Unparticle searches through gamma–gamma scattering

We investigate the effects of unparticles on γγ→γγ scattering for the photon collider mode of the future multi-TeV e⁺e^- linear collider. We show the effects of unparticles on the differential, and total scattering cross sections for different polarization configurations. Considering 1-loop standard model background contributions from the charged fermions and W^± bosons to the cross section, we calculate the upper limits on the unparticle couplings λ₀ to the photons for various values of the scaling dimension d (1<d<2) at = 0.5–5 TeV.     

Prospects of squark and slepton searches at a gamma–gamma collider

We examine the prospects of detecting sfermions at a gamma–gamma collider. Once produced, a slepton can decay into a pair of quarks (jets) through R-parity violating interactions. Similarly, a squark may decay into a lepton–quark pair. Analyzing the corresponding Standard Model backgrounds, namely 4-jet and dilepton plus dijet final states respectively, we show that the sfermion can be detected almost right upto the kinematic limit and its mass determined to a fair degree of accuracy. Similar statements also hold for nonsupersymmetric leptoquarks and diquarks.     

Production of light fermion–antifermion pairs in \gamma\gamma collisions

The corrections to in the standard model are calculated for arbitrary light fermions f. The relevant analytical results are listed in a form that is appropriate for practical applications, and numerical results for integrated cross sections are discussed. The corresponding QED corrections are generally of the order of some per mille for arbitrary energies. The weak corrections to are negligible below the electroweak scale, reach the percent level at a few hundred GeV, and grow to about at 2 TeV. The weak corrections to and production have a shape similar to the one for , but they are larger by factors of about 1.4 and 3, respectively. Received: 18 December 1998 / Revised version: 1 March 1999 / Published online: 18 June 1999     

Cross-sections for low-energy πgamma; reactions

We review the cross-sections for low-energy π^-γ reactions in the framework of chiral perturbation theory. Charged-pion Compton scattering, π^-γ → π^-γ , is considered up to one-loop order where the pion's internal structure enters through the difference of the electric and magnetic pion polarizability, α_π - β_π . The ongoing COMPASS experiment aims at measuring this important structure constant with high statistics using the Primakoff effect. In the same way, the reaction π^-γ → π^-π⁰ serves as a test of the QCD chiral anomaly (via the γ3π -coupling constant F _γ3π . Furthermore, we calculate the total cross-sections for neutral and charged pion-pair production, π^-γ → π^-π⁰π⁰ and π^-γ → π^-π⁺π^- , which are governed by the chiral ππ -interaction. Finally, we investigate the radiative (correction) process π^-γ → π^-γγ and calculate the corresponding two-photon mass spectrum. This information will be useful for analyzing the π^- Primakoff scattering events with photons in the final state.     

Paul Villard's discovery of gamma rays – A centenary

It is shown how Paul Villard's chemical interests guided him in his studies of cathode rays, X rays and radium rays. His experiments in radioactivity led to the unexpected discovery of gamma rays in 1900.     

Probability of fade estimation for FSO links with time dispersion and turbulence modeled with the gamma–gamma or the I-K distribution

In this work, we study the influence of the time dispersion and atmospheric turbulence effects on the performance of a free space optical communication system, which is using longitudinal Gaussian pulses as information bit carriers. The scintillation effect, is modeled with the gamma–gamma or the I-K distribution, which, both, are suitable to emulate irradiance fluctuations due to weak to strong atmospheric turbulence conditions. Additionally, we estimate the influence of the time dispersion effect on chirped pulse's propagation. Taking into account these effects, closed form mathematical expressions for the evaluation of fade's probability of the wireless optical link, are derived. Additionally, the possibility of improving the availability results by choosing the appropriate link and pulse's parameter values is further investigated. Finally the numerical results from the derived mathematical expressions are presented.     

Average bit error rate of multi-hop parallel decode-and-forward-based FSO cooperative system with the max–min criterion under the gamma–gamma distribution

The average bit error rate(BER) performance of a free-space optical(FOS) system based on the multi-hop parallel decode-and-forward cooperative communication method with an M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation is studied systematically. With the max–min criterion as the best path selection scheme,the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the gamma–gamma distribution random variable signal-to-noise ratio are derived. The analytical BER expression is then obtained in terms of the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature rule. Monte Carlo simulation is also provided to confirm the validity of the presented average BER model.     

On a connection between formulas about q–gamma functions

In this short communication, we want to pay attention to a few wrong formulas which are unfortunately cited and used in a dozen papers afterwards. We prove that the provided relations and asymptotic expansion about the q-gamma function are not correct. This is illustrated by numerous concrete counterexamples. The error came from the wrong assumption about the existence of a parameter which does not depend on anything. Here, we apply a similar procedure and derive a correct formula for the q-gamma function.     

