纳米金增强SPR检测产毒赭曲霉中PKS基因的特异性碱基

基于双通道表面等离子体子共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)传感器,分别采用直接法和金纳米粒子作为传感层的方法,通过检测赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)合成初期阶段表达的聚酮合成酶(polyketide synthase,PKS)基因的25个特异性碱基的寡核苷酸链,建立了一种高灵敏、间接检测OTA的新方法.同时考察了6-巯基己醇(6-mercapto-1-hexanol,MCH)作为封闭液对SPR响应信号的影响.结果表明,直接法的检测限为12.5 nmol/L,MCH的加入可使响应信号有所增强,使用金纳米粒子作为传感层的检测下限为0.25 nmol/L,与直接法相比较灵敏度提高了50倍,与以往使用金纳米粒子标记抗体或抗原相比,其作为传感层也能大大提高SPR检测灵敏度,且操作简单易行.     

基于贵金属纳米颗粒生长的比色传感研究进展

近年来,作为颜色标记和信号发生器的贵金属纳米粒子由于其简单性和实用性而被广泛用于比色测定和传感的研究当中。本文综述了近十年基于贵金属纳米粒子生长的比色传感器策略和应用的最新进展,总结了基于贵金属纳米颗粒生长的单色及多色传感器的传感原理、分类及前沿应用,探索了其比色传感的信号产生、分类和放大机制。由于贵金属纳米粒子在不同尺寸、距离、形状、成分等基底上的生长会产生不同的LSPR共振峰以及显著的传感信号变化,我们详细讨论了贵金属纳米粒子在金纳米棒等晶种基底上生长的比色传感。最后,我们对目前该比色传感面临的挑战和未来前景进行了展望。     

Polyelectrolyte‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Scaffold for the Sensing of Heparin and Protamine in Serum

We describe a shape‐controlled synthesis of polyelectrolyte‐functionalized flowerlike and polyhedral Au nanoparticles and the development of a nanoarchitectured platform for the selective and highly sensitive detection of protamine and heparin by voltammetric, impedimetric, and microgravimetric techniques. The functionalized Au nanoparticles were chemically synthesized in aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of the polyelectrolyte (either protamine or heparin). The charge on the polyelectrolyte controlled the shape and surface morphology of the nanoparticles. The negatively charged heparin‐functionalized Au nanoparticles have multiple branched flowerlike shapes with an average size of 50 nm, whereas the cationic protamine‐functionalized nanoparticles are of polyhedral shape with an average size of 25 nm. Both flowerlike and polyhedral nanoparticles have (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of a face‐centered cubic lattice of Au. Voltammetric, impedimetric, and microgravimetric sensing platforms based on functionalized Au nanoparticles have been developed for the sensing of heparin and protamine. The sensing platforms are developed by self‐assembling the functionalized nanoparticles on a thiol‐functionalized three‐dimensional silicate network. The microgravimetric sensing platform shows very high sensitivity and it can detect heparin and protamine at concentrations as low as 0.05 μg mL^?1. The selectivity of the sensing platform towards heparin was examined with potential interferents such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin‐4‐sulfate (CS). Both HA and CS did not interfere with the measurement of heparin. The practical application of the sensing platform was demonstrated by measuring the concentration of heparin and protamine in human serum samples. The sensing platform could successfully quantify the concentration of heparin and protamine in the real serum samples with excellent recovery. The sensing platform was robust and could be used for repeated measurement without compromising the sensitivity.     

Fluorescent nanoparticles for intracellular sensing: A review

Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), including semiconductor NPs (Quantum Dots), metal NPs, silica NPs, polymer NPs, etc., have been a major focus of research and development during the past decade. The fluorescent nanoparticles show unique chemical and optical properties, such as brighter fluorescence, higher photostability and higher biocompatibility, compared to classical fluorescent organic dyes. Moreover, the nanoparticles can also act as multivalent scaffolds for the realization of supramolecular assemblies, since their high surface to volume ratio allow distinct spatial domains to be functionalized, which can provide a versatile synthetic platform for the implementation of different sensing schemes. Their excellent properties make them one of the most useful tools that chemistry has supplied to biomedical research, enabling the intracellular monitoring of many different species for medical and biological purposes. In this review, we focus on the developments and analytical applications of fluorescent nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing within the intracellular environment. The review also points out the great potential of fluorescent NPs for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Finally, we also give an overview of the current methods for delivering of fluorescent NPs into cells, where critically examine the benefits and liabilities of each strategy.     

