零ODP的中高温热泵工质HTR04实验研究

本文综合考虑了环保和中高温水源热泵对制冷剂的特殊要求,通过研究工质的热物理性质、材料相容性、油溶性,研发了一种臭氧层破坏潜能(ODP)为零的非共沸中高温热泵混合工质HTR04,并在中高温水源热泵试验台机组上进行了新工质的热工性能试验.实验结果表明该工质能够稳定产生80℃的热水,且有较高的性能系数,可与R134a压缩机兼容.该工质的实际工程应用前景良好.     

中高温热泵工质及试台研究

本文介绍了作者自行搭建的中高温水源热泵机组试验台,以及在此装置上对新的中高温环保工质HTR01的试验 研究。试验台的特点是利用自然平衡压力点,设计了冷热混水系统,达到即节能又易于控制的目的。通过对新工质HTR01 的大量热工性能试验,以及对试验结果的误差和性能分析,为中高温水源热泵大型样机的设计提供了基础。     

中高温工质在蒸发器中的换热模拟分析

本文采用分布参数的方法,建立了水源热泵中普遍采用的壳管式蒸发器稳态数学模型.通过中高温水源热泵试验台的实验数据同模拟计算结果的对比,验证了数学模型的准确性。应用此数学模型对中高温工质HTR01、HTR02及R134a在蒸发器典型制热运行工况,进行了模拟计算。得出了三种工质制冷剂侧换热系数沿管长的变化关系并对三种工质的换热性能进行了对比分析,为采用中高温工质的水源热泵换热器设计提供了参考依据.     

低温水源复叠式高温热泵系统特性模拟研究

低温水源复叠式高温热泵系统可以有效利用低温水源,稳定制取80℃高温热水。利用C语言建立工质热物性、系统主要部件以及整个热泵系统数学模型。通过分别调节低温水源温度、低温水源流量及低温级压缩机频率三种模式发现模拟值与实验数据对比最大误差不超过4%。另外研究了低温水源温度及低温水源流量对系统性能的影响。     

新工质基础物性参数推算和中高温热泵工质研究

1前言在供暖和干燥等领域，冷凝温度在80”C左右的热泵装置有广泛的应用。冷凝温度80N100OC这一范围可认为属中高温热泵范畴山，Rll4是一种传统的中高温热泵工质，其ODP（臭氧层消耗潜能）为0的替代物研究正在逐步展开，其中Bare门介绍并分析了冷凝温度低于60”C时的替代工质研究情况；Devotta等问选取了七种有实测数据的工质，取冷凝温度为100“C进行了循环性能计算。本文主要进行两项工作：一是建立新工质基础物性参数（标准沸点兀、临界温度C和临界压力只）的推算方法，为研究开发热泵工质提供基础；二是对有可能得到中高温热泵新…     

高温除湿干燥机的试验研究

本文介绍了作者自行设计的高温除湿干燥机,以及在工业木材干燥过程中的试验研究。该除湿干燥机的特点是利用清华大学研制的高温环保工质HTR01,配合R22压缩机组成热泵循环,达到提高除湿机出口风温,能够与常规蒸汽干燥窑干燥工艺相匹配的目的．通过对该高温除湿机的大量热工性能试验,以及对试验结果的性能分析,为设备的改进与性能的提高提供了基础．     

活塞式与涡旋式压缩机用于中高温热泵的性能

对两台常温热泵压缩机—开启式活塞式压缩机和全封闭涡旋式压缩机进行了中高温热泵工况、中高温热泵工质下的性能实验研究。实验工况范围为冷凝温度75~95℃、循环温升35~45℃,实验工质为HFC245fa。结果表明,两台压缩机的排气温度均在允许范围内,两台压缩机的综合效率值与各自在常温热泵工况、原设计工质下的综合效率值相比无明显降低。     

以ZHR02为制冷剂的中高温热泵实验研究

中高温热泵混合工质ZHR02在油溶性、热物性、材料相容性、环保指标等方面的综合性能优越,为中高温热泵新型工质。文中设计了中高温热泵机组,选取ZHR02作为制冷剂进行了中高温热泵实验研究。研究表明,机组在名义工况下能够稳定生产70℃左右的热水,COP达4.3。     

混合工质高温水源热泵计算机模拟

针对高温混合工质热水热泵,本文提出了纯质及混合工质的热泵模拟程序;本程序详细考虑了混合工质纯传递特性对换热的影响,在只输入热泵系统结构参数以及外部换热参数的条件下,应用本程序能进行热泵系统冷热水温度、换热器温度场、制冷制热量及系统的性能参数计算。     

一种中高温热泵混合工质的实验研究

提出了一种适用于90-110℃冷凝温度范围的HFC类中高温热泵非共沸混合工质,其理论循环性能优于CFC114,实测COP为纯工质HFC245fa的97.2%-130.6%、制热量高于HFC245fa。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.