Kaon and antikaon properties in cold nuclear medium

We present results of a self-consistent calculation for the kaon and antikaon spectral functions in cold nuclear matter, using as input the kaon-nucleon and antikaon-nucleon scattering amplitudes of the vacuum. We investigate the effect of in-medium pion dressing on the antikaon-nucleon scattering amplitudes and antikaon spectral function. We find the influence of pion dressing to be minor on the antikaon spectral function and limited on the hyperon resonances causing only a small additional broadening. An exception is the Σ(1690). At nuclear saturation density an attractive mass shift of about 20 MeV and width of about 130 MeV is obtained. The kaon shows a repulsive mass increase of 36 MeV and a small width of the quasiparticle peak at saturation density.     

Meson screening mass in a strongly coupled pion superfluid

We calculate the meson screening mass in a pion superfluid in the framework of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The minimum of the attractive quark potential is always located at the phase boundary of pion superfluid. Different from the temperature and baryon density effect, the potential at finite isospin density cannot be efficiently suppressed and the matter is always in a strongly coupled phase due to the Goldstone mode in the pion superfluid.     

Superfluid nuclear matter calculations

We present a method to calculate nuclear matter properties in the superfluid phase. The method is based on the use of self-consistent off-shell nucleon propagators in the T-matrix equation. Such a complete treatment of the spectral function is required below and around T_c due to a pseudogap formation in the spectral function. In the superfluid phase we introduce the anomalous self-energy in the fermion propagators and in the T-matrix equation, consistently with the strong coupling BCS equations. The equations for the nucleon spectral function include both a contribution of condensed and scattering pairs. The method is illustrated by numerical calculations. Above T_c pseudogap formation is visible in the spectral function and below T_c a superfluid gap also appears.     

Thermodynamics of the superfluid dilute bose gas with disorder

We generalize the Beliaev-Popov diagrammatic technique for the problem of interacting dilute Bose gas with weak disorder. Averaging over disorder is implemented by the replica method. The low-energy asymptotic form of the Green function confirms that the low-energy excitations of the superfluid dirty-boson system are sound waves with velocity renormalized by the disorder and additional dissipation due to the impurity scattering. We find the thermodynamic potential and the superfluid density at any temperature below the superfluid transition temperature (but outside the Ginzburg region) and derive the phase diagram in temperature vs disorder plane.     

Contrasting mechanical anisotropies of the superfluid 3He phases in aerogel

There has been much recent interest in how impurity scattering may affect the phases of the p-wave superfluid 3He. Impurities may be added to the otherwise absolutely pure superfluid by immersing it in aerogel. Some predictions suggest that impurity scattering may destroy orientational order and force all of the superfluid phases to have an isotropic superfluid density. In contrast to this, we present experimental data showing that the response of the A-like phase to superfluid flow is highly anisotropic, revealing a texture that is easily modified by flow.     

Renormalization group analysis of boundary conditions in potential scattering

We analyze how a short distance boundary condition for the Schrödinger equation must change as a function of the boundary radius by imposing the physical requirement of phase shift independence on the boundary condition. The resulting equation can be interpreted as a variable phase equation of a complementary boundary value problem. We discuss the corresponding infrared fixed points and the perturbative expansion around them generating a short distance modified effective range theory. We also discuss ultraviolet fixed points, limit cycles, and attractors with a given fractality which take place for singular attractive potentials at the origin. The scaling behavior of scattering observables can analytically be determined and is studied with some emphasis on the low energy nucleon-nucleon interaction via singular pion exchange potentials. The generalization to coupled channels is also studied.     

Pion-pion phase shifts from covariant perturbation theory for a chiral invariant field theoretic model

The Lehmann model for pion -pion scattering consists of a low-energy expansion of the scattering amplitude to fourth order in the momenta on the basis of the chiral-invariant pion-nucleon Lagrangian. Because of the non-renormalizability of the pion Lagrangian two parameters remain undetermined in the pion-loop contribution. Using covariant perturbation theory and superpropagator methods, we calculate these two parameters independently of the choice of the pion field coordinates. The resulting phase shifts are shown to be in very good agreement with the data.     

