一种新的基于稀疏表示的SVM人脸识别方法

提出基于稀疏表示的支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)人脸识别方法,首先将人脸图像通过稀疏表示出来,然后用SVM对稀疏表示的人脸图像进行多分类识别,利用所提出的方法对ORL人脸图像库进行仿真实验.仿真结果表明,该方法优于一般的主成份分析结合SVM人脸识别方法,同时比单纯的稀疏表示编码方法的效果要好.     

基于PCA-GA-SVM的火成岩分类方法研究

在地质科学中,正确的岩石分类有助于研究岩石的成因、形成条件、演化过程和工程设计等.由于地质条件的多样性、变异性及复杂性,人们很难对岩石样本进行准确的分类.通过主成分分析法(PCA)从影响火成岩分类的众多氧化物评价指标中提取出主成分,用遗传算法(GA)优化支持向量机参数,并采用支持向量机方法(SVM)对实际火成岩公开数据进行训练,建立了火成岩岩石分类的PCA-GA-SVM模型,同时结合火成岩实际数据将预测结果和基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法改进的BP神经网络模型(LM-BP)的预测结果做了比较.结果表明:基于PCA-GA-SVM模型得到的火成岩分类预测结果精度较LM-BP神经网络有很大的提高,与实际分类相符,有广泛的应用前景.     

基于PCA与NSSVR的人口老龄化研究

基于非线性光滑支持向量回归机研究了人口老龄化问题.首先介绍了非线性光滑支持向量回归机(NSSVR);其次,提出了人口老龄化影响体系,利用主成分分析(PCA),在体系基础上提取出对老龄化影响明显的9个指标;再次,通过非线性光滑支持向量回归机模型建立了老龄化率与9个影响指标间的相互关系;最后,用非线性光滑支持向量回归机模型对未来人口老龄率进行预测.实证表明,方法具有很好的预测效果.     

基于概率弹性匹配的多姿态人脸认证

为解决多姿态情况下的人脸认证问题,提出了基于概率弹性匹配的方法.首先从多尺度密集采样的图像中提取局部特征,并将局部区域的位置信息保存到特征向量中.然后用高斯混合模型在图像集中训练得到人脸特征的空间外观分布,并将人脸图像中的每一个局部区域表示成与其最相似的高斯分量,从而形成一个基于高斯混合模型表示的人脸特征.通过统计两个人脸特征向量的差向量来训练支撑向量机分类器从而实现多姿态人脸认证.在通用图像库中的实验验证了方法的有效性.     

基于高斯核支持向量机的商品期货市场套利研究

基于高斯RBF核支持向量机预测棉花商品期货主力和次主力合约协整关系的价差序列,确定最优SVM参数,并选择合适的开平仓阈值,进行同品种跨期套利.再与多项式核支持向量机套利结果对比,得到在所有开平仓阈值上,基于高斯RBF核支持向量机套利的收益率都明显高于多项式核支持向量机套利的收益率.     

主成分分析与支持向量机相结合的区域降水预测应用

将主成分分析和支持向量机回归相结合,以广西5、6月区域平均日降水量作为预报对象,进行区域日降水量预测研究.首先,整理分析大量的T213数值预报产品信息数据进行主成分分析,得到主成分数据序列;其次,根据主成分数据序列建立训练集训练支持向量机,并利用遗传算法优化参数;最后,输入支持向量机所需数据,得到主成分预测结果,建立广西日降水预报模型.实例计算结果表明,支持向量机回归模型比逐步回归模型有更好的预测能力.     

基于支持向量机的非侵入式负荷印记识别模型

基于非侵入式电力负荷检测与分解技术近年来得到广泛推广.选取14个稳态指标作为负荷特征,建立基于支持向量机(SVM)的非侵入式负荷印记识别模型,利用多分类支持向量机(multi-class SVM)的成对分类算法,对负荷印记进行了识别,随机抽取数据进行测试,结果表明方法能够更准确地识别负荷印记,说明所提出的模型和方法具有较高的有效性和正确性.     

基于PCA和改进的PSO-SVM的机器人移动方向分类

随着人们创新水平的不断提高,为了更加准确的实现机器人的导航任务,提出了一种基于改进的粒子群优化支持向量机中的参数的方法.首先利用主成分分析法对数据进行降维,然后利用改进的粒子群优化算法,对SVM中的惩罚参数c和核函数的参数g进行优化,最后代入到SVM中,以此来达到运用SVM对机器人的导航任务进行分类识别.相对于其他算法,容易发现改进的粒子群优化算法优化后的支持向量机可以达到很好的效果.这种识别分类可以帮助人们很好的对机器人进行导航,对今后机器人的研究具有很大的应用价值.     

