谷胱甘肽过氧化酶模拟物2—位碲桥联环糊精的合成及催化作用

以β-环糊精（CD）为酶模型，将Te引入β-环糊精中，成功地合成出一种新的水溶性好，活力高的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）小分子模拟物2－TeCD，并对其结构进行了表征，采用Wilson辅酶偶联法，间接测定了2－TeCD催化还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）还原H2O2的GPX活力为46.7U/μmol，与文献报道的数据相比，2－TeCD的GPX活力最高，通过考察2－TeCD催化GSH还原H2O2反应的动力学，发现反应初速度对底物浓度的双倒数曲线为一组平行线表明2－TeCD所遵循的催化剂可能为三转移乒乓机制，通过考察自由基捕获剂2，4－二叔丁基甲基苯酚对酶促和自发反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化的酶促反应为非自由基机理。通过考察酶不可逆抑制剂碘乙酸对酶促反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化反应过程中不生成碲醇中间体，由此推测出2－TeCD的催化循环经历碲硫化合物，次碲酸硫酯和次碲酸中间体，该催化循环与含硒GPX小分子模拟物所经历的催化循环不同，以及环糊精对底物具有识别与结合的能力，可能是2－TeCD具有高GPX活力的主要原因。     

基于γ-环糊精的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物的构建及催化作用

基于对天然谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)结构与功能的理解,我们利用超分子化学的方法和原理,选择γ-环糊精为骨架,通过引入催化基团硒或碲,设计并合成了7种基于γ-环糊精的新型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)模拟物,并采用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振等手段对其结构进行了详细的表征和确认。运用GPX经典双酶体系法测定了它们的GPX活性,实验结果表明:6,6’双碲桥联γ-环糊精(6-diTe-γ-CD)表现出了最高的GPX活性,其催化GSH还原过氧化氢(H2O2)、叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BuOOH)和枯烯过氧化氢(CuOOH)的活力分别是传统小分子硒酶Ebselen的147.3、1897.9和663.9倍,该结果是目前报道的环糊精GPX模拟物中酶活力最高的。     

2-位碲桥联环糊精的制备、表征及其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的研究

该文以三种母体环糊精(CD),即α-、β-和γ-CD为修饰模板,将功能性基团有机碲引入到环糊精次面的2位羟基上,制备得到了三种具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性的GPX模拟物。采用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振等手段对三种环糊精衍生物的结构进行了表征。运用GPX经典双酶体系法测定了三种环糊精衍生物的GPX活性,实验结果表明三者均具有很高的催化活性,其中2-位碲桥联γ-环糊精(2-Te-γ-CD)具有最高的GPX活性,其催化谷胱甘肽(GSH)还原过氧化氢(H2O2),叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BuOOH)和枯烯过氧化氢(CuOOH)的活力分别是传统"小分子硒酶"Ebselen的80.5,333.3和118.3倍。     

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物碲化透明质酸的合成及催化动力学研究

 以透明质酸(HA)作为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的酶模型,将碲(Te)引入HA中,合成了一种新型的高活力的GPX模拟物碲化透明质酸(TeHA). 用红外光谱和核磁共振技术对TeHA的结构进行了研究,证明Te的修饰位点位于HA的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的羟甲基(-CH2OH)上. 采用Wilson辅酶偶联法测定得到TeHA催化还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)还原H2O2的GPX活力为163.6 U/μmol, 高于文献报道的其它模拟酶. TeHA还能够催化GSH还原异丙苯基过氧化物(CuOOH)和叔丁基过氧化物(t-BuOOH)的反应,并且CuOOH为该模拟酶的最适底物. 通过研究TeHA催化GSH还原三种不同过氧化物的反应动力学发现, TeHA的催化遵循乒乓机制.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器研究谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物与底物的结合作用

采用表面等离子体子共振(SPR)传感装置,固定入射角,以波长为变量,以CCD为检测系统,用对金有较强吸附作用的谷胱甘肽(GSH)为基底膜,研究了GSH分别与谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)与小分子GPX模拟酶2-位-碲桥联-β-环糊精(2-TeCD)的动力学过程,计算得GSH与GST的结合常数为2.82×106L/mol;GSH与2-TeCD的结合常数为3.92×102L/mol。结果表明:本方法可以用来评价小分子GPX模拟酶与底物的结合程度,简便快捷,不需标记样品,可以实时监测反应过程,作用后酶与底物易于分离,分离后的酶可以继续使用等优点。     

