基于在线富集与原位衍生技术的植物组织中内源性油菜素甾醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法

油菜素甾醇是一类重要的植物激素,对植物的生长发育过程起显著调节作用。已报道的油菜素甾醇分析方法存在样品前处理过程复杂和灵敏度低等问题。本研究采用C18 PEEK管填充柱为富集柱,以4-N,N-二甲氨基苯硼酸为衍生试剂,搭建了基于双泵-双六通阀的在线管内固相微萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）联用系统,对油菜素甾醇进行在线富集和原位衍生,实现植物组织中内源性油菜素甾醇的自动化分析。该系统程序化地控制了油菜素甾醇的进样、萃取、衍生、分离和检测过程,有效简化前处理过程,节省人力;在线富集步骤实现了样品溶液大体积进样,提高样品利用率;原位衍生改善了油菜素甾醇电喷雾的离子化效率,使油菜素甾醇的电喷雾质谱检出限降低至pg/mL。该系统可在300 mg鲜重植物组织中检测到内源性油菜素甾醇,已成功用于水稻、油菜中多种油菜素甾醇的定量分析。     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究——Ⅻ.一个构成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物侧链的新方法

本文报道从猪去氧胆酸出发,通过呋喃负离子与22-甾醛的反应以构成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物侧链,获得了一个合成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物的关键中间体。     

新法构建25-羟基油菜甾体的侧链

油菜甾体例如油菜甾醇内酯(1a)和24-表油菜甾醇内酯(2a)是一族新型的甾体植物生长激素(植物生长调节剂).它们具有提高植物生长调节和应变的活性并具有农作物增产效果,已愈益受到国际上的广泛重视[1].     

甾体植物生长调节剂的研究——ⅩⅦ.高油菜甾醇内酯和(22_s,23_s)-22,23-表-高油菜甾醇内酯的新法合成

高油菜甾醇内酯(2)和(22s,23_s)-22,23-表-高油菜甾醇内酯(4)是以大豆固醇为原料经七步反应合成的,2和4的比例为1:5,2和4的总产率分别为4.7％和24.1％。合成的关键步骤是用高区域选择性反应造成B-高-7-氧-6-酮的结构单元。     

25,26,27-三失碳-B-高-7-氧-6-酮-5α-胆甾-3α,24-二醇的合成

本文报道以3α-羟基-6-羰基-5α-胆烷酸甲酯(3)为原料经六步反应合成了油菜甾醇类似物25,26,27-三失碳-B-高-7-氧-6-酮-5α-胆甾-3α,24-二醇(9a).总产率14%.9a的促进植物生长作用是24-表油菜甾醇内酯的60%.     

一种新的植物生长调节剂——油菜甾醇内酯

十多年前,美国农业部的科学家们从油菜花粉中分离出一种强生理活性物质,其粗品称为油菜素(braoins),精制后得高活性的结晶物,经波谱分析,该活性物为甾醇内酯,故称为油菜甾醇内酯(brassinolide)。油菜甾醇内酯的综述已有报道。本文着重介绍油菜甾醇内酯的来源、生理活性、合成方法、结构与活性的关系,以及应用试验等。     

甾体植物生长促进剂合成的研究VII: 从猪去氧胆酸合成Zα, 3α-双羟基-7-氧杂-6-酮-23,24-双失碳-B-高碳-5α-胆甾酸和2α, 3α-双羟基-7-氧杂-6-酮-24-失碳-B-高碳-5α-胆甾醇

从猪去氧胆酸经一系列化学反应制得两个油菜甾醇内酯类似物.2α, 3α-双羟基-7-氧-6-酮-23,24,-双失碳B-高碳-5α-胆烷酸和2α, 3α-双羟基-6-酮-24-失碳-B-高-7-氧-5α-胆烷酸.     

