CSR能区重离子反应中的介子产生

重离子反应中介子产生的观测对于认识重离子反应动力学和核物质性质具有重要的意义 .讨论了重离子反应中阈能附近介子产生的一些特点和研究现状 ,特别讨论了π介子产生和K+ 介子产生 .在我国兰州重离子冷却储存环上开展这方面的实验研究具有可能性 ,可望得到很有意义的结果 .及时开展这方面实验研究和相应的理论研究是必要的.It is important to measure meson productions in heavy ion collisions in order to understand the dynamics of heavy ion reactions and the properties of nuclear matter. In this paper we review the characteristic and present status of meson productions near the threshold energies in heavy ion collisions. Especially the pion and K + productions are discussed. We point out that it is meaningful and possible to carry out the experimental studies at the CSR. It is necessary to carry out timely the...     

Squeezed Back-to-Back Correlation of D~0~0 in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

We investigate the squeezed back-to-back correlation(BBC) of D~0~0 in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, using the in-medium mass modification calculated with a self-energy in hot pion gas and the source space-time distributions provided by the viscous hydrodynamic code VISH2+1. It is found that the squeezed BBC of D~0~0 is significant in peripheral Au+Au collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider energy. A possible way to detect the squeezed BBC in an experiment is presented.     

Φ Meson Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC

We present Φ meson production in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC.The hadronic decay mode Φ→K~+K~- is used in the analysis.The yields for Φ meson in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at a given beam energy are scaled by the number of participant.The N_(part) normalized Φ meson yields in heavy ion collisions over those from p+p collisions are larger than 1 and increase with collision energy.These results suggest that the source of enhancement of strange hadrons is related to the formation of a dense medium in high energy heavy ion collisions and can not be only due to canonical suppression of their production in smaller systems.We also present STAR results on the Φ meson elliptic flow υ_2 from 2~(1/SNN)=200 GeV Cu+Cu at RHIC.The elliptic flow in Cu+Cu system that has the similar relative magnitude and qualitative features as that in Au+Au system.The observations imply the hot and dense matter with partonic collectivity has been formed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.However,eccentrality normalized υ_2,υ_2/(n_qε_(part)) is lower for Cu+Cu than for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.So this might indicate thermalization has not been reached in 200 GeV Cu+Cu collisions.     

核物理研究新进展

本文介绍了国际核物理研究的趋势,核物理研究的前沿已从传统核物理转向亚核自由度变得重要的领域,讨论了在核结构、核反应、相对论性重离子碰撞、亚核自由度、放射性核束和核天体物理学等领域所获得的最新成果. It is presented the trend of the nuclear physics research in the world,the fron- tier of nuclear physics research has been moved from the traditional nuclear physics to the field in which the subnuclear freedoms become very important.New research results obtained in the fields of nuclear structures,nuclear reactions,relativistic heavy ion collisions, subnuclear freedoms,radioactive nuclear beams and nuclear astrophysics are discussed.     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋效应的灵敏探针

在重离子碰撞过程中, 基于重质量的弹核轰击轻质量靶核有大量中等质量碎片向前发射的逆运动学效应, 利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学观察和研究了重离子碰撞过程中同位旋效应的灵敏性． 计算结果表明在所选能区, 中等质量碎片的多重性与带电粒子总数之间的关联是提取介质中核子 核子碰撞截面的灵敏观测量, 而此时对称势的同位旋效应却不明显． Based on the revers kinetic intermediate energy heavy ion collision in which much more intermediate mass fragments are emitted towards forward angles, a sensitive observable on isospin effects in heavy ion collisions is investigated by means of using isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD). The calculation results show that the correlation between the multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments N IMF and total number of charged particles N c is...     

Baryon Ratios in Quark-Gluon Plasma

A way to calculate ratios of baryon produced from quark gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented. It is assumed that at the beginning of the hadronlzation there are diquarks and anti-diquarks in the quark matter. The number of three-quark states is distributed between the corresponding multiplets, and hadronic decays are taken into account. The results are shown at last.     

