基于核心素养下的高考物理实验题的研究

以2023年高考全国新课标卷物理实验试题为例,分析高考物理实验试题命题素材,从普通高中物理课程标准细化试题必备知识、关键能力、学科素养水平,对考查的物理学科核心素养以及对物理实验教学的启示做一分析.     

2022年高考河北物理实验试题分析

实验教学在中学物理教学中具有重要的地位和作用,以2022年高考河北物理实验试题为例,分析高考实验题所考查的物理学科知识、学生需具备的关键能力以及对物理实验教学的指导意义.     

“探究加速度与力、质量的关系”实验的迁移和创新

实验题是高考物理卷的重点,也是难点,考生遇到新的实验试题往往不知如何着手分析,失分现象十分普遍.纵观近几年的高考物理实验试题,虽然题型很新,却都是教材中常规实验的拓展和延伸,主要考查学生对常规实验原理、方案设计、操作步骤、     

物理教学中应注重学生对称思维的培养

历届物理高考都渗透着对称思维能力的考查, 并且这种趋势在将来的命题中会更加明显. 本文仅就对 近几年的几道高考试题的剖析, 兹以说明在物理教学中培养学生对称思维能力的重要性     

高考物理实验试题结构特点分析

针对近11年高考物理实验能力考查现状,分析了实验试题的结构特点,得出了高考物理实验对学生实验能力考查的规律,并指出了学生在应试过程中出现的问题,对以后中学物理实验教学及培养学生的实验能力的实践提供依据.     

物理实验总复习谈

物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学,实验是物理学的重要组成部分,因此,培养学生的实验能力是物理教学中区别于语、数、外的特别要求的能力.对实验能力的考查是各类性质的物理考试中必不可少的,尤其是高考,对实验考查极为重视,这已在历年的高考试题中得到认证.     

实验创新思维的赏析与尝试

实验是物理学的基础,考查实验能力在高考物理中一直占有重要的地位.高考物理实验题的考查目标定位在笔试的形式下考查学生的实验能力.而且随着教育改革的不断深入,实验试题的要求也在逐步提高.     

从2008年高考实验题看新课程实验教学策略

高考是我国基础教育中最被关注、影响最大的考试,它在很大程度上起到了国家对基础教育的指导性作用,是高中教学的指挥棒.2008年高考是浙江省老课程下的最后一次高考,通过对物理实验试题的分析研究,可感受到高考对高中新课程物理实验教学的新要求.     

2006年高考物理实验试题特点及其对教学的启示

纵观今年全国及各省市高考命制的试题中，与物理相关的7套理科综合试卷和3套单科试卷，发现在课改理念指导下，具有许多共同特点，集中体现了注重基础知识、注重过程方法、重视五种能力考查等特点．《物理通报》从第6期开始，对每套物理试题的评析文章已作了详细讨论．本文则面向各套试题中的物理实验试题，进行横向系统分析，试图从总体上勾画出2006年高考命题在物理实验内容方面的基本思路，以期引起广大物理教师对此思考和研究．     

2012高考物理实验题分析与思考

总结与分析了2012全国14套高考物理试题实验命题的特点,结合物理课程标准分析新高考理念下物理实验命题的趋势和高考物理实验复习教学的策略.     

Laboratory demonstration of spotlight-mode down-looking synthetic aperture imaging ladar

We present a tabletop-scale spotlight-mode down-looking synthetic aperture imaging ladar(DL SAIL) demonstrator, which is performed by a collimator with 10 m focal length to simulate the far-field optical field.A specular-point target and a diffuse-reflection target have been used for resolution analysis and 2D imaging,respectively. The experimental result is in agreement with the theoretical design. The experiment setup is capable of simulating a real application scenario for further study. This Letter is focused on the proposition and implementation of spotlight-mode DL SAIL.     

球体上滚问题分析

研究球体在不平行双直线型导轨上的上滚实验问题,包括上滚原因、条件和如何获得最佳的演示效果,并给出一个关于椭圆的几何命题.     

Experience in the Development of a Configurable Laboratory UV Projection Photolithography System of Micron Resolution

The possibility of creating a laboratory UV photolithography setup with the help of commercially available components, such as optical-mechanical positioners and UV (ultraviolet) objective lenses, is discussed. Existing technical solutions concerning the optical systems of optical lithography, which rely on object?image reduction, are considered. The main trends in the design of such systems based on lens optics are analyzed. The theoretical and practical aspects underlying the design of similar systems are examined taking into account the basic conditions of image obtainment: congruence to the initial object, ray-path telecentricity, and achievement of the required parameters by linear fields and resolution.     

