微波水热改性制备S2 /Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及催化性能

对共沉淀法得到的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物前驱物进行微波水热改性处理，经浸渍（NH4）2S2O8后再焙烧得S2O8^2-／Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂。用XRD、TEM、N2气吸附／脱附及化学分析方法对其进行了表征，用乙酸／丁醇酯化催化反应评估固体酸的催化性能，并与通常条件下制得的催化剂进行了比较。结果显示，引入SiO2会延迟Fe2O3晶体的形成与长大；对前驱物用250W的微波水热改性处理1．5h，制得的固体酸具有适中的比表面积、均匀的孔径分布，含硫量为6．02％，比表面积为37．1m^2／g。该固体酸对乙酸丁醇酯化反应有很高的催化活性，催化酯化反应3h，乙酸的转化率高达97．7％。     

硬脂酸法制备SO42-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及其催化性能的初步探讨

首次用硬脂酸法制备了Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物,经浸渍H2SO4后再焙烧得SO2-4/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂.用TEM,XRD,N2吸附/脱附和TG-DTA等手段对其进行了表征,结果显示制得的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物具有多孔结构.且随着Si含量的增大,其比表面积明显增大,但孔径减小.用乙酸/丁醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能.     

硬脂酸法制备SO42-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及其催化性能的初步探讨

首次用硬脂法制备了Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物,经浸渍H2SO4后再焙烧得SO4^2-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂。用TEM,XRD,N2吸附/脱附和TG-DTA等手段对其进行了表征,结果显示制得的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物具有多孔结构,且随着Si含量的增大,其比表面积明显增大,但孔径减小。用乙酸/丁醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能。     

新型高效乙酸丁酯合成固体酸催化剂及其反应工艺

酯化反应是精细化学工业中极为重要的一类反应 ,目前工业上均在硫酸液相催化下直接酯化制取。硫酸腐蚀反应器 ,污染环境 ,随着环保法规的不断完善 ,开发可替代硫酸的新型催化体系已成为现代化学工业中普遍关注的新趋势。目前的研究工作主要集中在以固体酸 (尤其是 SO2 - 4/Mx Oy 型固体酸 )替代硫酸催化酯化反应 [1～ 8]。我们制得了一种新型 SO2 - 4/Fe2 O3- Zr O2 - Si O2 催化剂[9] ,该催化剂催化乙酸 /丁醇酯化反应表现出良好的转化率、选择性、酯收率。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂加入量等对乙酸 /丁醇酯化反应的影响 ,并考…     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

纳米复合固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/CoFe_2O_4催化合成癸二酸二乙酯

将硫酸钴、硫酸亚铁在NaOH溶液中与NaHCO3反应制得碱式碳酸盐前驱体 ,后者用 (NH4 ) 2 S2 O8浸渍、干燥 ,再经 5 0 0℃焙烧得到固体超强酸催化剂S2 O2 -8/CoFe2 O4 。产物经XRD、TEM、BET、TG DTA及化学法等检测 ,含硫量 4 5 2 % ,粒径为 4 2nm ,比表面积为 1 4 6m2 /g ,粒度均匀。催化剂的酸强度处于 -1 6 0 2和-1 4 5 2之间。以该固体酸为催化剂 ,由癸二酸和无水乙醇合成了癸二酸二乙酯。最佳反应条件为 :n(醇 )∶n(酸 ) =4 0∶1 0 ,癸二酸 0 1mol,催化剂 1 0 g ,反应时间 2 5h。在此反应条件下 ,酯化率可达 93 6%。     

磁性超细固体酸催化剂SO2-4-ZrO2/Fe3O4的组装及表征

将磁性Fe3O4纳米材料和SO2-4-ZrO2固体酸进行组装,制得一系列具有磁性和超细粒子结构的固体酸催化剂SO2-4-ZrO2/Fe3O4. 采用XRD,TG-DTA和XPS等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征. 并分析和测试了催化剂的磁学性能、比表面积、粒度分布和元素的组成等物理化学性质. 该催化剂具有较小的粒度、较高的磁性及酯化催化活性,对乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性可达66%; 利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收. 经高温处理后,固体超强酸的形成对催化剂磁性、比表面积、表相原子的电子结合能以及各组分形态均有显著影响.     