Preparation of porous α-Fe2O3-supported Pt and its sensing performance to volatile organic compounds

Porous α-Fe2O3 was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment of FeCl3 aqueous solution followed by a calcination process. In the synthesis of porous α-Fe2O3, no templates or pore-directing agents were used. The as-prepared porous α-Fe2O3 was further employed as a support for loading Pt nanoparticles. The gas sensing performance of the obtained porous α-Fe2O3-supported Pt to VOCs was investigated. The sensor presented a high response and fast response-recovery characteristic to several VOCs including acetone, ether, methanol, ethanol, butanol and hexanol. Meanwhile, it exhibited a much higher response than the pure α-Fe2O3 at the operating temperature of 260°C. The enhanced sensing properties may be related to the unique porous structure of the α-Fe2O3 support and the promoting effect of active Pt nanoparticles for the sensing reactions.     

Sensory Response and Two-Photon-Fluorescence Study of Regioregular Polythiophene Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of a regioregular and soluble polythiophene were fabricated by mini-emulsion technique. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by optical spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The fluorescence quenching of these fabricated nanoparticles with 2,4-dinitrotolune (DNT) in aqueous and organic solutions was investigated. Significant fluorescence quenching was observed. The Stern-Volmer constants were determined to be higher than that of the bulk polymer in solution, indicating that the nanoparticles provide better sensitivity in DNT sensing. Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence was measured from these nanoparticles.     

Application of Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

The unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles make them extremely suitable for designing new and improved sensing devices, especially electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Many kinds of nanoparticles, such as metal, oxide and semiconductor nanoparticles have been used for constructing electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and these nanoparticles play different roles in different sensing systems. The important functions provided by nanoparticles include the immobilization of biomolecules, the catalysis of electrochemical reactions, the enhancement of electron transfer between electrode surfaces and proteins, labeling of biomolecules and even acting as reactant. This minireview addresses recent advances in nanoparticle‐based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and summarizes the main functions of nanoparticles in these sensor systems.     

A unified view of propagating and localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors

The intense colors of noble metal nanoparticles have inspired artists and fascinated scientists for hundreds of years. In this review, we describe refractive index sensing platforms based on the tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of arrays of silver nanoparticles and of single nanoparticles. Specifically, the color associated with single nanoparticles and surface-confined nanoparticle arrays will be shown to be tunable and useful as platforms for chemical and biological sensing. Finally, the LSPR nanosensor will be compared to traditional, flat surface, propagating surface plasmon resonance sensors.     

α-Fe2O3负载Ag复合纳米材料的制备、表征和气敏性能

采用简单的FeCl3溶液水热方法, 结合焙烧处理合成了α-Fe2O3 纳米粉体; 以所制备的α-Fe2O3为载体负载Ag纳米粒子, 得到Ag/α-Fe2O3 复合纳米材料. 使用X射线衍射、 透射电子显微镜、 氮气吸附-脱附和X射线光电子能谱等对样品进行表征, 并考察了Ag/α-Fe2O3复合材料在260℃下对甲醇、 乙醇、 乙醚、 丙酮、 正丁醇和正己醇等挥发性有机物的气敏行为. 结果表明, Ag/α-Fe2O3传感器对这几种挥发性有机物展示了较高的灵敏度和快速、 可逆的响应-恢复特性; 与纯α-Fe2O3相比, Ag/α-Fe2O3复合材料的气敏性能显著提高, 这可能与该复合材料表面独特的多孔结构和活性Ag纳米粒子对敏感反应的催化作用有关.     

Chemical sensing and imaging with metallic nanorods

In this Feature Article, we examine recent advances in chemical analyte detection and optical imaging applications using gold and silver nanoparticles, with a primary focus on our own work. Noble metal nanoparticles have exciting physical and chemical properties that are entirely different from the bulk. For chemical sensing and imaging, the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles provide a wide range of opportunities, all of which ultimately arise from the collective oscillations of conduction band electrons ("plasmons") in response to external electromagnetic radiation. Nanorods have multiple plasmon bands compared to nanospheres. We identify four optical sensing and imaging modalities for metallic nanoparticles: (1) aggregation-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (2) local refractive index-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (3) inelastic (surface-enhanced Raman) light scattering; and (4) elastic (Rayleigh) light scattering. The surface chemistry of the nanoparticles must be tunable to create chemical specificity, and is a key requirement for successful sensing and imaging platforms.     

