一维光栅的阿贝成像原理及空间滤波的研究

主要探讨了一维矩形光栅的阿贝成像原理及空间滤波问题的研究,分别从实验上对一维光栅在阿贝成像原理实验进行各种空间滤波,从理论上讨论了一维光栅的占空比以及各级衍射波对成像结果的影响情况。实验与理论结果完全符合,有利于深入理解阿贝成像原理及空间滤波。     

丝杠精度双频激光干涉测量中的阿贝误差实时补偿

提出一种利用双频激光干涉仪检测光栅刻划机分度丝杠的新型光路结构,推导出用于阿贝误差补偿的快速修正计算式,实现了丝杠测试过程中阿贝误差的实时修正,通过修正使不满足阿贝原则的测量系统获得了较高的测量精度。另外该方法还通过调整参考镜角锥棱镜消除了测量过程中丝杠轴向窜动引起的测量误差。实验结果表明,采用提出的方法在300mm的丝杠行程内修正的最大阿贝误差为1．39um,补偿后最大残差仅为0．48um,有效地提高了丝杠测量精度。     

傅里叶变换光学基本原理讲座 第四讲 阿贝成象原理与相衬显微镜

一、阿贝成象原理 一百多年前,德国人阿贝(Abbe,1874年)在蔡司光学公司任职期间研究如何提高显微镜的分辨本领问题时,提出了关于相干成象的一个新原理.现在看来,当初的阿贝成象原理已为现代变换光学中正在兴起的空间滤波和信息处理的概念奠定了基础.因为任何图象都可作傅里叶展开,最基本的图象是正弦光栅.下面我们就以正弦光栅为物,说明并论证阿贝成象原理. 如图4.1,用平行光照明傍轴小物ABC,使整个系统成为相干成象系统,象成于A’B’C’.如何看待这个系统的成象过程呢? 一种观点着眼于点的对应:物是点A、B、C等的集合,它们都是次波源,…     

阿贝－波特实验中光栅像的空间周期讨论

本文从空间频率滤波的傅里叶分析出发，讨论了阿贝－波特实验中的物为一维黑白光栅时，若在傅氏面上滤去±１级频谱，则输出像的空间周期与物光栅的空间周期相同，并进行了实验验证。     

偏晶向(111)硅片闪耀光栅的制作

硅光栅的制作可以利用湿法腐蚀体硅工艺.湿法腐蚀利用硅的各向异性,由硅的晶面形成光栅工作凹槽,利用湿法工艺可以制作在不同光谱波段内工作的闪耀光栅.设计了一种利用偏晶向(111)硅片制作闪耀光栅的方法,使用这种方法可以批量制作闪耀角度较小的光栅.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行了光栅表面形貌测试,试验结果表明,制作的硅光栅样片具有良好光学特性的反射表面和光栅槽形.硅闪耀光栅可以被用来制作微型光谱仪、滤光器等微型仪器或器件.     

利用阿贝成像原理制作低频全息光栅

依据阿贝成像原理,相干光照明下的物通过透镜成像,当频谱有所丢失时,像就不完全与物相似,由此使黑白光栅在相干光照明下通过透镜成像,在频谱面上设置光阑,仅让±1级衍射光通过,这样在像平面就得到全息光栅,通过改变成像横向放大率能够达到改变全息光栅的空间频率的目的.     

基于菲涅耳双棱镜分波前干涉装置的全息光栅制作实验

不同于传统全息光栅制作教学实验中的分振幅干涉光路,提出了利用准平行相干光源照射菲涅耳双棱镜实现分波前干涉制作全息光栅的方法.利用菲涅耳双棱镜分波前光路分别演示了单个双棱镜制作一维全息光栅和2个棱脊正交菲涅耳双棱镜制作二维全息光栅.实验过程中可通过多种方法对干涉条纹间距和光栅常量进行估算,丰富了干涉实验内容和光栅制作实验...     

一种新的长周期光纤光栅制作技术

长周期光纤光栅在光纤通信和光纤传感领域有着广泛的应用。目前制作长周期光纤光栅的方法存在着制作成本、光栅性能和制作过程复杂之间的矛盾。提出了一种新的长周期光纤光栅制作技术。以宽光谱紫外光源代替激光器来制作长周期光纤光栅。采用该项技术可以同时制作出多根具有良好光谱性能的长周期光纤光栅，使长周期光纤光栅的制作更加简单、经济、实用，特别适合于批量工业化生产。     

二维衍射光栅在彩虹全息中的应用

提出了将正交位相光栅和扇出光栅应用于制作彩虹全息图的方法,分析了正交位相光栅产生的多重全息像的位置和强度分布,给出制作扇出光栅的一种实用方法,并给出了实验结果。     

用布拉格光纤光栅制作啁啾光纤光栅

介绍了一种用布拉格光纤光栅制作啁啾光纤光栅的方法。采用氢氟酸腐蚀布拉格光纤光栅, 使光栅的横截面沿光栅轴向逐渐变小, 然后对光栅施加１．５０ Ｎ的拉力, 在光栅轴向建立应变梯度, 制作出长１５ ｍ ｍ 、峰值反射率达９２％ 、反射半高宽为５ ｎｍ 的啁啾光纤光栅。     

A new subdivision technique for grating based on CMOS microscopic imaging

We propose a new subdivision technique directly subdividing the grating stripe by using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microscopic imaging system combined with image processing. The corresponding optical system, subdivision principle, and image processing methods are illuminated. The relations of systemic resolution to subdivision number, grating period, magnifying power and tilt angle are theoretically discussed and experimentally checked on the Abbe comparator. The measurement precision for displacement of the proposed subdivision system is tested in the range of 5 mm and the maximum displacement error is less than 0.4μm. The factors contributing to the systemic error are also discussed.     

