Ellipsometric measurements on vapor deposited organic films

It has been demonstrated that ellipsometry can be used to study the kinetic properties of organic materials deposited, under vacuum, as thin films on optical surfaces. The organic films were deposited in a controlled manner using a vapor effusion source. Evaporation rate measurements on a DC-704 silicone oil film over a thickness range of 140 to 10 Å have shown that the film exists as two distinct layers with a transition thickness of ~18 Å. The second layer (d > 18 Å) exhibits an linear evaporation rate corresponding to that of the bulk fluid at 300 K while the first layer has a value two orders of magnitude smaller. The first layer was interpreted as a single monolayer having a thickness equal to the helix diameter of the silicone molecule. Additional measured kinetic properties were the sticking coefficients and vapor pressure tor various substrate temperatures and the molecular binding energy. The measured values of Δ and ψ were used to determine the optical constants of both DC-704 and DC-705 silicone oil films as N = 1.5 l — i0.00 and 1.48 — i0.00, respectively, where N = n — ik.     

沉积在液体衬底上连续铝薄膜的微观结构

研究了沉积在硅油衬底表面的连续铝薄膜的微结构及其表面形貌.与沉积在单晶硅表面的铝薄膜相比,两种铝薄膜均属颗粒结构,但硅油表面的铝薄膜具有颗粒尺寸较小、大小不均匀,表面起伏较大等特点,而且在该铝薄膜边缘的下表面,有一明显的波纹状楔型结构,其斜率仅为10^-4—10^-5.实验结果表明：这一现象是由于液体衬底的热膨胀行为引起的.此外对样品的晶态也进行了研究. 关键词： 铝薄膜 液体衬底 微观结构     

Temperature coefficient of resistance of thin metal films on ceramic surfaces

The temperature coefficients (TCR) of vacuum-deposited thin-metal-film resistors were measured in vacuum, air, argon, and silicone oil, and different characteristics were obtained. The resistors were made by evaporating a nickel-chrome alloy (Nichrome 80 to 20) in vacuum onto ceramic substrates to produce a 500-ohms-persquare film. Measurements were made of films which were uncoated and of films which were coated with a protection layer of silicone monoxide in thicknesses from 5000 to 10000 å. When measured under vacuum, the resistors displayed a TCR which was lower than that obtained in air, argon, or silicone oil. In an argon environment, the resistors had lower TCR characteristics than they had in air or silicone oil. Even when the resistor films were protected by a 10000-å-thick layer of silicone monoxide, their TCR behavior differed in different gas environments. Most of the TCR's measured in the temperature range from ?55Ω to +150Ω C were between 5 and 50 parts per million per degree centigrade.     

液体基底表面金薄膜中的有序结构和自组装现象

研究了沉积在液体基底（硅油）表面金薄膜中的带状有序结构和自组装现象.实验结果表明：在一定条件下，生长在硅油表面的金薄膜中可形成一种特征的有序结构，它是由近似矩形状的畴块拼接而成的；相邻畴块的长度近似相等，但宽度一般不同，因而具有特征长度为101—102μm数量级的准周期结构.进一步的实验发现：此类带状有序结构是由薄膜中特征内应力所引起的物质相互挤压而形成的.另外，对此类具有近似自由支撑边界条件的薄膜中的内应力形成机理进行了研究. 关键词： 薄膜 有序结构 内应力 自组装     

高功率激光宽光谱减反膜的溶胶-凝胶旋转法制备工艺

 采用溶胶-凝胶法用旋转镀膜工艺在K9玻璃基片上制备出了SiO₂和有机硅单层减反膜以及有机硅-SiO₂双层减反膜。考察了旋转速度对SiO₂和有机硅单层膜的中心透射波长、膜层折射率等基本光学性质的影响，实验确定了双层膜的涂敷工艺。透射光谱测量表明，采用本文工艺条件制备的有机硅 SiO₂双层膜在430～800nm范围内透射率达99％以上。     

楔形Al薄膜的物理特性

采用真空蒸镀方法,利用液体衬底在沉积过程中的扩散,形成了沉积在玻璃表面的楔形铝薄膜,并研究了它的结构和I-V特性.实验表明,楔形铝薄膜的斜率仅10^-6—10^-7,具有与一般非平整薄膜不同的I-V特性,其非平整效应不能用普通的非平整薄膜的RRN理论模型来解释. 关键词： 楔形铝薄膜     