Electrochemical sensing of silver tags labelled DNA immobilized onto disposable graphite electrodes

An electrochemical approach for the improved electrochemical sensing of DNA was developed in this study based on the oxidation signals of silver and DNA base, guanine by using disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) electrodes. The easy surface modification of disposable electrodes PGEs with nucleic acids was performed by passive adsorption using amino linked DNA oligonucleotide attached onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Firstly, the microscopic characterization of silver nanoparticles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical behaviour of these NPs was studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Then, the overall performance of this novel electrochemical DNA sensing method based on these nanoparticles is studied and discussed in terms of optimum analytical conditions, such as; the effect of DNA concentration, NPs concentration and different buffer solutions, etc. in order to obtain silver and guanine oxidation signals in higher sensitivity and selectivity. The main features related with this electrochemical assay based on silver nanoparticles are discussed and compared with other assays reported in the literatures.     

基于磁性辅助的杂交链反应放大检测三磷酸腺苷

本文提出了一种基于磁性辅助的杂交链反应放大检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的传感策略。磁性纳米粒子表面易于修饰,而且操作方便,具有很好的分离效果,能够提高生物传感的选择性。首先,利用生物素与链霉亲和素之间的亲和力作用,将生物素标记的ATP核酸适配体连接到链霉亲和素修饰的磁性纳米粒子表面,加入与ATP核酸适配体互补的一段DNA进行杂交,通过磁性分离除去未杂交上的DNA,加入靶向ATP,ATP与其适配体特异性结合将适配体的互补链通过磁性分离出来,磁性分离出的信号DNA继续用于下一步的杂交链反应,将信号放大,最后利用氧化石墨烯(GO)对荧光的猝灭效应降低背景荧光,达到高灵敏度、高选择性检测靶向ATP。其中,ATP的最低检测浓度为0.1nmol/L。     

Highly sensitive biomolecule detection on a quartz crystal microbalance using gold nanoparticles as signal amplification probes.

We report here a novel strategy for the high-sensitive detection of target biomolecules with very low concentrations on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device using gold nanoparticles as signal enhancement probes. By employing a streptavidin-biotin interaction as a model system, we could prepare biotin-conjugated gold nanoparticles maintaining good dispersion and long-term stability by controlling the biotin density on the surface of gold nanoparticles that have been investigated by UV-vis spectra and AFM images. These results showed that 10 microM N-(6-[biotinamido]hexyl)-3'-(2'-pyridyldithio)propionamide (biotin-HPDP) was the critical concentration to prevent the nonspecific aggregation of gold nanoparticles in this system. For sensing streptavidin target molecules by QCM, biotinylated BSA was absorbed on the Au surface of the QCM electrode and subsequent coupling of the target streptavidin to the biotin in the sensing interface followed. Amplification of the sensing process was performed by the interaction of the target streptavidin on the sensing surface with gold nanoparticles modified with 10 microM biotin-HPDP. The biotinylated gold nanoparticles were used as signal amplification probes to improve the detection limit, which was 50 ng/ml, of the streptavidin detection system without signal enhancement, and the calibration curve determined for the net frequency changes showed good linearity over a wide range from 1 ng/ml to 10 microg/ml for the quantitative streptavidin target molecule analysis. In addition, the measured dissipation changes suggested that the layer of biotin-BSA adsorbed on the Au electrode and the streptavidin layer assembled on the biotin-BSA surface were highly compact and rigid. On the other hand, the structure formed by the biotinylated gold nanoparticles on the streptavidin layer was flexible and dissipative, being elongated outward from the sensing surface.     

Electrochemical Detection and Characterisation of Polymer Nanoparticles

We report the detection and characterisation of polymer nanoparticles using electrochemistry using poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) nanoparticles (PVK NPs) as a model system. These were synthesised using the reprecipitation method. The number of electrons (n=2) transferred per PVK monomer was characterised by drop‐casting method. Sticking and sensing experiments were then conducted, which involve PVK nanoparticle immobilisation on the electrode surface and subsequent oxidative sensing, to enable rapid detection of polymer nanoparticles in aqueous solution. It is shown for the first time, that using this “stick and sense” method, polymer nanoparticles in aqueous solution can be immobilised, preconcentrated and quantified.     