甾体植物生长调节剂的研究——ⅩⅩ.从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性合成26,27-双失碳油菜甾醇内酯和26,27-双失碳香蒲甾醇

本文报道从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性地构成26,27-双失碳油菜甾醇内酯的侧链。关键步骤是20-碳醛化合物3与2-锂-2-异丙基1,3-二噻烷4的高立体选择反应,同时报道了26,27-双失碳香蒲甾醇11的合成,它是新化合物,它的生物活性正在测定之中。     

3,5—环—6—甲氧基—孕甾—20（22）—烯立体选择性硼氢化反应的研究

3,5-环-6-甲氧基-孕甾-20S-22-醇1 是合成2的前体,而后者是合成高效植物激素油菜甾醇内酯3及其类似物的关键中间体.     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究 VIII: 3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成

油菜甾醇是以油菜花粉分离到的一种促进植物生长甾体, 能促进细胞生长和分裂,与已知植物生长的元素相比, 它具有广谱生物活性, 因此他可能在农业上有实际应用的价值.本文报道了3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成.     

Fragmentation investigation of brassinosteroid compounds by ion trap and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The fragmentation mechanisms of three types of brassinosteroids (BRs), 23,24‐tris‐epicastasterone, epicastasterone, tris–epicastasterone, 24‐epibrassinolide and 6‐deoxo‐24‐epicastasterone, have been extensively investigated by tandem mass spectrometry (MSⁿ, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with the assistance of high mass accuracy quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QToF MS). The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of these five BRs were comprehensively elucidated for the first time. Cleavages of side chains, neutral losses of water or other molecules and opening of a ring induce the main fragmentation patterns. The results from the present study can potentially afford important guidance for the structural elucidation of different BRs and provide some fundamental data for metabolomic analysis of BRs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南海佳丽鹿角珊瑚化学成分的研究(一)

从中国南海的一种石珊瑚一佳丽鹿角珊瑚（Acroporapuchro）的乙酸乙酯可溶部分获得两个有机化合物：正十六碳酸（Ⅰ）和（24S）－24-甲基胆甾醇（Ⅱ）。它们的结构是通过EIMS、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR和DEPT等实验分析确定的。其中纯的（24S）-24-甲基胆甾醇是首次从自然界大量获得。本文首次提供化合物（Ⅱ）的完整波谱数据。     

A new spiroketal steroid from Gorgonella umbraculum

A new spiroketal steroid (2) was isolated from the Indian Ocean gorgonian, Gorgonella umbraculum besides the known briarane diterpenoids, juncellin, umbraculides A and D. The new steroid was characterised as 22-acetoxy-3,25-dihydroxy-16-24,20-24-bisepoxy-(3beta, 16alpha, 20S, 22R, 24S)cholest-5-ene (2) by a study of its spectral data.     

Marine sterols—IV : Structure and synthesis of amuresterol,a new marine sterol with unprecedented side chain,from Asterias amurensis lütken

Amuresterol, a new marine C₂₇ sterol, was isolated from an asteroid Asterias amurensis, and its structure was confirmed as biogenetically unprecedented 22-trans-27-nor-(24S)-24-methylcholesta-7, 22-dien-3β-ol (1) from the spectral data and by synthesis. Gas-liquid chromatography indicated that 1 is a common sterol in six species of asteroids collected in Hokkaido.     

Measurement of 24-hr whole-body retention of 99mTc-MDP with a thyroid uptake probe (author's transl)

A new method for measurement of 24-hr whole-body retention (WBR) of 99mTc-MDP, using a thyroid uptake probe was established and its clinical significance was evaluated in various bone diseases. (1) Reproducibility of 24-hr WBR in 9 patients was very good. Correlation coefficient was 0.997 and coefficient of variability was only 1.83%. (2) Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-MDP was 97.8 +/- 0.7% (n = 5), indicating no significant inter-lot variations. (3) 24-hr WBR of normal adult males (n = 5) was 30.0 +/- 4.9%, which was significantly elevated compared to the reported 99mTc-HEDP WBR of 19.2 +/- 1.7%. Whole-body retentions of chronic renal failure, metastatic bone disease and hyperthyroidism groups were significantly elevated compared to that of the normal group. However, WBR of steroid-induced osteoporotic group was significantly decreased. Based on these results, this thyroid uptake probe method was simple, reproducible and accurate to measure 24-hr WBR of 99mTc-MDP. Quantification of WBR of 99mTc-MDP was of great clinical value to diagnose metabolic bone disease and to follow-up metabolic and metastatic bone diseases.     