Measuring laser divergence

A standard method of measuring the divergence is to measure the beam diameter in the focal plane of a lens based on the proposition that the beam diameter is equal to the focal length of the lens multiplied by the incident beam divergence. The proof of the proposition is relatively easy by geometric optics. Proof of the proposition for a laser beam provides insight into the application of the mode matching formulae. The mode matching formulae provide a ready means of choosing a lens to match one mode to another where the data for both modes is known. The results obtained here allow ready application to the more general case of calculating the output mode for a known input mode and a given focal length.     

二维轴对称图象高阶胡氏不变矩快速算法的改进

提出了基于二维轴对称性目标图象矩快速算法的实用化改进方案.算法实用化改进是通过两个命题的证明实现的.一是通过轴对称目标图象质心在对称轴上的命题证明,实现了将二维轴对称图象矩快速算法用于轴对称性图象中心矩的计算;二是通过目标图象以坐标系中任意两点为圆心,旋转相同角度,结果图象具有平移性的命题证明,实现了算法用于对旋转不同角度的对称目标图象的中心矩的计算改进.在此基础上,完成了二维轴对称目标图象高阶胡氏不变矩实用化快速算法的实现.实验证明,该算法具有较好的实时性能,且具有较小的引入误差.     

基于不同衬底材料高出光效率LED芯片研究进展

提高LED芯片的出光效率是解决LED光源大功率化和可靠性的根本。根据LED芯片所用衬底材料的不同,总结了近年来提高GaN基LED出光效率的研究进展,介绍了新的设计思路、工艺结构与制备方法。并从材料结构和衬底选取方面,对LED芯片未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

A chemical kinetic interpretation of the octane appetite of modern gasoline engines

Fuel anti-knock quality is a critical property with respect to the effective design of next-generation spark-ignition engines which aim to have increased efficiency, and lower emissions. Increasing evidence in the literature supports the fact that the current regulatory measures of fuel anti-knock quality, the research octane number (RON), and motor octane number (MON), are becoming decreasingly relevant to commercial engines. Extrapolation and interpolation of the RON/MON scales to the thermodynamic conditions of modern engines is potentially valuable for the synergistic design of fuels and engines with greater efficiency. The K-value approach, which linearly weights the RON/MON scales based on the thermodynamic history of an engine, offers a convenient experimental method to do so, although complementary theoretical interpretations of K-value measurements are lacking in the literature.This work uses a phenomenological engine model with a detailed chemical kinetic model to predict and interpret known trends in the K-value with respect to engine intake temperature, pressure, and engine speed. The modelling results support experimental trends which show that the K-value increases with increasing intake temperature and engine speed, and decreases with increasing intake pressure. A chemical kinetic interpretation of trends in the K-value based on fundamental ignition behaviour is presented. The results show that combined experimental/theoretical approaches, which employ a knowledge of fundamental fuel data (gas phase kinetics, ignition delay times), can provide a reliable means to assess trends in the real-world performance of commercial fuels under the operating conditions of modern engines.     

The origin of reduced fill factors of emitter‐wrap‐through‐solar cells

Low fill factors generally limit the efficiency of emitter‐wrap‐through (EWT) solar cells. Until now, a conventional series resistance limitation along the laser‐drilled EWT vias has usually been assumed to be responsible for this effect. We demonstrate that the characteristic fill factor loss is caused by a crucial change in the diffusion currents inside the base, which are influenced by the conductivity along the laser‐drilled EWT vias. In addition, we show that the EWT via conductivity influences the fill factor loss caused by an iron contaminated base. This result affects the proposition that the EWT design is suitable for multicrystalline silicon in which interstitial iron is known to be the main contaminant. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

求接地导体感应电荷的一种简便方法

由一道证明题引申出一个命题,对该命题给出了证明;通过几个实例说明应用该命题可以简便地求解某些接地导体的感应电荷.     

InP基高功率短波长量子级联激光器设计

阐述了InP基高功率短波长量子级联激光器(QCL)的设计原理和设计方案。从有源区设计模型出发,介绍了器件的理想和实际载流子传输路径,进而指出有源区设计的发展趋势和方法。根据器件的发展进程,综述了双声子共振设计,非共振抽取式设计,超强耦合设计,深阱设计,浅阱设计,短注入区设计等先进设计方案,这些设计方案使得QCL在低温下的电光转换效率在50%以上,最大室温连续输出功率超过3 W,而器件的特征温度T₀和T₁的最大值分别达到383 K和645 K。针对量子级联激光器的短波长高功率提供的先进设计方案扩大了QCL在民用与军用领域的应用前景,该设计方案亦可为其它波段量子级联激光器实现室温高功率的设计提供借鉴。