Phase transitions in nucleonic matter and neutron-star cooling

A new scenario for neutron-star cooling is suggested by the correspondence between pion condensation, induced by critical spin-isospin fluctuations, and the metal-insulator phase transition in a 2D electron gas. Above the threshold density for pion condensation, the neutron single-particle spectrum acquires an insulating gap that quenches neutron contributions to neutrino production. In the liquid phase just below the transition, the fluctuations play dual roles by (i) creating a multisheeted neutron Fermi surface that extends to low momenta and activates the normally forbidden direct Urca cooling mechanism, and (ii) amplifying the nodeless P-wave neutron superfluid gap while suppressing S-wave pairing. Lighter stars without a pion-condensed core undergo slow cooling, whereas enhanced cooling occurs in heavier stars via direct Urca emission from a thin shell of the interior.     

Emission in the final state in processes with the production of charged pions and light leptons

The Drell-Yan form is proposed for the decay widths of heavy quarks and cross sections for high-energy scattering with the production of charged pions and light leptons including radiative corrections in the final state in the leading logarithmic approximation. The corresponding spectral distributions are given in terms of the convolution of the cross section (decay width) in the Born approximation with the structure functions of pions and leptons. The pion structure function is given in the explicit form.     

Quark-mass dependence in $$\omega \rightarrow 3\pi $$ decays

We study the quark-mass dependence of \(\omega \rightarrow 3\pi \) decays, based on a dispersion-theoretical framework. We rely on the quark-mass-dependent scattering phase shift for the pion–pion P-wave extracted from unitarized chiral perturbation theory. The dispersive representation then takes into account the final-state rescattering among all three pions. The described formalism may be used as an extrapolation tool for lattice QCD calculations of three-pion decays, for which \(\omega \rightarrow 3\pi \) can serve as a paradigm case.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of soot aggregation on the radiative properties in the infrared region and radiative heat transfer

The effect of aggregation on soot radiative properties in the infrared region of the spectrum is numerically investigated using Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory for fractal aggregates (RDG-FA). In order to use the RDG-FA theory for a wide range of aggregate sizes and wavelengths, the predicted phase functions, scattering and absorption coefficients are compared with a more accurate theory, the integral equation formulation for scattering—IEFS. The importance of scattering when compared with absorption is investigated, as well as the effect of aggregation on the phase function shape and on the scattering cross section. It is concluded that in the case of small aggregates formed with small primary particles the scattering coefficient is negligible compared with the absorption coefficient, and scattering and aggregation of primary particles can be ignored. Thus, the Rayleigh approximation can be used leading to isotropic scattering. In the case of large aggregates constituted by large primary particles, aggregation becomes important and the scattering cross section is of the same order of magnitude of the absorption cross section. Moreover, the phase function becomes highly peaked in the forward direction. Therefore, the Rayleigh and the equivalent volume Mie sphere approximations are not valid, and the RDG-FA method emerges as a good compromise between accuracy and simplicity of application. However, radiative transfer calculations between two infinite, parallel, black walls show that scattering may always be neglected in the calculation of total radiative heat source and heat fluxes to the walls. The minor influence of scattering on the accuracy of the predictions is explained by the shift between the spectral region where scattering is important and the region where the spectral radiative heat source is large.     

Theory of rf-spectroscopy of strongly interacting fermions

We show that strong pairing correlations in Fermi gases lead to the appearance of a gaplike structure in the rf spectrum, both in the balanced superfluid and in the normal phase above the Clogston-Chandrasekhar limit. The average rf shift of a unitary gas is proportional to the ratio of the Fermi velocity and the scattering length with the final state. In the strongly imbalanced case, the rf spectrum measures the binding energy of a minority atom to the Fermi sea of majority atoms. Our results provide a qualitative understanding of recent experiments by Schunck et al.     