基于支持向量机的神经元形态分类

针对神经元的空间几何形态特征分类问题以及神经元的生长预测问题进行了探讨.结合神经元的形态数据,分别建立了基于支持向量机的神经元形态分类模型、基于主成分分析和支持向量机的神经元分类模型以及基于遗传算法和RBF网络的神经元生长预测模型,在较合理的假设下,对各个模型进行求解,得到了较理想的结果.     

基于主成分分析的支持向量机模型对上海房价的预测研究

采用基于主成分分析的支持向量机方法对上海房价进行预测.首先利用主成分分析法对原始数据进行降维处理,然后利用具有高水平的小样本学习能力的支持向量机进行预测模型的建立,对上海房价进行预测.实证显示,经过主成分分析的支持向量机模型能够较好地处理复杂的房地产数据,具有较高的预测能力,为上海房地产业的发展提供参考.特别地,该模型可以普遍应用于影响因素众多,时效性较强的短期小样本数据问题的预测,具有较高的泛化能力和很好的预测精度.     

工件的释放时间和加工时间具有一致性的单机在线排序问题研究

工件的释放时间和加工时间具有一致性, 是指释放时间大的工件其加工时间不小于释放时间小的工件的加工时间, 即若$r_{i}\geq r_{j}$, 则$p_{i}\geq p_{j}$。本文在该一致性约束下, 研究最小化最大加权完工时间单机在线排序问题, 和最小化总加权完工时间单机在线排序问题, 并分别设计出$\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}$-竞争的最好可能在线算法。     

A Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithm for Growing Neural Gas in Face Recognition

In many classification applications and face recognition tasks, there exist unlabelled data available for training along with labelled samples. The use of unlabelled data can improve the performance of a classifier. In this paper, a semi-supervised growing neural gas is proposed for learning with such partly labelled datasets in face recognition applications. The classifier is first trained on the labelled data and then gradually unlabelled data is classified and added to the training data. The classifier is retrained; and so on. The proposed iterative algorithm conforms to the EM framework and is demonstrated, on both artificial and real datasets, to significantly boost the classification rate with the use of unlabelled data. The improvement is particularly great when the labelled dataset is small. Comparison with support vector machine classifiers is also given. The algorithm is computationally efficient and easy to implement.     

Classification Modulo Invariance,With Application to Face Recognition

This article presents techniques for constructing classifiers that combine statistical information from training data with tangent approximations to known transformations; it demonstrates the techniques by applying them to a face recognition task. Our approach is to build Bayes classifiers with approximate class-conditional probability densities for measured data. The high dimension of the measurements in modern classification problems such as speech or image recognition makes inferring probability densities from feasibly sized training datasets difficult. We address the difficulty by imposing severely simplifying assumptions and exploiting a priori information about transformations to which classification should be invariant. For the face recognition task, we used a five-parameter group of such transformations consisting of rotation, shifts, and scalings. On the face recognition task, a classifier based on our techniques has an error rate that is 20% lower than that of the best algorithm in a reference software distribution.     

稀疏表示及其在人脸识别中的应用

稀疏表示是近年来新兴的一种数据表示方法,是对人类大脑皮层编码机制的模拟。稀疏表示以其良好的鲁棒性、抗干扰能力、可解释性和判别性等优势,广泛应用于模式识别领域。基于稀疏表示的分类器在人脸识别领域取得了令人惊喜的成就,它将训练样本看成字典,寻求测试样本在字典下的最稀疏的表示,即用尽可能少的训练样本的线性组合来重构测试样本。但是经典的基于稀疏表示的分类器没有考虑训练样本的类别信息,以致被选中的训练样本来自许多类,不利于分类,因此基于组稀疏的分类器被提出。组稀疏方法考虑了训练样本的类别相似性,其目的是用尽可能少类别的训练样本来表示测试样本,然而这类方法的缺点是同类的训练样本或者同时被选中或者同时被丢弃。在实际中,人脸受到光照、表情、姿势甚至遮挡等因素的影响,样本之间关系比较复杂,因此最后介绍局部加权组结构稀疏表示方法。该方法尽量用来自于与测试样本相似的类的训练样本和来自测试样本邻域的训练样本来表示测试样本,以减轻不相关类的干扰,并使得表示更稀疏和更具判别性。     

Two-dimensional multiple maximum scatter difference method for face recognition

In this paper we propose a two-dimensional multiple maximum scatter difference (2DMMSD) method for face representation and recognition. The new algorithm is based on multiple maximum scatter difference (MMSD) discriminant criterion and image matrices projection technique. The 2DMMSD method does not need to transform image matrix into a vector prior to feature extraction so that it is computationally more efficient and accurate than MMSD in extracting the facial features. Experimental results on ORL and Yale face databases demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.     

