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石油沥青质在烃中的稳定性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石油是以沥青质为分散相的非水胶体体系[1,2 ] 。研究认为 ,石油中沥青质的沉淀和絮凝 ,对石油开采及输送有十分重要的影响 [3]。提高沥青质在石油中的胶体稳定性 ,可强化石油加工过程中的重油减压蒸馏、催化裂化、减粘裂化及延迟焦化等过程[1,2 ] ,是提高炼厂轻质油收率、改善产品质量、提高综合经济效益的重要途径。国外关于沥青质在烃类介质中的稳定性研究报道较多 ,大多侧重于胶质对沥青质的稳定作用。由于胶质和沥青质均为由多种复杂结构分子组成的混和物 ,探讨胶质对沥青质的稳定机理极端困难 ,Chia-Lu Chang[4 ]等定量讨论了沥青质… 相似文献
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1 前言固体的比表面积是一个重要的物理化学参数.在石油开采中,液-固或气-固的相互作用对采收率有极大的影响.油砂的比表面是油藏工程设计的重要参数.油砂的主要成份为各种金属氧化物的混合物,如能准确测定各氧化物的比表面,则应能准确测定油砂的比表面。常用的固体比表面测定方法有多种,由浸润热或吸附热求算固体的比表面的量热法也经常运用.Groszey认为金属或金属氧化物粉末从稀正丁醇/正庚烷溶液中吸附 相似文献
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阿尔伯塔的油砂资源日益成为北美重要的战略性能源供给.本实验室通过采用碱性条件下在高岭土表面上组装菱沸石的方法,合成了新型的菱沸石-粘土复合材料,并证明此复合材料是比菱沸石更好的油砂沥青精制剂.XRD,SEM,TEM,N2物理吸附和XPS表面元素分析结果表明,菱沸石-粘土复合材料具有大体积烃类分子可及的独特的外表面,该复合材料不仅可降低油砂沥青的裂解反应温度,同时还可大幅度脱除沥青中的硫、氮、镍和钒等杂质. 相似文献
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青海油砂矿的物理化学特性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
油砂矿的物理、化学性质是其开发利用的关键因素之一 ;作者利用多种分析手段 ,揭示了青海出露油砂的特殊有机物化学组成与分布及其物理性质 ,其轻质组分含量很高 ,饱和烃含量高达近一半 ,而胶质、沥青质重组分含量低 (<38 % ) ,H和C原子比甚高 ,直链烷烃分布规整 ,主要集中在C19~C37 范围 ,物理参数处在普通重油范围内 ;该种物理、化学性质独特的出露油砂在全球为首次发现 ,是青海油砂矿特殊的地理地质环境所造成的 ,作者建议其开采宜采用钻井采油和露天开采依次进行的新组合方法 相似文献
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本文作者在不同溫度、不同空間速度的條件下,進行了合成油八碳寬餾分在鉻催化劑(K_2O-Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3)上的轉化,探索了生成各種二甲苯異構物及乙基苯的較好條件。實驗證明,這種由中國科學院石油研究所用於合成油七碳餾分芳烴化的鉻催化劑對八碳寬餾分芳烴化反應的活性是很高的。 相似文献
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稠油水热裂解可行性的研究 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
随着我国石油需求的增长 ,我国的稀油油田已进入开采后期 ,稠油的开采越来越引起石油工业界的高度重视。可以预见 ,稠油与天然气及其他新能源将成为二十一世纪世界各国寄予希望的主要能源。但目前大多数油田的采收率不超过 5 0 %。重质原油 (即稠油 )的开采比轻油困难得多 ,开采费用更高 ,并且需要更高的开采技术。原油变重的趋势已经很明显 ,大量开采那些难于动用的、投资费用较高的稠油已成为必然[1 ] 。因此有必要研究一种低成本 ,高收率的稠油开采新技术。利用稠油与水蒸汽之间发生的水热裂解反应 ,开发或筛选出适用的水热裂解催化剂 ,… 相似文献
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橄榄石基固体热载体影响褐煤热解产物分布的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了提高固体热载体煤热解工艺中焦油的品质,降低焦油中沸点大于360 ℃的重质组分含量,本实验采用固定床反应器,在450~600 ℃下进行褐煤固体热载体快速热解反应.分析对比了橄榄石基和石英砂固体热载体对褐煤热解产物收率、焦油馏分、气体组成的影响.结果发现,Co能改变煤内部挥发分氢元素的分布,橄榄石负载Co热载体能将焦油中重质组分转化为轻质焦油和热解气.热解温度为550 ℃时,与橄榄石相比,负载Co的橄榄石固体热载体使焦油收率提高了19.2%.与石英砂相比,负载Co的橄榄石固体热载体使焦油中重质组分含量降低了17.0%,轻质组分收率达5.1%,其中,轻油、酚油和萘油分别提高了19.6%、17%和15.2%,气体产物中H2、CH4含量下降. 相似文献
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加拿大合成原油瓦斯油裂解反应规律与产物生成机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用小型固定流化床实验装置研究了加拿大合成原油重瓦斯油(HGO)和轻瓦斯油(LGO)的催化裂解性能和热裂解性能。HGO和LGO催化裂解总低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)产率在660℃附近达到最大值,分别为33.8%和35.6%。HGO和LGO热裂解反应程度很大,700℃的转化率分别为66.7%和76.3%。HGO热裂解总低碳烯烃的产率在680℃达到最大值27.9%。通过对比分析催化裂解与热裂解气体产物产率的比值发现,催化剂的加入促进了乙烯和液化气的生成,同时抑制了甲烷和乙烷的生成。研究结果揭示了小分子烃类的生成机理,甲烷和乙烷主要是自由基反应的产物,乙烯和液化气是自由基反应和正碳离子反应的共同产物。 相似文献
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利用热重、固定床热解和红外光谱技术研究煤直接液化残渣的热解特性及热解产物分布、组成和性质,考察了热解回收油品的适用条件。结果表明,450℃~500℃下神华煤液化残渣(SHR)和胜利煤液化残渣(SLR)热解油产率分别约为32%和20%,450℃后升高温度对油产率影响不大,但会使热解油中沥青烯(A)含量增加。SHR的热解油主要是己烷可溶物组分(HS),与SHR中HS结构相似。但SLR的热解油中A组分含量接近50%。SHR中的HS组分在热解时的聚合并不明显;而SLR中的HS组分在热解过程中伴随明显的聚合,导致热解油中含有大量的沥青烯。在400℃~500℃,两种残渣中A均有向热解油转化的趋势,而且SLR中A组分表现出了较大的逸出能力。但从热解产物组成分布分析,A的逸出还是少量的,一部分分解产生油品,一部分与前沥青烯和四氢呋喃不溶物(THFIS)一起形成了半焦。 相似文献