磁性超细固体酸催化剂SO4^2——ZrO2／Fe3O4的组装及表征

将磁性Fe3O4纳米材料和SO4^2--ZrO2固体酸进行组装，制得一系列具有磁性和超细粒子结构的固体酸催化剂SO4^2--ZrO2/Fe3O4，采用XRD，TG－DTA和XPS等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。并分析和测试了催化剂的磁学性能、比表面积、粒度分布和元素的组成等物理化学性质。该催化剂具有较小的粒度、较高的磁性及酯化催化活性，对乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性可达66％；利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收。经高温处理后，固体超强酸的形成对催化剂磁性、比表面积、表相原子的电子结合能以及各组分形态均有显著影响。     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

固体强酸催化剂S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-M_2O_3(M=Cr,Ce,La)的制备

固体强酸具有酸强度高 ,不腐蚀设备 ,不污染环境 ,与产物分离方便等特点 ,是一种对环境友好的催化剂。业已发现固体强酸对许多重要的有机反应如烃类异构化、傅克酰基化、傅克烷基化、酯化、缩合、聚合、氧化等具有良好的催化活性 ,可替代传统的浓 H2 SO4 及 Al Cl3、HF等高污染催化剂。在前文 [1]基础上 ,本文通过添加 Cr2 O3、Ce2 O3和 La2 O3对催化剂 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 - Al2 O3改进后制备出 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 -Al2 O3- M2 O3( M=Cr,Ce,La)系列固体强酸催化剂 ,用对乙酸和正丁醇的酯化转化率评价了催化活性 ,用 XRD、BET、流…     

Sulfonic acid-functionalized core-shell Fe_3O_4@carbon microspheres as magnetically recyclable solid acid catalysts

Green and recyclable solid acid catalysts are in urgent demand as a substitute for conventional liquid mineral acids.In this work,a series of novel sulfonic acid-functionalized core-shell Fe_3 O_4@carbon microspheres(Fe_3 O_4@C-SO_3 H) have been designed and synthesized as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst.For the synthesis,core-shell Fe_3 O_4@RF(resorcinol-formaldehyde) microspheres with tunable shell thickness were achieved by interfacial polymerization on magnetic Fe_3 O_4 microspheres.After high-temperature carbonization,the microspheres were eventually treated by surface sulfonation,re sulting in Fe_3 O_4@C-x-SO_3 H(x stands for carbonization temperature) microspheres with abundant surface SO_3 H groups.The obtained microspheres possess uniform core-shell structure,partially-graphitized carbon skeletons,superparamagnetic property,high magnetization saturation value of 10.6 emu/g,and rich SO_3 H groups.The surface acid amounts can be adju sted in the range of 0.59-1.04 mmol/g via sulfonation treatment of carbon shells with different graphitization degrees.The magnetic Fe_3 O_4@C-x-SO_3 H microspheres were utilized as a solid acid catalyst for the acetalization reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol,demonstrating high selectivity(97%) to benzaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal.More importantly,by applying an external magnetic field,the catalysts can be easily separated from the heterogeneous reaction solutions,which later show well preserved catalytic activity even after 9 cycles,revealing good recyclability and high stability.     

Study on preparation of S2O8 2−/Fe2O3-SiO2 solid acid and its catalytic activity

The precursors of Fe₂O₃-SiO₂ mixed oxides prepared through co-precipitation method were modified by microwave hydrothermal treatment for the first time. S₂O₈ ²⁻/Fe₂O₃-SiO₂ solid acids were formed after being impregnated by (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ solution and calcined at high temperature. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, N₂ adsorption/desorption methods. It was found that the presence of SiO₂ obviously retarded the formation and growth of Fe₂O₃ crystals. Catalyst with appropriate specific surface area and narrow pore size distribution was obtained. The catalytic activities of the solid acids were evaluated by esterification of acetic acid and butanol and the results were compared with those catalysts prepared at normal conditions. The results showed that catalytic activity was extensively improved by microwave hydrothermal treatment. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2005, 22(8) (in Chinese)     

铁酸铋的水热合成及其光催化性能

以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O和Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为原料,NaOH为矿化剂,用水热法合成了柱状晶体Bi_2Fe_4O_9,其结构和催化性能经XRD,SEM和UV-Vis表征.结果表明,Bi_2Fe_4O_9截面边长约500 nm,长约2μm～3μm,分散均匀.Bi_2Fe_4O_9在可见光区域有较强吸收,对甲基橙降解效果较好.     