Exploiting statistical properties of wavelet coefficient for face detection and recognition

Wavelet transforms (WT) are widely accepted as an essential tool for image processing and analysis. Image and video compression, image watermarking, content-base image retrieval, face recognition, texture analysis, and image feature extraction are all but few examples. It provides an alternative tool for short time analysis of quasi-stationary signals, such as speech and image signals, in contrast to the traditional short-time Fourier transform. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a special case of the WT, which provides a compact representation of a signal in the time and frequency domain. In particular, wavelet transforms are capable of representing smooth patterns as well anomalies (e.g. edges and sharp corners) in images. We are focusing here on using wavelet transforms statistical properties for facial feature detection, which allows us to extract the image facial feature/edges easily. Wavelet sub-bands segmentation method been developed and used to clean up the non-significant wavelet coefficients in wavelet sub-band (k) based on the (k-1) sub-band. Moreover, erosion which is considered as one of the fundamental operation in morphological image processing, been used to reduce the unwanted edges in certain directions. For face detection, face template profiles been built for both the face and the eyes for different wavelet sub-band levels to achieve better computational performance, these profiles used to match the extracted profiles from the wavelet domain of the input image using the Dynamic Time Warping technique DTW. The DTW smallest distance allows identifying the face and the eyes location. The performance of face features distances and ratio has been also tested for face verification purposes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Eigenimage-Based Facial Recognition Technique Using Gradient Covariance

In this paper, we propose a novel eigenface-based face recognition approach. First we describe a continuous model for facial feature extraction, involving the covariance operator associated with gradient of the 2-D image function. Then we provide a discretized version of this model. Face identification and verification procedures, using a supervised classification technique, are also proposed.     

基于方向多尺度变换和统计建模的纹理分类方法

纹理是图像分析和识别中经常使用的关键特征, 而小波变换则是图像纹理表示和分类中的常用工具. 然而, 基于小波变换的纹理分类方法常常忽略了小波低频子带信息, 并且无法提取图像纹理的块状奇异信息. 本文提出小波子带系数的局部能量直方图建模方法、轮廓波特征的Poisson 混合模型建模方法和基于轮廓波子带系数聚类的特征提取方法, 并将其应用于图像纹理分类上. 基于局部能量直方图的纹理分类方法解决了小波低频子带的建模难题, 基于Poisson 混合模型的纹理分类方法则首次将Poisson 混合模型用于轮廓子带特征的建模, 而基于轮廓波域聚类的纹理分类方法是一种快速的分类方法. 实验结果显示, 本文所提出的三类方法都超过了当前典型的纹理分类方法.     

Nonlinear fusion for face recognition using fuzzy integral

Face recognition based only on the visual spectrum is not accurate or robust enough to be used in uncontrolled environments. Recently, infrared (IR) imagery of human face is considered as a promising alternative to visible imagery due to its relative insensitive to illumination changes. However, IR has its own limitations. In order to fuse information from the two modalities to achieve better result, we propose a new fusion recognition scheme based on nonlinear decision fusion, using fuzzy integral to fuse the objective evidence supplied by each modality. The scheme also employs independent component analysis (ICA) for feature extraction and support vector machines (SVMs) for classification evidence. Recognition rate is used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Experimental results show the scheme improves recognition performance substantially.     

A novel method for iris feature extraction based on intersecting cortical model network

Iris recognition has received increasing attentions due to its distinct characteristics in recent years. An efficient approach for iris feature extraction plays a very important role in an iris recognition system. In this paper, we developed a novel method for iris feature extraction utilizing the Intersecting Cortical Model (ICM) network which is a simplified model of Pulse-Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) model. In our research, the normalized iris image was imported into an ICM network after enhancement processing. Then the third output pulse image produced by the ICM network was chosen as the iris code. In order to estimate the performance of our iris feature extraction method, an iris recognition platform is produced and the Hamming Distance between two iris codes is computed to measure the dissimilarity of them. The algorithm was tested on CASIA v1.0 iris image database and the results show that the ICM network has promising potential to extract iris textual features.