稀土和其它金属浓盐溶液中氢离子的活度系数

用pH 测定法研究了在高浓度电解质溶液中氢离子活度系数(Y_(H+))的变化:(1)在氯化物和硝酸盐溶液中Y_(H+)随盐浓度的增高而急剧增大,在4.5摩尔CaCl_2 溶液中Y_(H+)=173,在2.75摩尔La(NO_3)_3溶液中 Y_(H+)=43,但在Li_2SO_4 溶液中 Y_(H+)随SO_4~(2-)浓度的增高而降低;(2)在相同浓度的氯化物或硝酸盐溶液中Y_(H+)大小的次序是La~(3+)>Y~(3+)>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>Li~+,在相同离子强度的溶液中,Y_(H+)大小的次序是 Li~+>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>La~(3+)>Y~(3+);(3)在同一金属的氯化物、硝酸盐和硫酸盐溶液中,Y_(H+)大小的次序是Cl~->NO_3~->SO_4~(2-);(4)酸度在10~(-1)～10~(-3)N范围内,Y_(H+)与酸度无关,而与溶液的离子强度和电解质种类有关。     

水介质中二甲基姜黄素脂质体对金属离子的荧光识别

通过薄膜分散法制备二甲基姜黄素(ASC-J9)脂质体,其粒径分布均匀且在水中的分散效果好,平均粒径为145. 7 nm,分散系数为0. 361。将ASC-J9脂质体作为水溶性的荧光探针,通过荧光猝灭法可选择性识别Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)及Cu~(2+)。经过条件筛选得到最佳荧光测试条件为:ASC-J9脂质体浓度为5. 0×10~(-5)mol/L,平衡时间5 min,测试温度25℃。由Job's曲线和荧光滴定结果判断该探针与Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)的络合比均为1∶1,与Fe~~(2+)的络合比为2∶1; Stern-Volmer方程判断该荧光猝灭类型为静态猝灭,结合常数分别为KFe(Ⅲ)=9. 63×10~4L/mol,KFe(Ⅱ)=3. 65×10~5L/mol,KCu(Ⅱ)=2. 32×10~5L/mol;该识别体系检测快速、灵敏度高,对Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的线性范围分别为:5. 0×10~(-7)~3. 0×10~(-5)、5. 0×10~(-7)~1. 75×10~(-5)、5. 0×10~(-7)~2. 5×10~(-5)mol/L,检出限分别为6. 41×10~(-7)、3. 28×10~(-7)、5. 08×10~(-7)mol/L。     

用沉淀滴定法测定磷矿中的磷

在酸性试液中加入捕捉剂,以二甲酚橙(XO)为指示剂,经实验证明可用标准硝酸铋直接滴定试液中的PO_4~(3-)离子。滴定在较强的酸性溶液中进行,可消除能与PO_4~(-3)生成难溶盐的阳离子的干扰。XO在该滴定条件下不封闭Al~(3+)(200mgAl_2O_3)。Fe~(3+)(50mg)用抗坏血酸还原为Fe~(2+)可消除干扰。As~(3+)离子严重干扰测定,当用王水溶样,将As~(3+)氧化为AsO_4~(3-)的形式,则可使砷     

Eastman-Kodak AQ膜修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量铁

本文用热处理法成功地制备了性能稳定的Eastman-Kodak AQ/GC修饰电极,对Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)及其络合阳离子在该电极上的行为进行了研究。表明AQ膜对Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)具有相近的交换能力,可用于Fe~(3+)或Fe~(2+)及其总量的阴极溶出伏安法测定。线性范围分别为2.0×10~(-7)～2.2×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(3+))和5.0×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(2+)),检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L(Fe~(3+))。文中对电极反应和再生进行了探讨。     

Gran滴定增量法——微量氯的测定

本文讨论了沉淀溶解度对Gran滴定的影响。由修正的Gran函数字出误差方程:R_a=-Cs(V₀+V)/C,据此方程可以进行误差分析和计算。在测Cl^-时,若滴定剂(AgNO₃)浓度为2×10^-3M,测定的适宜范围为5×10^-6M-5×10^-5M。增量法的引入使5×10^-6M以下Cl^-的测定成为可能,测定下限浓度达1×10^-6M,变动系数为20%。     

间-双(2′-N,N′-苯甲胺基-1-萘基)甲氧基苯的合成及对Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)的荧光传感性能

以间二甲苯、水杨醛和α-萘胺等为原料合成了荧光化学传感器1,并经红外、核磁、质谱表征了产物的结构.用紫外光谱、荧光光谱滴定实验的方法研究了金属离子和化合物的相互作用.结果表明传感器1对Cu~(2+)和Fe~(3+)表现出高选择性荧光响应,受常见离子干扰较小,化合物1与Cu~(2+)和Fe~(3+)结合形成1∶1的配合物,其结合常数分别为(2.83±0.42)×10~3和(8.69±0.32)×10~3 L·mol~(-1),检出限分别为2.584 4×10~(-4)和1.234 2×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1).     