Photoproduction of Light Vector Meson in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

We calculate the hard photoproduction of light vector meson from the fragmentation of photon in Pb Pb col- lisions. Using the perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculation, we rigorously derive the electromagnetic fragmentation production for p, co and Ф in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions by the photoproduction pro- cesses. It is shown that the differential cross section of photoproduction processes of light vector meson cannot be negligible in relativistic heavy ion collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies.     

重离子耗散碰撞激发函数的涨落

综述了重离子耗散碰撞激发函数中截面涨落现象的实验与理论研究的现状． The present status of the studies on the cross section fluctuation phynomeno in dissipative heavy ion collisions (DHIC) is reviewed, especially for the fluctuation characteristics and the theoretical deuelopment.     

核物质中的π,K,ρ和η物理

介绍了入射能量约1AGeV时的重离子碰撞产生的介子物理,分析了SIS和Bevalac两个重离子加速器的实验数据中显示的介质效应,特别是手征对称性在有限密度时的部分恢复信号,指出了目前理论研究中存在的问题 ,最后讨论了兰州重离子加速器CSR可以进行的介子物理研究.The meson physics in heavy ion collisions around energy 1 A GeV is investigated. The experimental data at SIS and Bevalac on medium effects, especially on the signatures of chiral symmetry restoration at finite density are analyzed, and the related problems in the study are pointed out. Finally the possible meson physics at cool storage ring (CSR) is discussed.     

类氢铀离子的辐射电子俘获角分布研究

分析了在重离子冷却储存环上测量的辐射电子俘获产生的X射线能谱,得出了K REC光子的相对微分角分布,通过与非相对论理论和全相对论理论的计算结果进行比较,从实验上证明了相对论重离子 原子碰撞中自旋翻转跃迁的存在,实验结果与全相对论理论计算结果一致.同时还证实,重离子体系本身的相对论性质对碰撞过程有重要影响. Radiative electron capture process occurring in high-Z ion-atom collisions studied on the heavy ion storage ring (ERS) is reviewed. The REC differential angular distributions are deduced from the X-ray spectra recorded at various observation angles for 310 and 88 MeV/u U 92+on N 2collisions, respectively. The experimental results are compared with non-relativistic and complete relativistic calculations. Deviations from sin 2θ lab are found in both cases. The contributions to near 0°observation...     

相对论重离子反应的热化过程

本文从相对论BUU理论出发研究了1GeV/n能区重离子反应全局(global)和局域(local)平衡性质,计算表明在该能区平均场对反应动力学过程仍有相当的作用;对有限核系统的反应动力学过程的时间演化的研究表明,有限核系统无论全局的还是局域的平衡均未能达到完全平衡,因而对有限核系统重离子反应基于完全热平衡概念的适用性值得怀疑.     

Chemical equilibration of baryons in an expanding fireball

Due to long chemical equilibration times of hadrons in the hadron gas phase in relativistic heavy ion collisions it has been suggested that they are “born" into equilibrium. Here we review reactions that allow for quick equilibration times within the hadron gas phase such as multi-mesonic reactions at SpS and Hagedorn resonances decays at RHIC. The inclusion of a Bjorken expansion reveals that baryon anti-baryon pairs can quickly equilibrate within the hadron gas phase.     

Isospin equilibration in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the mixing and the kinetic equilibration of projectile and target nucleons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the energy regime between 150 AMeV and 2 AGeV in a coupled-channel BUU (CBUU) approach. We find that equilibrium in the projectile-target degrees of freedom is in general not reached even for large systems at low energy where elastic nucleon-nucleon collisions dominate. Inelastic nucleon excitations are more favorable for equilibration and their relative abundance increases both with energy and mass. Experimentally, the projectile/target admixture can be determined by measuring the degree of isospin equilibration in isospin asymmetric nuclear collisions. For one of the most promising systems currently under investigation, ⁹⁶ ₄₄Ru +⁹⁶ ₄₀Zr, we investigate the influence of the equation of state and the inelastic in-medium cross section. Received: 23 September 1998 / Revised version: 3 December 1998     

Fast equilibration of hadrons in an expanding fireball

Because of long chemical equilibration times for standard hadronic reactions in a hadron gas in relativistic heavy ion collisions, it was suggested that hadrons are born into equilibrium after the quark gluon plasma is formed. We develop a dynamical scheme, using master equations, in which Hagedorn states contribute to fast chemical equilibration times of baryons and kaons, just below the critical temperature, estimates of which are derived analytically. The hadrons quickly equilibrate for an initial over- or underpopulation of Hagedorn states. Our particle ratios compared to BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider show a close match.     