以透明质酸为骨架的新型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)模拟酶的制备及性质研究

用修饰法合成以透明质酸为骨架的两种新型GPX模拟酶: 硒化透明质酸SeHA及碲化透明质酸TeHA. 用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱对模拟酶的结构进行研究, 证明其修饰位点位于透明质酸的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的—CH2OH. 用二硫代双硝基苯甲酸(DTNB)法测定模拟酶的硒含量为1.2%. 通过模拟酶对3种不同底物过氧化氢(H2O2)、过氧化氢正丁烷(t-BuOOH)和过氧化氢异丙苯(CuOOH)的催化活性的研究结果表明CuOOH为该反应的最佳底物. 研究模拟酶催化谷胱甘肽(GSH)还原3种过氧化物的动力学发现, 反应速率与底物浓度的双倒数曲线均为平行的直线, 说明模拟酶反应的动力学机制与天然GPX相同, 为乒乓机制. 用2,4-二叔丁基甲基苯酚(BHT)法证明了该催化反应为非自由基机理, 且模拟酶不易被碘乙酸抑制.     

具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的含碲环糊精衍生物

设计并合成了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)模拟物6A,6A’-二苯胺-6B,6B’-二碲桥联-β-环糊精(6-AnTeCD),采用双酶偶联法进行GPx活力测定和酶反应动力学分析,通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法评价了6-AnTeCD对H2O2诱导心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用.结果表明,6-AnTeCD催化谷胱甘肽(GSH)还原过氧化氢(H2O2)的活力高于6-AnSeCD、6,6’-二碲桥联-β-环糊精(6-TeCD)和Ebselen等GPx模拟物.稳态动力学分析显示,6-AnTeCD的催化机制为乒乓机制.6-AnTeCD分子兼具引入底物结合部位和改造催化部位的双重优点,具有分子量小、毒性低及可有效保护心肌细胞免受氧化损伤的优点.     

GSH对两种谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物活性影响的研究

设计并合成了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)模拟物6A,6A’-二苯胺-6B,6B’-二硒桥联-β-环糊精(6-AnSeCD). 采用双酶偶联法测定GPX的活力结果显示, 6A,6A’-二环己胺-6B,6B’-二硒桥联-β-环糊精(6-CySeCD)催化谷胱甘肽还原H2O2和枯烯H2O2的活力均比6-AnSeCD的高. 为了进一步考察6-CySeCD和6-AnSeCD与GSH之间的相互作用, 进行了分子动力学(MD)模拟和分子对接研究. 结果表明, 与GSH的结合使GPX模拟物的构象发生变化, 这种改变可能是影响桥连GPX模拟物催化活性的关键因素.     

硒代β-环糊精模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的研究——6-位硒桥联β-环糊精的合成、性质及表征

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ，Ｅｃ１．１１．１．９）属抗氧化应激酶系，它以还原型谷胱甘肽为底物，催化还原氢过氧化物［１］．它能消除体内自由基，防止脂质过氧化，对治疗和预防克山病、心血管病、炎症及癌症等有明显效果．随着对ＧＰＸ催化机制及活性部位结构的深入...     

疏水腔修饰法及高活力GPX抗体酶的研究：Ⅱ.半抗原及全抗原的制备和表征

自Jencks抗体酶的概念出现以来，已有80多种化学反应被证实可以用抗体来催化［‘”j．一般合成抗体酶的方法是通过选择合适的过渡态类似物来诱导抗体酶，这种方法产生的抗体酶大部分活力很低，我们曾对3个具有谷脱甘肽（GSH）过氧化物酶（GPX）特性的含硒抗体酶进行了报道「”‘a，半抗原是，2，3是根据天然抗体酶活性中心的结构设计合成的，它们对GPX的底物GSH具有不同程度的疏水修饰．随着半抗原疏水程度的增加，通过单抗技术和化学修饰而得的3个抗体酶的相应活力分别为兔肝GPX的0．2，1·6和8．5倍．在上述结果基础上，我们提出疏…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.