基于小波变换的油膜光谱特征分析

水上溢油光谱作为高光谱遥感目标识别与分类的参考依据,在溢油识别与厚度区分等方面具有重要的研究意义。通过测量厚度范围为1.0～127 μm间的轻柴油的20组光谱曲线,计算其反射率光谱曲线随厚度变化的特征,并利用db4小波对反射率数据进行处理,突出光谱奇异性及其位置与奇异值随油膜厚度变化的特征。在研究范围内的油膜光谱反射率高于水体,但反射率值与油膜厚度间无固定增减关系。在其厚度小于6 μm时反射率光谱曲线无明显特征,厚度大于6 μm后在388 nm附近存在区别于水体的反射峰特征且随厚度增加特征愈加突出。油膜光谱小波分析后的细节系数在388～393 nm内表现出明显的奇异性,并且奇异位置随厚度增加向短波方向移动、奇异极值增大。研究证实了小波分析在确定油膜光谱特征位置与变化研究中的积极作用,并发现了紫外-可见光短波范围内的光谱特征,为紫外遥感进行溢油识别提供了科学依据。     

Buckle morphologies of wedge-shaped Fe films quenched by silicone oil during deposition

A characteristic wedge-shaped iron (Fe) film system, deposited on glass substrates by a DC-magnetron sputtering method and quenched by silicone oil during deposition, has been successfully fabricated. Telephone cord buckles induced by residual compressive stress can be widely observed in the samples. They are shown to nucleate and grow slowly in the atmosphere, but propagate rapidly after disturbance of the film by an external force. Various buckling phenomena, such as generation of disordered telephone cord networks on a isotropic substrate, formation of parallel wavy buckle and circular blister lines on a patterned substrate, partial healing of buckling by pushing the film back to the substrate during the propagation process, occurrence of straight-sided blisters near a step edge, are present in this paper.     

Marangoni forces created by surface plasmon decay

We present optical microfluidic manipulation of silicone oil and glycerol via surface tension driven forces sustained by surface plasmon deexcitation energy. The phonon energy associated with the decaying optically excited surface plasmons in a thin gold foil creates thermal gradients capable of actuating fluid flows. Spectral dependence of the plasmon decay length and control of optical beam characteristics are shown to provide a means for further manipulation.     

楔形金薄膜系统中的反常跳跃电导和隧道效应

采用真空蒸镀方法，利用液体衬底在沉积过程中的线性扩散过程，在玻璃表面制备出斜率仅为10^-5的楔形金薄膜逾渗系统，并用四引线方法测量了从该薄膜系统中得到的均匀无序金薄膜的导电特性.实验结果表明：和通常的平整薄膜逾渗系统相比，该薄膜系统呈现更为强烈的跳跃电导和隧道效应. 关键词： 带状薄膜 跳跃电导 隧道效应     

基于生物光学模型的水面薄油膜厚度的高光谱遥感反演实验研究

研究水表薄油膜厚度与其反射率光谱之间的变化规律,对于分析海洋油膜污染和油气勘探的遥感探测机理具有十分重要的意义。建立了水面薄油膜厚度的生物光学模型,并介绍了单波段和双波段比值简化算法反演薄油膜厚度信息的方法。通过对原油样品进行油膜厚度定量反演,研究了遥感反射率随水表油膜厚度的变化规律。研究发现,可见光到近红外波段(450～800nm)反射率对油膜厚度变化最为敏感,有很高的负相关关系,并且随着油膜厚度的增加呈负指数形态下降。对于浅水环境较混浊的水体,ETM1/ETM3双波段比值模型可以较好的消除线性天空散射光的影响,克服单波段反演模型在不同水质背景下反演效果不稳定的特点,其反演结果的复相关系数R2可以达到0.98,是水表薄油膜厚度遥感探测的较好波段选择。     

光纤迈克耳孙干涉仪及其在教学实验中的应用

本文介绍了用光无源器件及半导体光源改造成的光纤迈克耳孙干涉仪,并设计了可以在教学实验中开设的测量透镜厚度、油膜厚度以及钢板尺微应变的实验,它们的特点是结构简单、容易实现．     

Structural evolution of silicone oil liquid exposed to Ar plasma

Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma are investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a branch-like fractal aggregation structure, which is related to the structure evolution of silicone oil liquid from Si--O chain to Si--O network. The radicals from the dissociation of silicone oil molecule into the Ar plasma turns the plasma into a reactive environment. Therefore, the structural evolution of silicone oil liquid substrate and the reactive radicals in the plasma space become possible factors to affect the aggregation of nanoparticles and also the structures and the compositions of nanoparticles.     

硅油基底表面铁薄膜的生长机理及表面有序结构

利用直流溅射方法在液体基底(硅油)表面成功制备出金属铁薄膜系统，研究了其生长机理及特征的表面有序结构.实验发现铁薄膜的生长过程与液相基底表面非磁性金属薄膜的情况类似，基本服从二阶段生长模型.连续铁薄膜中可观测到尺寸巨大的圆盘形有序结构，其生长演化与溅射功率、沉积时间和真空环境中的生长时间等实验条件密切相关.实验证明，此类有序结构是在薄膜内应力作用下，铁原子及原子团簇在液体表面自由扩散迁移，并最终在硅油基底表面某些区域成核凝聚所致.在较大溅射功率和沉积时间条件下，圆盘外部区域的铁薄膜中形成周期分布的波纹褶皱，其波长约为10 μm，波峰基本与圆盘的边界平行.进一步研究表明：在沉积过程中，由于沉积铁原子的局域能量作用，导致硅油的表面层结构发生改变而形成一聚合物层；在随后的冷却过程中，聚合物层的强烈收缩使铁薄膜处于很大的压应力场中，促使薄膜起皱形成波纹结构. 关键词： 液体基底 铁薄膜 生长机理 有序结构     