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Polypropylene was cracked thermally and catalytically in the presence of kaoline and silica alumina in a semi batch reactor in the temperature range 400℃~550℃ in order to obtain suitable liquid fuels.The dependencies between process temperatures,types of catalyst,feed compositions and product yields of the obtained fuel fractions were found.It was observed that up to 450℃ thermal cracking temperature,the major product of pyrolysis was liquid oil and the major product at other higher temperatures(475℃~550℃) ... 相似文献
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Xiaofang Zhang Li Dong Juwei Zhang Yajun Tian Guangwen Xu 《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2011,91(1):241-250
Simulating the conditions of pyrolytic topping in a fluidized bed reactor integrated into a CFB boiler, the study was devoted to the reaction fundamentals of coal pyrolysis in terms of the production characteristics of pyrolysis oil in fluidized bed reactors, including pyrolysis oil yield, required reaction time and the chemical species presented in the pyrolysis oil. The results demonstrated that the maximal pyrolysis oil yield occurred on conditions of 873 K, with a reaction time of 3 min and in a reaction atmosphere gas simulating the composition of pyrolysis gas. Adding H2 and CO2 into the reaction atmosphere decreased the pyrolysis oil yield, while the oil yield increased with increasing the CO and CH4 contents in the atmosphere. TG-FTIR analysis was conducted to reveal the effects of reaction atmosphere on the chemical species present in the pyrolysis oil. The results clarified that the pyrolysis oil yield reached its maximum when the simulated pyrolysis gas was the reaction atmosphere, but there were slightly fewer volatile matters in the pyrolysis oil than the oil generated in the N2 atmosphere. All of these results are expected not only to reveal the composition characteristics of the pyrolysis oil from different conditions of the coal topping process but also to optimize the pyrolysis conditions in terms of maximizing the light pyrolysis oil yield and quality. 相似文献
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在内构件(传热板和中心集气管)外热式固定床反应器中研究了油页岩热解产物生成特性,并与无内构件的相同常规固定床反应器内的油页岩热解行为对比,考察了两反应器中油页岩升温特性、热解产物分布、页岩油品质以及气体产物组成的变化规律.结果表明,内置传热板和中心集气管显著强化了反应器内的传热,相对于无内构件常规固定床反应器,料层升温速率提高了约2倍.对于依兰油页岩,其热解页岩油产率明显提高,最高达11.1 wt%(干燥基),明显高于无构件常规固定床反应器获得的页岩油产率.随着外加热炉温度的升高,内构件固定床反应器的页岩油产率逐渐增加,而无内构件常规固定床反应器的页岩油产率则明显降低.当外加热炉温度为1000℃时,前者页岩油产率是后者的2.3倍,并且内构件固定床反应器的热解水产率较低.两反应器中热解气产物组成相近,其H2与CH4之和占气体总量的70 vol%左右,热值为4406~5400 kcal/Nm3. 相似文献
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《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2009,86(1-2):151-154
