圆偏振弦线驻波演示仪

针对传统弦线驻波演示仪配套仪器多、弦线细、驻波幅度小、观察困难的不足,设计了圆偏振弦线驻波演示仪,新装置利用圆偏振作为振源,用橡皮筋作为弦线来产生和形成弦线驻波,演示仪原理清晰,操作简便,形成驻波稳定,可视性好,可用于大学普通物理实验、中学物理驻波实验演示及研究。     

对弦振动实验中振源的改进

设计制作了一种振源．将其应用于弦振动实验时,不但能像电动音叉作振源那样,可以验证弦线上驻波波长与弦线张力、密度的关系,而且还可以验证电动音叉作振源所不能验证的弦线上驻波波长与驻波频率的关系．     

张力梯度对弦线上驻波波长的影响研究

研究了弦线上张力梯度对驻波波长的影响。理论上给出了弦线上存在张力梯度时驻波波长的数学表达公式,并数值仿真研究了4种不同张力梯度条件下弦线上的波长变化曲线。结果表明弦线上张力越大,驻波波长越大;弦线上张力梯度越大,驻波波长变化越大。实验研究了有、无张力梯度情况下驻波波长的分布,实验结果和理论研究结果一致。     

弦线驻波实验装置改进

本文对典型弦线驻波实验中数据不够准确、驻波不稳定及实验可重复性差等现象进行了分析,明确其根本原因在于实验装置设计方案存在缺陷.提出了实验装置改进方案,一是引入拉力传感器取代狭缝刀口和悬挂重物,改变反射波的形成机理,并以弦线张力直接测量取代砝码重力间接计算;二是引入机械结构微调弦线长度以改变弦线张力和弦线上驻波波长.实验结果证明,改进后的实验装置能明显改善上述问题,该装置还可实施研究驻波规律的多个实验方案。     

弦线上波的传播规律实验装置的改进

对传统的验证弦线上横波的传播规律实验中的波源进行改进，采用单片机控制的可连续调节频率的装置，可以得到横波的波长与弦线中的张力、弦线的线密度及振动频率的关系，使得验证弦线上横波的传播规律的实验内容更加丰富。     

弦线中的波动方程对大扰动也成立

一般教材中，在讨论一维弦线中的横波波动方程时，都假设弦线中的张力为恒量，在小扰动情况下，推导横波波动方程。本文在较一般情况下，推导一维弦线中的横波波动方程，并讨论弦线中张力的变化等问题，所得结果在小扰动近似下，与一般教材中的结论一致。     

弦线中的波动方程T0（a^2y）／（ax^2）=η（a^2y）／（at^2）对大扰动也成立

一般教材中，在讨论一维弦线中的横波波动方程时，都假设弦线中的张力为恒量，在小扰动情况下，推导横波波动方程，本文在较一般情况下，推导一维弦线中的横波波动方程，并讨论弦线中张力的变化等问题，所得结果在小扰动近似下，与一般教材中的结论一致。     

基于Matlab GUI的弦振动仿真课件制作

利用Matlab GUI制作弦振动仿真课件,集成多种功能,可以模拟弦线上驻波波长随弦线密度、弦线张力、振源频率的变化。可实现数据的定量测量,自动读取、记录数据。集成数据处理功能,采用对数作图法处理数据,并给出拟合曲线和拟合系数。     

音叉弦线受迫共振系统的计算机模拟研究

音叉弦线受迫共振系统的计算机模拟研究吴本科，蒋凉（合肥工业大学２３０００９）音叉带动弦线形成驻波并非能由简单理论而得到圆满解释［１］［２］，通常的注意力多集中在弦线的机械波上，而对弦线的初始振动以及它与音叉的关系研究很少，既使有个别研究［３］也只能给...     