Fe_2O_3的制备及其电化学性能研究

分别采用高温热分解法(A)和熔盐法(B)制备了锂离子电池负极材料Fe2O3A和Fe2O3B,其结构与形貌经XRD和SEM表征。分析结果表明,Fe2O3A为三方晶相,呈片状结构团聚而成的类球形颗粒;Fe2O3B随着制备温度的升高,从立方相转变为三方相。充放电测试结果表明,于550℃制备的Fe2O3A和Fe2O3B初始容量分别高达1 312.1 mAh.g-1和1 412.2 mAh.g-1。采用交流阻抗图谱和循环伏安对其充放电过程的界面特性进行分析,发现随着充放电的进行,Fe2O3界面形成SEI膜。     

Reduced Graphene Oxide Coupled Magnetic CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Methylene Blue Degradation

CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a one-step hydrothermal method,and the as-prepared CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2/graphene was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2 nanoparticles were successfully dispersed on the graphene sheets.Photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites was evaluated in terms of degradation of methylene blue(MB) dye solution under visible light radiation.Results showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2/graphene nanocomposites was higher than its individual pure oxides(CuFe_2O_4 or TiO_2) and TiO_2/graphene.The enhancing photocatalytic activity performance of the CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2/graphene nanocomposites may attributed to the mutual effect between the Cu Fe_2O_4,Ti O_2 nanoparticles and the graphene sheets.Moreover,Cu Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles have excellent magnetic property,which makes the CuFe_2O_4-TiO_2/graphene heteroarchitecture magnetically recyclable in a suspension system.     

1D Fe_3O_4@CuSiO_3 composites catalyzed decarboxylative A~3-coupling for propargylamine synthesis

Highly active and stable magnetic copper catalysts were successfully achieved by magnetic induced Stober method and subsequent hydrothermal reaction with copper ions in alkaline condition.The high content of Cu~(2+) as well as the unique structures of hierarchical copper silicate in the as-prepared catalysts endowed their outstanding catalytic performance.Efficient decarboxylative A~3-coupling of a-keto acid,amine and alkyne was realized with the low Fe_3 O_4@CuSiO_3 loading.A range of propargylamines were produced in good to excellent yields under solvent-free condition.Moreover,the catalyst can be easily separated from the final organic product with an external magnet.Also,this kind of catalyst could be recycled up to six times while maintaining its activity.     

CeZrYLaO对Fe基整体式稀薄甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了高性能低铈储氧材料Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95(OSM,储氧材料)和胶溶法制备了耐高温、高比表面的La-Al₂O₃并以它们为载体,制备了一系列整体式铁基催化剂。考察了该系列催化剂对甲烷稀薄燃烧的催化性能,并用低温N₂吸附-脱附,储氧能力(oxygen storage capacity,OSC),XRD,XPS和H₂-TPR等测试手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。活性测试结果表明所制得的整体式催化剂Fe/OSM+La-Al₂O₃可在50 000 h^-1的高空速条件下使含量为1%的甲烷在474 ℃起燃,565 ℃完全转化;低温氮吸附-脱附测试结果表明,所制得的Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达33 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.14 mL·g^-1;La-Al₂O₃经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达125 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.46 mL·g^-1,是优良的催化剂载体;OSC测试结果表明,加入储氧材料(oxygen storage material(OSM))能增加催化剂的储氧性能,有利于催化活性的提高;XRD测试结果表明,OSM以均一固溶体存在;XPS测试结果表明,Fe₂O₃与OSM载体之间的相互作用最强;H₂-TPR测试结果表明,加入OSM能增加催化剂的还原性能,从而提高了催化活性。     

Highly efficient and stable electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol on 3D Pt catalyst by thermal decomposition of In_2O_3 nanoshells

In this paper In_2O_3 nanoshells have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach.The nanoshells can be completely cracked into pony-size nanocubes by annealing,which are then used as a support of Pt catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation.The prepared In_2O_3 and supported Pt catalysts(Pt/In_2O_3) were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),field effect scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Cyclic voltammetry(CV),linear sweep voltammetry(LSV),chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were carried out,indicating the excellent catalytic performance for alcohol electrooxidation can be achieved on Pt/In_2O_3 nanocatalysts due to the multiple active sites,high conductivity and a mass of microchannels and micropores for reactant diffusions arising from 3D frame structures compared with that on the Pt/C catalysts.     

SO2-4/ZrO2/Fe3O4/Al2O3磁性固体超强酸的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备了一系列SO2-4/ZrO2/Fe3O4/Al2O3磁性固体超强酸, 利用XRD、IR、TG-DSC、VSM、TEM及HRTEM等手段对样品结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 引入一定量的Fe3O4和Al2O3有利于四方晶相ZrO2(t)结构的稳定；Fe3O4超细粒子的引入, 使固体超强酸具备了超顺磁性；HRTEM 结果显示ZrO2晶体生长趋向于ZrO2(t)的[101]方向,其(101)晶面间距为d(101)=0.29 nm, 与XRD 衍射结果一致. Hammett 指示剂测得样品SZA-20-200-800酸强度(H0<-13.8)最强, 酸性大于浓硫酸(H0=-11.9).