Multifunctional Receptor with Tunable Selectivity: A Comparative Recognition Profile of Organic Nanoparticles with Carbon Dots

The exponential growth in the research field of water pollution control demands the evolution of novel sensing materials for regulation and quantification of metals ions. Within this context, the current work reports a new strategy for the synthesis of carbon dots from the hydrothermal treatment of organic nanoparticles. The organic nanoparticles are found to be selective towards Cs(I) ions with a detection limit of 5.3 nM, whereas the highly fluorescent carbon dots are found to be selective towards Ag(I) ions with a detection limit of 4.8 nM. Both sensing systems illustrate rapid sensing with a working pH range from 4–9. The interfacial molecular restructuring of the sensing systems in the aqueous phase has been investigated in the absence and presence of targeted metal ions using a sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic tool. The practical applicability of the sensors was checked in environmental samples. This work opens new avenues for the exploration of temperature‐guided sensing modulation in nanomaterials.     

Highly Luminescent Colloidal Eu3+‐Doped KZnF3 Nanoparticles for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of CuII Ions

This article describes a green synthetic approach to prepare water dispersible perovskite‐type Eu³⁺‐doped KZnF₃ nanoparticles, carried out using environmentally friendly microwave irradiation at low temperature (85 °C) with water as a solvent. Incorporation of Eu³⁺ ions into the KZnF₃ matrix is confirmed by strong red emission upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are coated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), which enhances the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in hydrophilic solvents. The strong red emission from Eu³⁺ ions is selectively quenched upon addition of Cu^II ions, thus making the nanoparticles a potential Cu^II sensing material. This sensing ability is highly reversible by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with recovery of almost 90 % of the luminescence. If the nanoparticles are strongly attached to a positively charged surface, dipping the surface in a Cu^II solution leads to the quenching of Eu³⁺ luminescence, which can be recovered after dipping in an EDTA solution. This process can be repeated for more than five cycles with only a slight decrease in the sensing ability. In addition to sensing, the strong luminescence from Eu³⁺‐doped KZnF₃ nanoparticles could be used as a tool for bioimaging.     

Quantum dot/cyclodextrin supramolecular systems based on efficient molecular recognition and their use for sensing

A supramolecular system based on ketoprofen functionalised CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles and pyrene-modified β-CD was prepared and successfully used for molecular sensing of different analytes. In addition, a strategy for the individual recovery of all the components of the sensing assay is reported.     

Bimetallic nanoparticles as a novel chemiresistor coating

Here, we describe the chemiresistive sensing of some volatile organic compounds with a novel film of chemically synthesized Au–Pt bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The chemiresistive sensing properties were measured over a concentration range of 1.4–250 mg L^?1 for methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone vapours and the responses were compared with Au and Pt monometallic nanoparticles. It is observed that the sensitivity of bimetallic nanoparticles is increased about 60 % in exposure to methanol and ethanol vapours, but there are no changes in the sensitivity to the other tested vapours. In addition, the detection limit is improved about 80–100 % for all tested vapours in bimetallic nanoparticles compared to AuNPs and 20–30 % compared to PtNPs.     

Full-color tuning of surface plasmon resonance by compositional variation of Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes with sulfides

In the present study, we demonstrate the precise tuning of surface plasmon resonance over the full visible range by compositional variation of the nanoparticles. The addition of sulfide ions into the Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes generates stable Au@Ag/Ag(2)S core-shell nanoparticles at room temperature, and the plasmon extinction maximum shifts to the longer wavelength covering the entire visible range of 500-750 nm. Based on the optical property, the Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes are employed as a colorimetric sensing framework for sulfide detection in water. The detection limit is measured to be 10 ppb by UV-vis spectroscopy and 200 ppb by naked eyes. Such nanoparticles would be useful for decoration and sensing purposes, due to their precise color tunability and high stability.     

Laser-induced Synthesis of Ultrafine Gold Nanoparticles in Covalent Organic Frameworks

Metal nanoparticles in porous supports are of great importance for catalysis, separation and sensing, but their controllable preparation is still largely unmet. Herein, we describe a simple laser-induced synthesis of ultrafine gold nanoparticles in the covalent organic framework. Gold nanoparticles are well embedded, and they are about (1±0.1) nm in size. This work is universal for the preparation of well-dispersed and ultrafine metal nanoparticles in porous supports.