固体均匀弦振动中数据处理与误差分析

弦振动实验是普通物理学力学中一个基本实验, 是大学物理实验中研究驻波现象的经典例子. 本文首 先应用分析天平测量了弦线的质量, 计算了弦线的线密度及其不确定度; 然后利用最小二乘法对弦线上的张力l n T 与行波波长l n λ的实验数据进行处理, 并用 O r i g i n进行线性拟合; 最后还使用两种不同方法计算了行波的波速, 并 对比了波速的误差度     

Homotopy Classification of Bosonic String Field Theory

We prove the decomposition theorem for the loop homotopy Lie algebra of quantum closed string field theory and use it to show that closed string field theory is unique up to gauge transformations on a given string background and given S-matrix. For the theory of open and closed strings we use results in open-closed homotopy algebra to show that the space of inequivalent open string field theories is isomorphic to the space of classical closed string backgrounds. As a further application of the open-closed homotopy algebra, we show that string field theory is background independent and locally unique in a very precise sense. Finally, we discuss topological string theory in the framework of homotopy algebras and find a generalized correspondence between closed strings and open string field theories.     

Charged string loops in Reissner–Nordström black hole background

We study the motion of current carrying charged string loops in the Reissner–Nordström black hole background combining the gravitational and electromagnetic field. Introducing new electromagnetic interaction between central charge and charged string loop makes the string loop equations of motion to be non-integrable even in the flat spacetime limit, but it can be governed by an effective potential even in the black hole background. We classify different types of the string loop trajectories using effective potential approach, and we compare the innermost stable string loop positions with loci of the charged particle innermost stable orbits. We examine string loop small oscillations around minima of the string loop effective potential, and we plot radial profiles of the string loop oscillation frequencies for both the radial and vertical modes. We construct charged string loop quasi-periodic oscillations model and we compare it with observed data from microquasars GRO 1655-40, XTE 1550-564, and GRS 1915+105. We also study the acceleration of current carrying string loops along the vertical axis and the string loop ejection from RN black hole neighbourhood, taking also into account the electromagnetic interaction.     

Classical dynamics of the rigid string from the Willmore functional

A new approach for investigating the classical dynamics of the relativistic string model with rigidity is proposed. It is based on the embedding of the string world surface into a space of constant curvature. It is shown that the rigid string in flat space-time is described by the Euler-Lagrange equation for the Willmore functional in a space-time of constant curvature K = −γ/(2α), where γ and α are constants in front of the Nambu-Goto term and the curvature term in the rigid string action, respectively. For simplicity the Euclidean version of the rigid string in three-dimensional space-time is considered. The Willmore functional (the action for the “Willmore string”) is obtained by dropping the Nambu-Goto term in the Polyakov-Kleinert action for the rigid string. Such a “reduction” of the rigid string model would be useful, for example, by applying some results about the Nambu-Goto string dynamics in the de Sitter universe to the rigid string model in the Minkowski space-time. It also allows us to use numerous mathematical results about Willmore surfaces in the context of the physical problem.     

Vibration of strings with nonlinear supports

The dynamic string motion, which displacement is unilaterally constrained by the rigid termination condition of an arbitrary geometry has been simulated and analyzed. The treble strings of a grand piano usually terminate at a capo bar, which is situated above the strings. The apex of a V-shaped section of the capo bar defines the end of the speaking length of the strings. A numerical calculation based on the traveling wave solution is proposed for modeling the nonlinearity inducing interactions between the vibrating string and the contact condition at the point of string termination. It was shown that the lossless string vibrates in two distinct vibration regimes. In the beginning the string starts to interact in a nonlinear fashion with the rigid terminator, and the resulting string motion is aperiodic. Consequently, the spectrum of the string motion depends on the amplitude of string vibrations, and its spectral structure changes continuously with the passage of time. The duration of that vibration regime depends on the geometry of the terminator. After some time of aperiodic vibration, the string vibrations settle in a periodic regime where the resulting spectrum remains constant.     

