用低交换容量聚苯乙烯型强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱色谱分离中性氨基酸

通过磺化苯乙烯 -二乙烯苯共聚物或商品化的聚苯乙烯型强酸性阳离子交换树脂 ( 0 0 1× 7)的逆磺化反应 ,得到一系列不同交换容量的聚苯乙烯型强酸性阳离子交换树脂 .研究了丙氨酸和缬氨酸及缬氨酸和亮氨酸在这些树脂柱上的色谱分离 .结果表明 ,用两种方法得到的树脂对丙氨酸和缬氨酸的色谱分离性能基本相同 ;同时中性氨基酸与聚苯乙烯型强酸性阳离子交换树脂之间的作用包括离子作用和疏水作用 ,且二者之间存在协同作用 .树脂的交换容量较低时对中性氨基酸有更好的分离性能     

低浓度下离子交换树脂吸附氨基酸的机理

详细地研究了在低浓度下, 酸(碱)式或盐式强酸性阳离子和强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附氨基酸的机理·结果表明, 氨基酸通过离子交换、离子转移和物理吸附等三种机理被离子交换树脂吸附。     

有机酸在阴离子交换树脂上的保留行为及其机理

研究了有机酸在阴离子交换树脂上的保留行为。首次报道了有机酸在阴离子交换色谱过程中的“多峰现象”,即一种有机酸有两个或两个以上的色谱峰流出色谱柱。对这种“多峰现象”形成的机理进行了初步探讨,提出了有机酸离解后的不同价数阴离子在阴离子交换树脂上同时保留的机理。研究中还发现离解很弱的有机酸的保留行为不完全符合离子交换机理。     

用混合床离子色谱柱同时测定阴阳离子

将阴离子交换树脂和阳离子交换换树脂混合后填充在一根色谱柱中，即所谓阴阳离子混合床柱。研究了阴阳离子在此混合柱上的保留行为并探讨了其保留机理。     

低交换容量阳离子交换树脂的制备及离子色谱分离性能的考察

本文制备了用于离子色谱的大孔型和微孔型两类低交换容量阳离子交换树脂。考察了表面磺化反应条件(温度、时间)与交换容量之间的变化关系及具有各种交换容量的以上两种树脂在抑制型离子色谱上对Li~+、Na~+、NH_4~+、K~+四种一价阳离子的分离效果。实验结果表明:大孔型树脂对四种离子的分离效果优于微孔型,Li~+—Na~+两者的分离度为1.35。之外,文中还计算了具有不同交换容量的表面磺化树脂的磺化层厚度。     

用离子交换树脂脱除氨基酸与盐混合液中的盐

在用蛋白质酸性水解备氨基酸时,因中和残留的酸会使水解液中带入大量的盐。在进一步用离子交换色谱法分离混合氨基酸时,首先需脱掉其中的盐。本文用苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂的盐型柱,根据氨基酸与苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂之间既存在离子间的静电作用,又存在疏水作用,且二者之间存在协同作用,而盐在盐型苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱上不保留的原理,用水作为洗脱剂,使盐和氨基酸（配制的盐和氨基酸混合液及含盐的毛发水解液）得到分离,本方法脱除氨基酸中的盐简单易行,用水作为洗脱剂即廉价由不造成污染,盐型树脂不用再生即可用于下次运行,研究了各种条件对分离性能的影响。     

有机酸的离子色谱分析

有机酸的分析过去多采用气相色谱法,由于其强极性、部分有机酸的热不稳定性和吸附性,一般是在酯化后间接分析,十分费时。液相色谱的发展为有机酸的分析提供了有效的方法,特别是近几年来开发的离子色谱法显示了简便、快速和高灵敏度的独特优点。 Pohl依据离子排斥原理,用H~+型阳离子交换树脂分离柱,1mM HCl洗脱液和Ag~+型抑制柱分析有机酸,申请了专利,但由于抑制柱中生成AgCl沉淀堵塞柱子,使方法的应     

D072型树脂脱除过氧化氢中金属阳离子的工艺研究

实验考察D072型阳离子交换树脂在交换柱中脱除过氧化氢中微量金属阳离子的动态行为．通过改变料液流速、高径比、料液中交换离子浓度及料液组成等参数，绘制不同条件下的透过曲线，以此考察D072型树脂对过氧化氢中金属阳离子的动态交换性能，从而确定适宜的工艺条件，为工业化生产提供科学依据．     

阳离子交换树脂分离-铝试剂分光光度法测定土壤中铝形态

研究了铝试剂光度法测定土壤溶液中铝的最佳条件,着重探讨了共存离子,特别是土壤溶液中的无机离子和有机阴离子对测定铝的影响。采用阳离子交换树脂分离,建立了测定土壤溶液及天然水中铝形态方法。用该法可测定总反应性铝、总单核铝和稳定性单核铝。由总反应性铝减去总单核铝求得酸溶性铝。由总单核铝减去稳定单核铝求得不稳定单核铝。与阳离子树脂交换分离-邻苯二酚紫光度法进行了比较。结果表明：邻苯二酚紫光度法灵敏度较高,但铁的干扰较大。铝试剂光度法灵敏度略低,但铁的干扰较少。阳离子树脂交换分离-铝试剂光度法更适合于测定含铁量比较高的土壤溶液中的铝形态。     