Lifetime measurements in $$^{182}\hbox {Pt}$$ using $$\gamma $$ – $$\gamma $$ fast-timing

The European Physical Journal A - In this paper, we discuss the evolution of breakup models from fully quantum mechanical, such as the Ichimura–Austern–Vincent model to semiclassical,...     

视觉估计显示器gamma在Internet网络上的应用

使用自行开发出的基于Web的gamma估计程序,分别通过Internet对CRT和LCD显示器在暗、微暗和办公环境三种观察环境下,进行了视觉估计显示器gamma精确度研究实验.实验得出:不同实验者估计偏差范围,对CRT和LCD显示器分别是0.13和0.20;估计与测量结果的平均误差范围,对CRT和LCD显示器分别是0.07和0.17;gamma估计基本与观察环境无关;观察视角对LCD显示器gamma值影响很大;显示器的"亮度"和"对比度"设置,不影响视觉估计结果.     

Electron–gamma perturbed angular correlation studies on high-TC superconductors

Recent results on the study of high-T_C superconductors using the e⁻–γperturbed angular correlation technique are presented. The basic features of the experimental equipment and its installation at the ISOLDE facility are briefly described. Results obtained from ^197mHg implanted into high quality Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_6+δ epitaxy thin films are presented and discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

视觉估计显示器gamma在Internet网络上的应用

使用自行开发出的基于Web的gamma估计程序,分别通过Internet对CRT和LCD显示器在暗、微暗和办公环境三种观察环境下,进行了视觉估计显示器gamma精确度研究实验.实验得出：不同实验者估计偏差范围,对CRT和LCD显示器分别是0.13和0.20|估计与测量结果的平均误差范围,对CRT和LCD显示器分别是0.07和0.17|gamma估计基本与观察环境无关|观察视角对LCD显示器gamma值影响很大|显示器的“亮度”和“对比度”设置,不影响视觉估计结果.     

New multi-phonon gamma vibrational bands in A∼110 neutron-rich nuclei

The high spin states of neutron-rich ¹⁰³Nb, ¹⁰⁷Tc and ¹⁰⁹Tc nuclei in A～110 region have been investigated by measuring prompt γ-γ-γ coincident measurements populated with the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. In ¹⁰³Nb, one-phonon K = 9/2 and two-phonon K = 13/2 γ-vibrational bands have been identified. In ¹⁰⁷Tc and ¹⁰⁹Tc, one-phonon K = 11/2 and two-phonon K = 15/2 γ-vibrational bands, in which the zero-phonon bands are based on K=7/2 excited states, have also been identified. The two-phonon bands are first observed in odd-Z nuclei. The characteristics for these band structures have been discussed.     

New multi-phonon gamma vibrational bands in A～110 neutron-rich nuclei

The high spin states of neutron-rich 103Nb, 107Tc and 109Tc nuclei in A~110 region have been investigated by measuring prompt γ-γ-γ coincident measurements populated with the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. In 103Nb, one-phonon K = 9/2 and two-phonon K = 13/2 γ-vibrational bands have been identified. In 107Tc and 109Tc, one-phonon K = 11/2 and two-phonon K = 15/2 γ-vibrational bands, in which the zero-phonon bands are based on K=7/2 excited states, have also been identified...     

Shielding of gamma radiation by hydrated Portland cement–lead pastes

Portland cement mixed with different percentages of granulated lead is studied as shields for gamma radiation. The samples are cured at 100% relative humidity for various time intervals. It is found that cement containing 5% lead has the higher attenuation coefficient value. The results are interpreted by study of the bulk density and the compressive strength of the pastes. The formation of more packed structure of tobermorite by lead addition is studied using the XRD analysis and the SEM micrographs.     

Optical properties of some modified plant compound after 662 keV gamma radiation

Plant-isolated compounds, Osthol [7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) coumarin], were subjected to modification in the isopentenyl side chain to get an aldehyde of 2-methyl-4 (7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)-but-2-en-1-al. This modified compound was exposed to γ-radiation produced by ¹³⁷Cs source at room temperature. Pre- and post-irradiation study was carried out by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The compound shows a sharp absorption peak at 322?nm. This observed absorption band decreases with irradiation up to a certain dose and then increases with a further increase in the radiation dose. This compound exhibits almost a linear response up to 7?Gy. From the optical data analysis, this compound follows indirect allowed transition and the optical gap was found around 3.58?eV. The systematic decrease in the band gap was found with an increase in the radiation dose. Urbach energy is also found to decrease with radiation. This parameter gives a clear indication of the defects and free radical created in the system after irradiation. The present features shown by this compound may be exploited as sensitive dosimeter in 0–7?Gy γ-radiation environment.