Scattering of negative pions on helium

Differential cross sections for negative pion scattering on ⁴He have been measured at five pion kinetic energies between 110 and 260 MeV in the angular range from 5° to 180°. Total cross sections have also been measured at eleven energies between 67 and 285 MeV. The differential cross sections have been fitted with a phenomenological expression for the nuclear scattering amplitude. Conventional phase shifts have been reconstructed starting from the parameters of the fits.     

GENERAL SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF THE NLS+ EQUATION UNDER NON-VANISHING BOUNDARY CONDITION

For the NLS⁺ equation under nonvanishing boundary condition, to avoid complexity due to Riemann surface, required for double-valued function of the usual spectral parameter, starting from a particular auxiliary spectral parameter, a special inverse scattering method is systematically developed, and explicit expressions of the general multi-soliton solutions are successfully obtained. Asymptotic behaviors of the muiti-soliton solutions, additional displacement of center and additional phase shift of the peak are derived. When the boundary value approaches zero, all the formulas become the known ones naturally.     

Phase shift analysis of pion-4He scattering by optimal polynomial expansion

A novel method of phase shift analysis for the scattering of charged pion from⁴He nuclei is proposed. The nuclear amplitudef _N (ϑ) has been parametrized in terms of a polynomial expansion in a conformally mapped variable, which is obtained by optimally exploiting the analytic property off _N . The method exhibits a significant reduction in the number of free parameters required for the fixed energy phase shift analysis of the differential cross-section data. The nuclear amplitude thus constructed is then used to obtain phase shifts and inelastic parameters of all possible orders. Reliable values of the real and imaginary parts of the forward amplitude are also obtained.     

GENERAL SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF THE NLS+ EQUATION UNDER NON-VANISHING BOUNDARY CONDITION

For the NLS⁺ equation under nonvanishing boundary condition, to avoid complexity due to Riemann surface, required for double-valued function of the usual spectral parameter, starting from a particular auxiliary spectral parameter, a special inverse scattering method is systematically developed, and explicit expressions of the general multi-soliton solutions are successfully obtained. Asymptotic behaviors of the muiti-soliton solutions, additional displacement of center and additional phase shift of the peak are derived. When the boundary value approaches zero, all the formulas become the known ones naturally.     

Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering: comparison between phase-sensitive and spectrally filtered techniques

Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering is used to generate and control coherent phonons and other low-frequency modes. In transparent materials, pump-probe experiments are usually performed by spectrally resolving the probe beam and measuring the spectral shift as a function of pump-probe time delay. By measuring the optical phase of the probe pulse as a function of time delay, we find that the phonon signal can be increased by a factor alpha(omegadelta)(-1), where omega is the phonon frequency and delta is the pulse duration.     

Quenching in the basic πN amplitude for pion-nucleus scattering

An upward shift of the 3,3 resonance energy in pion-nucleus scattering is discussed, which arises from the absorption of the transferred pion in the Chew-Low πN amplitude, when the πN system is embedded in the nuclear medium.     

Spectral diffuse reflectance measurements of gadolinia, silica thin film systems using synchrotron radiation

Diffuse reflectance or optical scattering in thin films and multilayers can pose serious limiting factors to their desired or ultimate performances. Besides, such studies provide valuable information related to the buried microstructures and interfaces. Synchrotron radiation is the most appropriate source to record wavelength dependent polarized light scattering in thin films and multilayers. In the present experiment several gadolinia, silica thin films and multilayers were studied for their light scattering using the white light synchrotron beam. Various thin film layer geometries were selected to probe the results due to different types and combinations of interfaces. Due to phase coherent delay in certain optical non-wedged component used in the experimental setup very interesting spectral interference were noticed as the modulations in the diffuse reflectance signal. Appropriate modeling approach utilizing Gaussian function de-convolution technique is used to compute the pulse delay between the back reflected and forward propagating scattering signals that lead to such spectral interference. Alternatively inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and analytical techniques were adopted to determine the group delays. The diffuse reflectance spectra were finally compared with their specular counter part and a shift both in the wavelength and phase were noticed. This may be explained on the basis of thin film roughness factors, different polarizations and incident geometries used in the measurements. However, all most all the spectral scattering signals exhibited the features resembling their specular reflection characteristic.