合成乳酸正丁酯的主要催化剂述评

综述聚氯乙烯—三氯化铁树脂、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、氨基磺酸、甲基磺酸、维生素C、稀土化合物、硅胶固载硫酸钛、硫酸铁铵、硫酸氢钠、磁性固体超强酸、酸改性高岭土、杂多酸(盐)等数种不同催化剂催化合成乳酸正丁酯的实验结果.结果表明,强酸型阳离子交换树脂、硫酸氢钠、磁性固体超强酸、硅胶固载硫酸钛、活性炭固载杂多酸五种催化剂催化合成乳酸正丁酯的酯收率较高,具有实际使用价值.     

Elution Behaviour of Monocarboxylic Acids on a Cation-exchange Resin Column

The retention mechanism of monocarboxylic acids on a cation-exchange resin column was investigated. It was assumed that both Donnan membrane equilibrium and adsorption equilibrium were involved in the chromatographic process. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, an equation was derived for correlating distribution coefficient, Kd, dissociation constant, Aa, and adsorption equilibrium constant, K, of the analyzed acid. By this approach, retention data for some aliphatic acids under different operating conditions were predicted. Results are reasonably in agreement with experiment.     

莠去津分子印迹聚合物的合成及其吸附性能

以莠去津(1)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,在偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的引发下,于65℃聚合17 h合成了对1有特异识别性能的分子印迹聚合物(2)。用紫外分光光度法探索了1与MAA的最佳比例,研究了2的吸附性能力,并利用高效液相色谱法对2的选择性进行了考察。用Scatchard法分析表明,2通过氢键作用力结合,存在两种结合位点,对1的吸附存在两种形态,最大表观吸附量(Qmax,1)为130.9 nmol.g-1,平衡离解常数(Kd,1)为30.8 nmol.L-1,Qmax,2为540.5 nmol.g-1,Kd,2为450.5 nmol.L-1。与西玛津相比,2对1显示出一定的选择性。以2作为填料制备出具有莠去津分子印迹的固相萃取柱,可对水质中2×10-8mol.L-1以下的待测物进行富集和分离,回收率近90%。     

Effects of carboxyl groups on the adsorption behavior of low-molecular-weight substances on a stainless steel surface

The adsorption isotherms of various carboxylic acids and several amines on a stainless steel surface were taken as a function of pH and the ionic strength of the solution at 30 degrees C. In particular, the effect of the number of carboxyl groups on the adsorption behavior was investigated. Monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and n-butyric acid were reversibly adsorbed on the stainless steel particles and showed a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm, i.e., Q=KqmC/(1+KC), where Q and C are, respectively, the amount of adsorbate adsorbed and the equilibrium concentration in the bulk solution, qm, the maximum adsorbed amount, and K is the adsorption equilibrium constant. Carboxylic acids having plural carboxyl groups had much higher affinity to the surface and were adsorbed in both reversible and irreversible modes. The adsorption isotherms for the carboxylic acids having plural carboxyl groups could be expressed by a modified Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm, i.e., Q=q(irrev)+Kq(rev)C/(1+KC), where q(irrev) and q(rev) are, respectively, the maximum amounts adsorbed irreversibly and reversibly. The K and q(irrev) values increased with an increase in the number of carboxyl groups except for isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. On the basis of the pH dependencies of K, qm, q(irrev), and q(rev) as well as the surface properties of the stainless steel, both reversible and irreversible adsorptions were considered to occur through the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged carboxyl groups and the positively charged sites on the surface. The dependency of the q(irrev) value on ionic strength was discussed on the basis of the differences in their adsorbed state with the interaction forces to the surface and repulsive forces among the adsorbed molecules. The adsorption of amine components was quite weak. The RA-IR and molecular dynamics calculation were done to investigate the adsorption states of phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and mellitic acid.     

A Novel Model for Protein Immobilization on Microspheres

The immobilization of proteins, especially receptor proteins commonly used in high through-put screening of drugs (HTS), have received great attention in recent years. There are many successful isothermal models for describing the adsorption of protein onto solid surface, such as Langmuir model, Bi-Langmuir model, Fowler model, Freundlich model, Freundlich-Langmuir model and Tekmin model etc. In all these models, Langmuir model was the most favorable one model accepted by many researchers, but the experimental results showed that it was not entirely fit to all adsorption behaviors. So new models were required for describing protein adsorption onto microspheres in different conditions.In our research, a novel isothermal model, including Langmuir and other adsorbing behaviors was presented basing on the holding degree of surface active sites and the interaction styles of protein immobilization. In Langmuir model, the adsorbing amount of protein was described as [PS] =Km[P]/1 + K[P], where [PS] was the concentration of adsorbed protein, [P] was the concentration of freeprotein at equilibrium state, and Km and K was constant. According to the interactions of protein and ligands, there were three patterns in the interactions of protein and ligands. On the similar assumption that the interaction of protein and microspheres were three styles, and based on the definition of the holding degree of surface active sites (Y), three adsorption behaviors could be described as Y K[ P ]φ/ K[P]φ+1 or ln K + φ ln[P] =ln(Y/1-Y) in which [P] was the concentration of free protein at equilibrium state, and φ and K was constant. Different scale of φ presented different adsorption behaviors, especially when φ was 1, the adsorption behavior was Langmuir adsorbing model. Figure I indicated the different adsorbing results in different adsorption behaviors (φ＞1, φ＜1,and φ=1).     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid supramolecular recognition material and its selective adsorption for cesium