Fast chemical equilibration of hadrons in an expanding fireball

The suggestion of hadrons being “born” into equilibrium arose from long chemical equilibration times of hadrons in the hadron gas phase in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Here we consider possible Hagedorn states, which contribute to fast chemical equilibration times of baryon anti-baryon pairs (as well as kaon anti-kaon pairs) inside a hadron gas and just below the critical temperature. Master equations are used to describe the reactions. Within a Bjorken expansion scenario, the kaons and baryons as well as the bath of pions and Hagedorn resonances can indeed quickly chemically equilibrate.     

Relativistic effects in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies

The covariant and non-covariant Quantum Molecular Dynamics models are applied to investigate possible relativistic effects in heavy ion collisions at SIS energies. These relativistic effects which arise due to the full covariant treatment of the dynamics are studied at bombarding energiesE _lab=50, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 MeV/nucl. A wide range of the impact parameter fromb=0 fm tob=10 fm is also considsered. In the present study, five systems¹²C-¹²C,¹⁶O-¹⁶O,²⁰Ne-²⁰Ne,²⁸Si-²⁸Si and⁴⁰Ca-⁴⁰Ca are investigated. The full covariant treatment at low energies shows quite good agreement with the corresponding non-covariant whereas at higher energies it shows less stopping and hence less thermal equilibrium as compared to the non-covariant approach. The collisions dynamics is less affected. The density using RQMD rises and drops faster than with QMD. The relativistic effects show some influence on the resonance matter production. Overall, the relativistic effects at SIS energies (≦2000 MeV/nucl.) are less significant.     

Finite-size behaviour of a critical related observable

Accounting for the influence of system size in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the finite-size form of a critical related observable is suggested. The fixed-point and straight line methods are proposed in exploring the QCD critical point and phase boundary in relativistic heavy ion collisions. As an application, the finitesize behaviour of the ratios of higher net-proton cumulants, dynamical electric charge fluctuations, and transverse momentum correlations in Au + Au collisions at RHIC are examined.     

Expanding quark-gluon plasmas

The expansion and chemical equilibration of a quark-gluon plasma formed in collisions of two heavy nuclei may be described by relativistic fluid dynamics, in combination with chemical rate equations for the different parton species. Using initial conditions obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation and allowing for the full three-dimensional expansion of the parton plasma, we make predictions about the life-time of the quark-gluon plasma and the transverse flow velocity at hadronization for Au + Au collisions at RHIC and LHC energy.     

J/Ψ measurement in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

J/Ψ’s are produced mostly via interactions involving gluons, and are a sensitive probe of the gluon structure function and its modification in nuclei. They are also considered as a leading signal for studying the creation of hot and dense matter in relativistic heavy ion collision. Measurement of J/Ψ production in different colliding systems is important for understanding the nuclear modification factor, and setting a baseline for the study of J/Ψ suppression in heavy ion collisions. In this talk we report the latest results on J/Ψ measurements by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p+p; d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at backward, forward, and mid-rapidity. Nuclear effects are studied as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity and centrality.     

Rapidity dependence of hadron PT spectra in central Au＋Au collisions at √^SNN = 200 GeV

The transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at different rapidities in central Au＋Au collisions at √^SNN= 200 GeV are studied in a quark combination model. The results for PT spectra of π^±, K^±, p（p^-） and for the p/π ratios in a broader PT range at midrapidity agree well with the data. The transverse momentum spectra of pions, protons and antiprotons at various rapidities y - 1, η= 2.2 and y ≈ 3.2 are calculated and compared with the data.