This study presents the characterization of pyrolysis oil obtained from linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) produced by slow pyrolysis in the maximum yield. The pyrolysis oil was analyzed to determine its elemental composition and calorific value. The chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil and fractions were investigated using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, IR, and GC). The chemical class composition of the oil was determined by liquid column chromatographic fractionation. The oil was separated into pentane soluble and insoluble fractions by using pentane. The column was eluted successively with n-pentane, toluene and methanol to yield aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions, respectively. The results of the adsorption chromatography of the oil showed that the pyrolysis oil consists of 88 wt% n-pentane soluble. The aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions of oils obtained in slow pyrolysis are 30, 34, 36 wt%, respectively. The aliphatic and aromatic subtraction make up ∼64 wt% in slow pyrolysis oil. This seems to be more appropriate for the production of hydrocarbons and chemicals. 相似文献
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《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2009,86(1-2):497-501
This work deals with thermochemical conversion of peat into solvent-soluble oil and volatile gaseous products by using pyrolysis and catalytical hydrocracking methods. Distribution of liquid compounds between solubilized in water, benzene, and in acetone was determined and as a result the oil yield as total solubles was calculated. Chromatographic and FTIR-spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the composition of conversion products. Investigation of peat pyrolysis regularities in comparison with those of oil shale by using Rock-Eval analysis demonstrated essential differences between peat and oil shale as pyrolysis feedstock. As a result of hydrocracking the total oil yield was increased more than twice compared with that of semicoking, 29.8 and 13%, respectively. Hydrocracking and semicoking led to significant deoxygenation of oil and solid residual conversion products via oxygen removal as carbon dioxide and water. Hydroxyl-, carboxyl-, carbonyl- and other oxygen functionalities in peat initial matter being hydrocracked and modified, the oil was characterized by elevated hydrocarbon content and decreased that of polar oxygen compounds. As the oxygen content of the product decreases, the energy content significantly increases and peat oil, particularly its hydrophobic fractions, can be used for synthetic liquid fuel. 相似文献
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基于Fe负载的HZSM催化热解制备生物油实验研究 《燃料化学学报》2016,44(5):540-547
通过离子交换法制备含2%Fe(质量分数)的HZSM-5催化剂,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪以及比表面积及孔径分析仪对催化剂进行表征,并在550℃下进行木屑的催化热解实验。对无催化剂和不同比例催化剂条件下得到的生物油进行GC-MS分析,结果表明,在Fe负载的HZSM-5作用下,生物油产率明显升高(最大增幅7%),轻质组分产率明显升高,重质组分产率略微升高。同时,轻质组分中的酮类、呋喃等含氧化合物含量降低,酚类、酸含量升高;重质组分中的酮类、呋喃类等含氧化合物含量明显降低,酚类、萘类含量明显增多。Fe负载的HZSM-5催化剂对木屑的热解反应有较好的催化效果,加强了对热解初始蒸汽的择形修饰,从而抑制了生物质三组分木质素初始热解产物中的醌类等容易一次或二次结焦物质的生成,孔道结构对蒸汽的二次反应被抑制,产物向较小分子的轻质产物上富集。 相似文献