To separate Cs(I) from highly active liquid waste, a macroporous silica-based 25, 27-bis(iso-propyloxy)calix[4]arene-26,28-crown-6 (BiPCalix[4]C6) supramolecular recognition material, BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P, was synthesized and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and TG-DSC. The adsorption properties of BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P and a macroporous polymer-based supramolecular recognition composite, BiPCalix[4]C6/XAD-7, were compared. It was found that BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P exhibited better adsorption ability and faster adsorption dynamics than BiPCalix[4]C6/XAD-7. The adsorption isotherm of Cs(I) onto BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P was studied at 298 K and it was well described by Langmuir isotherm model. The complex composition between BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P and Cs(I) was determined as 1:1 type by investigating the effect of the concentrations of BiPCalix[4]C6, Cs(I), and H⁺ on the adsorption. Meanwhile, the selectivity of BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂–P towards Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Cs(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ru(III), Mo(VI), La(III), and Y(III) was investigated.     

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of chromium(III)-l-arginine complex by periodate

Oxidation of the chromium(III)-l-arginine complex [CrIII(L)2(H2O)2]+ by periodate has been investigated. In aqueous solutions, [CrIII(L)2(H2O)2]+ is oxidized by IO−4 according to the rate law: d[CrVI]/dt=k2K5[CrIII]T [IVII]T/1 +([H+]/K1)+K5[IVII]T where k2 is the rate constant for the electron transfer process, K1 the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of [CrIII(L)2- (H2O)2]+ to [CrIII(L)2(H2O)(OH)]+H+, and K5 the pre-equilibrium formation constant. Values of k2= 4.02×10−3s−1, K1=5.60×10−4m and K5=171m−1 were obtained at 30°C and I=0.2m. Thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated. It is proposed that electron transfer proceeds through an inner-sphere mechanism via coordination of IO−4 to chromium(III). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chromatographic elution profile of an analyte involved in reversible chemical reaction of the type A + B <--> AB

The chromatographic peak profile of the analyte involved in a chemical reaction of the type A + B <--> AB is considered using method of the apparent adsorption isotherm. The apparent isotherms derived are nonlinear even under assumption of Henry isotherms of individual solutes. Nonlinearity of apparent adsorption isotherm results in peak distortion. The resulted chromatographic peak profile depends on several factors such as the equilibrium constant K(mob) and Henry constants of the solutes. Simulated peak profiles of solutes involved in the chemical reaction are presented as illustration of influence of various factors.     

添加剂对化学沉积速率的影响

基于化学镀Ni-W-P和Ni-P体系中,添加剂LaCl3、乳酸、Fe2(SO4)3、硫脲和2,2’-联吡啶的浓度对沉积速率的影响表现出较为一致的变化规律,即随添加剂浓度的增加,出现最大沉积速率的实验事实,建立了一种吸附模型并导出添加剂加速化学沉积的公式.根据该公式和实验结果进行曲线拟合,得到相当吻合的结果.由拟合结果可得到一些参数值,如吸附平衡常数等.添加剂在基体上的吸附平衡常数(K1)大于已吸附了还原剂的表面上的吸附平衡常数(K2). K1值大表明添加剂在基体表面吸附能力更强. LaCl3、硫脲和2,2’-联吡啶的K1、K2值远大于乳酸、Fe2(SO4)3的K1、K2值,这表明LaCl3、硫脲和2,2’-联吡啶的吸附能力远强于乳酸、Fe2(SO4)3的, 因此,LaCl3、硫脲和2,2’-联吡啶所引起的沉积速率峰值的浓度远小于乳酸、Fe2(SO4)3的.     

A型沸石/活性炭复合材料的制备及甲烷/氮气吸附分离性能

以沥青和煤矸石为原料,经炭化、活化后获得型体活性炭材料(AC),并在此基础上进行水热晶化,研究晶化时间对复合材料中4A沸石的形成、孔结构和甲烷、氮气吸附性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、77 K下的氮气吸附-脱附以及273 K下的CO_2吸附等温线对样品进行表征,结果表明水热晶化后,复合材料中的硅铝形成立方结构的4A沸石,出现了0.45~0.6 nm的微孔,微孔孔容增加,并伴有少量的中孔和大孔。复合材料在298 K下的甲烷(CH_4)和氮气(N_2)吸附等温线的结果表明,晶化时间6 h的复合材料AC-2的甲烷吸附量被提高至10.8 m L/g,并保持较高的CH4/N2平衡分离比(3.7)。