Casimir–Polder potential for a metallic cylinder in cosmic string spacetime

Casimir–Polder potential is investigated for a polarizable microparticle in the geometry of a straight cosmic string with a metallic cylindrical shell. The electromagnetic field Green tensor is evaluated on the imaginary frequency axis. The expressions for the Casimir–Polder potential is derived in the general case of anisotropic polarizability for the both interior and exterior regions of the shell. The potential is decomposed into pure string and shell-induced parts. The latter dominates for points near the shell, whereas the pure string part is dominant near the string and at large distances from the shell. For the isotropic case and in the region inside the shell the both pure string and shell-induced parts in the Casimir–Polder force are repulsive with respect to the string. In the exterior region the shell-induced part of the force is directed toward the cylinder whereas the pure string part remains repulsive with respect to the string. At large distances from the shell the total force is repulsive.     

Wilson loops T-dual to short strings

We show that closed string solutions in the bulk of AdS space are related by T-duality to solutions representing an open string ending at the boundary of AdS. By combining the limit in which a closed string becomes small with a large boost, we find that the near-flat space short string in the bulk maps to a periodic open string world surface ending on a wavy line at the boundary. This open string solution was previously found by Mikhailov and corresponds to a time-like near-BPS Wilson loop differing by small fluctuations from a straight line. A simple relation is found between the shape of the Wilson loop and the shape of the closed string at the moment when it crosses the horizon of the Poincaré patch. As a result, the energy and spin of the closed string are encoded in properties of the Wilson loop. This suggests that closed string amplitudes with one of the closed strings falling into the Poincaré horizon should be dual to gauge theory correlators involving local operators and a Wilson loop of the T-dual (“momentum”) theory.     

Extremal black holes as fundamental strings

We show that polarization-dependent string-string scattering provides new evidence for the identification of the Dabholkar-Harvey (DH) string solution with the heterotic string itself. First, we construct excited versions of the DH solution which carry arbitrary left-moving waves yet are annihilated by half the supersymmetries. These solutions correspond in a natural way to Bogomolny-bound-saturating excitations of the ground state of the heterotic string. When the excited string solutions are compactified to four dimensions, they reduce to Sen's family of extremal black hole solutions of the toroidally compactified heterotic string. We then study the large impact parameter scattering of two such string solutions. We develop methods which go beyond the metric on moduli space approximation and allow us to read off the subleading polarization-dependent scattering amplitudes. We find perfect agreement with heterotic string tree amplitude predictions for the scattering of corresponding string states. Taken together, these results clearly identify the string states responsible for Sen's extremal black hole entropy. We end with a brief discussion of implications for the black hole information problem.     

String deformations induced by retardation effects in mesons

The rotating-string model is an effective model of mesons, in which the quark and the antiquark are linked by a straight string. We previously developed a method to estimate the retardation effects in this model, but the string was still kept straight. We now go a step further and show that this kind of retardation effects cause a small deviation of the string from the straight line. We first give general arguments constraining the string shape. Then, we find analytical and numerical solutions for the string deformation induced by retardation effects. We finally discuss the influence of the curved string on the energy spectrum of the model.     

Primordial black hole formation by stabilized embedded strings in the early universe

Primordial black hole formation by cosmic string collapses is reconsidered in the case where the winding number of the string is larger than unity. The line energy density of a multiple winding string becomes greater than that of a single winding string so that the probability of black hole formation by string collapse during loop oscillation would be strongly enhanced. Moreover, this probability could be affected by changes in gravity theory due to large extra dimensions based on the brane universe model. In addition, a wider class of strings which are stable compared to conventional cosmic strings can contribute to such a scenario. Although the production of the multiple winding defect is suppressed and its number density should be small, the enhancement of black hole formation by the increased energy density may provide a large number of evaporating black holes in the present universe which gives more stringent constraints on the string model compared to the ordinary string scenario.     

Charting the landscape of supercritical string theory

Special solutions of string theory in supercritical dimensions can interpolate in time between theories with different numbers of spacetime dimensions and different amounts of world sheet supersymmetry. These solutions connect supercritical string theories to the more familiar string duality web in ten dimensions and provide a precise link between supersymmetric and purely bosonic string theories. Dimension quenching and c duality appear to be natural concepts in string theory, giving rise to large networks of interconnected theories.