一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的Fe~(3+)荧光探针的合成及性能研究

通过乙二醛将1,1-二(4-甲基苯基)-2-(4-氨基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯和罗丹明B酰肼连接起来,合成了一种四苯乙烯官能团化的罗丹明B衍生物TPE-Rh B.利用IR,NMR,MS和元素分析等对其进行了表征,确定了分子结构.并通过循环伏安分析法、紫外-可见光谱法、分子荧光光谱法等分别考察了它的电化学和光学性质.研究表明TPE-Rh B的电子亲合能为3.66 e V,有望开发为电子传输材料.此化合物在纯乙醇溶液中,几乎没有荧光,在乙醇/水的混合溶剂中具有典型聚集诱导发光(AIE)性能.更为重要的是在乙醇/水(V∶V=1∶1,Tris-HCl p H 7.0)混合溶液中能对Fe~(3+)实现"off-on"荧光识别,并裸眼可观察到溶液颜色从淡黄色变成粉红色,且几乎不受其他共存离子的干扰.探针与Fe~(3+)的结合常数为3.12×10~3,检出限可达3.53×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1),Fe~(3+)离子含量范围在6×10~(-5)~1.8×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1)时,荧光强度与Fe~(3+)离子浓度呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.9915),并通过Job’s曲线、紫外和荧光滴定、核磁滴定初步确定了化合物TPE-Rh B和Fe~(3+)的络合机理.     

一种基于形成杂多核络合物的荧光增敏效应的研究 Ⅲ.锰(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)的混合荧光增敏及其连续测定

本文研究了Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)对7-(8-羟基-3,6-二磺基萘偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-硼砂反应体系的混合荧光增敏作用。实验条件下,荧光增敏强度满足线性加和关系的范围是:Mn~(2+)浓度0～2.9×10~(-7)mol/L;Co~(2+)浓度0～8.8×10~(-7)mol/L;总浓度不超过1.0×10~(-6)mol/L。检出限量为Mn~(2+)4.5×10~(-9)mol/L和Co~(2+)1.4×10~(-8)mol/L。实现了Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)的连续测定。     

用汞(Ⅱ)络离子电位滴定法直接测定硫化物抗氧化缓冲溶液中的硫离子

1 引言通常的硫化钠处理液和排放液成份复杂、色度深,其硫离子测定采用一般的氧化法、比色法和直接电位法很难满足快速、准确、方便的要求。用硫电极作指示电极,Ag~+、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)作滴定剂直接电位滴定的报道不少,但在硫化物抗氧化缓冲(SAOB)溶液中,Ag~+与其溶液中抗坏血酸发生氧化还原反应;Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)滴定终点电位突跃小,均不能满足测定要求。Hg~(2+)对硫电极能产生超Nernst响应,并且HgS沉淀非常稳定(K_(SP)=10~(-50)),用Hg~(2+)作滴定剂具有滴定电位稳定,终点电位突跃大的特点。但是Hg~(2+)与抗坏血酸发生氧化还原反应,所以此法在SAOB溶液中直接滴定受到限制。我们利用Hg~(2+)电位滴定的特点,采用Hg~(2+)-半胱胺酸(CySH)络离子作滴定剂,有效地降低了Hg~(2+)的氧化电位,使其在SAOB溶液中可直接电位滴定测定硫离子。2 实验部分2.1 主要仪器和试剂 PXJ-1型数字式离子计;217型双液接饱和甘汞电极;自制硫电极;喷泡式吸收器:基准Hg~(2+)溶液(3.119×10~(-3)mol/L,0.6755g氧化汞,5ml浓硝酸,用水稀释至1L);Hg~(2+)-CySH标准溶液(6.238×10~(-4)mol/L,100ml基准Hg~(2+)溶液,0.5gCySH,用水稀释至500ml);测定底液(0.25mol/L抗坏血酸,1mol/L氢氧化钠,0.01mol/L EDTA-Na).     

氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)体系电致化学发光法检测邻苯二酚

采用简单的方法合成了氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(NG QDs),并分别用荧光光谱仪和透射电子显微镜进行了表征。研究了NG QDs对Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)电致化学发光(ECL)体系的增敏作用。实验优化了体系pH、Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)用量、NG QDs用量以及扫速等条件。在最优条件下,根据邻苯二酚对NG QDs/Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)耦合ECL体系信号的猝灭作用,建立了测定邻苯二酚的新方法。邻苯二酚浓度(1.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-5) mol/L)的对数值与ECL信号强度差之间呈线性关系,检测限低至5.0×10~(-9) mol/L,而且选择性和重现性好,实际样品检测结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.