Marine sterols—II : Asterosterol,a new C26 sterol from Asterias amurensis lütken

Asterosterol, a new marine C₂₆ sterol, was isolated from the asteroid, A. amurensis, and its structure was characterized as 22-trans-24-nor-5α-cholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (1). Episterol (9), 22-trans-(24R)-24-methylcholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (stellasterol, 3) and 22-trans-cholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (7) were also isolated and their structures were confirmed.     

C-24 stereochemistry of marine sterols: (22E)-24-(isopropenyl)-22-dehydrocholesterol and 24-isopropenylcholesterol

The C-24 configuration of (22E,24xi)-24-isopropenyl-22-dehydrocholesterol (1), which was recently isolated from the Colombian Caribbean sponge, Topsentia ophiraphidites, was investigated. Synthesis of the stereodefined (24R)- and (24S)-(22E)-24-isopropenyl-22-dehydrocholesterols (1a, 1b) followed by (1)H- and (13)C-NMR data comparison of these sterols established the (24R)-configuration of 1. In addition, (24R)- and (24S)-24-isopropenylcholesterols (2a and 2b) were also synthesized and their NMR data are provided. The C-24 configurations of the samples of 24-isopropenylcholesterol reported previously are discussed.     

Triterpene glycosides ofAstragalus and their genins. XXII. Cycloorbicoside A fromAstragalus orbiculatus

The quantitatively main glycoside — cycloorbicoside A — has been isolated from the epigeal parts of the plantAstragalus orbiculatus, and on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics its structure has been established as (23R,24S)-16β,23:16α,24-diepoxycycloartane-3β,7β,25-triol 3-0-β-D-xylopyranoside.     

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of brimonidine in aqueous humor of the eye and blood sera and relation of its levels with intraocular pressure

The aim of this study was the development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the determination of the levels of the selective alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine in aqueous humor of the eye and blood sera and their relation to its efficacy in reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP). Analysis of brimonidine was performed by capillary zone electrophoresis using 20 mM borate, pH 9.3, as operating buffer and detection at 255 nm. Brimonidine levels were determined in aqueous humor and blood sera from seven patients admitted for cataract extraction following ocular administration of the ophthalmic Alphagantrade mark solution. Levels of brimonidine and IOP values were recorded for a 24 h period. Alphagantrade mark administration resulted in a significant reduction of IOP, from within 30 min up to 4-5 h, whereafter a stepwise increase was recorded until 24 h, where mean IOP value returned to that before administration. The IOP reduction was related to the levels of brimonidine in aqueous humor, where maximal levels (80-100%) were obtained within 1-3 h. A 50% amount of the solution was determined after 4-5 h, whereas it reached the minimum level after 12 h. Serum levels reached maximum within 3-4 h, a 50% reduction was recorded in 12 h and minimum level in 24 h. It is concluded that brimonidine administration may significantly reduce IOP in patients when its level is maintained >/=50% of the maximum present in aqueous humor, i.e within a 4-6 h period. Since at this time the level of brimonidine in blood serum has reached maximum value, administration of brimonidine every 6 h may be used to obtain adequate brimonidine levels to maintain a constantly lowered IOP.     

Pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase adopted in thermometric analysis for enhancement of glucose determination

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In this study, a new Schiff base ligand [2-{[4-amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol, C22H24N4O5] and its...