A Contribution to the Theory of the Interaction of Transient Radiation of a Charged Particle with Periodically Modulated Anisotropic Magnetodielectric Filling of a Waveguide

Refractive indices of new nonlinear optical materials based on 4-nitrophenol cocrystals with the aminopyridines 2-aminopyridine, 2,6-aminopyridine, and 4-aminopyridine have been studied. The refractive indices of the compounds under study are presented: n = 1.694 (optical microscopy) and 1.605 (Abbe method) for 2-aminopyridine-4-nitrophenol (2AP4N), n = 1.541 (optical microscopy) and 1.589 (Abbe method) for 2,6-diaminopyridine-4-nitrophenol (2,6DAP4N), and n = 1.561 (optical microscopy) and 1.591 (Abbe method) for 4-aminopyridine-4-nitrophenol (4AP4N).     

2m光栅线纹自动测量仪

描述一台能够对长在1m的线纹尺和长度达2m的光栅尺（和光栅线位移传感器）进行自动测量的激光干涉仪。干涉仪设计成双干涉光路系统，以消除光栅尺安装引入的阿贝误差。这台测量仪采用干涉条件计数原理，对光栅尺和线纹尺的线值精度进行检测，并能对光栅信号的质量进行评价。测量过程中，对空气折射率实现了实时修正。     

Polarization and Color Separator Using Binary Phase Grating with Subwavelength Period

A data projector using three liquid crystal display panels has a complex optical system. The illuminating optics separate the beam from a light source into three primary colors and separate those into opposite polarizations using multi-layer films and prisms. A reflection grating with the period of subwavelength has high diffraction efficiency for p polarized light and high regularly reflectance for s polarized light. The diffraction angle of a grating largely depends on the wavelength, because a diffractive optical element (DOE) has large chromatic dispersion. The grating with the period of subwavelength can separate the unpolarized light into polarization components effectively using its polarization dependency and can separate white light into color components using its chromatic dispersion simultaneously. The grating makes the optical system simpler and smaller than those with conventional devices. In this paper the efficiency of polarization separation for the grating is calculated by a rigorous analytical method. Next, the condition for color separation is calculated by Snell#x0027;s law, and an optical system using a grating that performs polarization and color separation is proposed. Experimental results of the DOE fabricated are well matched with those of this simulation.     

方形光阑限制高斯光束的传输变换

对基模高斯光束经方形光阑限制光学系统的光斑传输变换规律进行了论述．对于任一共轴光学系统,在不考虑有效光阑前面元件的衍射和变换时,考察入射光经有效光阑和其后面的元件发生衍射,根据柯林斯公式,对于非成像光学系统,采用稳相法得到出射光场的振幅分布;对于成像光学系统,根据像传递原理得到出射光场的振幅分布,最后得出出射光斑大小由有效光阑边长与光阑处高斯光束腰斑大小比较决定的结论．     

基于布儒斯特定律的分光仪测量玻璃折射率实验

光学材料折射率测量的常见方法有阿贝折射仪全反射法,分光仪最小偏向角法等.本文描述了运用布儒斯特定律在分光仪上测量折射率的新实验方法,并得到相关测量数据.     

光纤光栅的反射率特性

基于光纤光栅在光通信中的重要应用,根据耦合模理论数值模拟了波长在1.55μm附近时光纤光栅长度与反射率的关系,分析图形得到了在1.50μm到1.55μm之间出现较强的反射率,几乎接近100%,同时分析了折射率变化对反射率的影响,研究结果为光通信中无源光器件的制作提供理论依据。     

电磁场递推算法及微纳光学元件中的应用

提出一种电磁场递推算法来分析微纳光学元件体内电磁场的传输.该方法基于Maxwell方程组和电磁场横向的边界条件给出了严格解.以高斯光束在亚波长矩形浮雕光栅体内的传输为例,分析了非匀幅光束在微纳光学元件体内的传输. 关键词： 递推算法 非匀幅光束 微纳光学元件     

A new subdivision method for grating-based displacement sensor using imaging array

A new subdivision method for grating-based displacement sensor was proposed in the present study, which takes advantages of imaging array's high resolution and pixels’ good uniformity in the space. In this method, the magnified grating image is received by imaging array and grating pitch is directly subdivided by pixels, which is quite different from that moiré fringe is subdivided by complex subsequent circuits in moiré-type displacement sensor. The displacement is statistically calculated by using the whole grating image, which greatly eliminates the errors arising from illumination, electrical signals’ fluctuation, grating defect, and so on. Therefore, the subdivision method is easy to obtain signal with high signal-to-noise ratio, insensitive to some external factors, and able to attain high measurement precision with low cost. In this paper, the principle of subdivision method was illuminated, the systemic resolution was theoretically discussed, the measurement precision was experimentally checked, and the uncertainty of measurement was analyzed. The subdivision system consisted of the grating with 20-μm pitch and the CMOS image sensor with the pixels of 1280×1024 had the resolution of 0.04 μm, and the maximum displacement error was less than 0.4 μm, which has been tested in the Abbe comparator platform.