Formation mechanism of ordered stress-relief patterns in a free sustained Cu film system

A nearly free sustained copper （Cu） film system has been successfully fabricated by thermal evaporation deposition of Cu atoms on silicone oil surfaces, and a characteristic ordered pattern has been systematically studied. The ordered pattern, namely, band, is composed of a large number of parallel key-formed domains with different width w but nearly uniform length L; its characteristic values of w and L are very susceptible to the growth period, deposition rate and nominal film thickness. The formation mechanism of the ordered patterns is well explained in terms of the relaxation of the internal stress in the films, which is related to the nearly zero adhesion of the solid-liquid interface. By using a two-time deposition method, it is confirmed that the ordered patterns really form in the vacuum chamber.     

Voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting

In this letter, we propose a voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting. The device is made of a transparent cubic cell filled with two immiscible liquids having three indium tin oxide electrodes fabricated on the bottom substrate of the cell. A conductive droplet carrying a color filter is placed on the ITO electrode and the surrounding liquid is density-matched silicone oil. Under zero bias, the droplet is placed in the middle of the substrate and white light passes through the filter and we can see red light on the screen. When a voltage is applied to the device, the filter moves with the liquid based on electrowetting effect, we can see the white light on the screen. Due to the movement of the liquid, our device functions as an optical switcher. The switch time of the device is ~70 ms. The proposed device has a wide application in optical communication, electronic display, and optical switch.     

基于表面等离子体激元效应的可调制滤波器

针对常用的光学滤波器滤波波长不可变的特点,提出一种利用表面等离子体激元效应实现可调制滤波的方法.该方法根据金属邻近电介质的介电常数发生改变时,金属与入射光波的表面等离子体激元耦合共振模式发生改变,以此实现滤波波长调制.在加工有亚波长纳米孔阵列的Au薄膜上制作了一可见光滤波器,实验中采用空气、酒精和油作为介质对器件进行调制.结果表明:相对于常用的光学滤波器,该器件由于可以方便地改变临近介质的介电常数,因此具有滤波波长连续可调、快速方便、波长变化精度高等特点.     

新型生物医药实验用低温冷冻干燥机的研制

本课题设计的低温冷冻干燥机以液氮为低温冷源,通过电加热器加热液氮使之汽化,通过控制气体的压力,压出液氮。液氮被压出后流入硅油池的换热器同硅油进行充分换热。在硅油池底部布置一个电加热盘,通过调节加热量,精确控制硅油温度。特制的不锈钢搁板浸入硅油池中进行硅油浴,能够实现良好的传热。测控制系统由上位PC机与下位可编程控制器和数据采集模块共同组成,在PC机上可设置控制参数并进行监控,温度曲线可程序控制,数据采集模块能够自动采集、存储、上传各项数据,数据可以在PC机上处理。     

Effect of electric field,stress and environment on delayed fracture of a PZT-5 ferroelectric ceramic

The combined effect of electric and mechanical loading on fracture of a PZT-5 ferroelectric ceramic in silicone oil has been investigated using a single edge notched specimen. The results show that the fracture toughness and the threshold stress intensity factor of delayed fracture in silicone oil, i.e. stress corrosion cracking, decrease linearly with the increasing applied electric field, either positive or negative. For the PZT-5 ferroelectric ceramics, delayed fracture in silicone oil under sustained positive or negative field can occur, and the threshold field for delayed fracture under sustained positive or negative field decreases linearly with applied stress intensity factor. The combined effect of electric and mechanical loading on delayed fracture in silicone oil includes field-enhancing delayed fracture under sustained load and stress-enhancing delayed fracture in silicone oil under sustained field.     

纳米TiO2颗粒对电流变悬浮液中硅油的挥发增强效应

物理化学性能稳定的二甲基硅油常作为电流变液分散相, 当与纳米量级的介电颗粒混合组成电流变悬浮液时, 在非密闭环境下极易挥发, 时间足够长时, 可完全挥发. 本文通过实验研究了纳米二氧化钛颗粒对二氧化钛和硅油组成的悬浮液中硅油挥发增强现象, 分析表明, 纳米颗粒在电流变悬浮液的硅油气-液界面上形成纳米尺度的凸型曲面, 使液面上蒸气压大大提高, 导致挥发增强. 本文还对颗粒浓度, 环境温度和硅油黏度等对硅油挥发增强效应的影响进行了系统的研究和分析.