应用场光线传递方程计算鱼眼镜头像场像差

应用场光线传递方程,从鱼眼镜头的孔径光阑处,逆向追迹场光线传递方程,确定任意视场角场光线的初始位置,即光阑球差.正向追迹场光线计算鱼眼镜头系统物、像空间视场角之间的关系曲线;用多项式拟合求出关系曲线的解析表达式.通过反演运算,根据畸变图像复原物的图像分布,达到消除鱼眼镜头成像系统畸变的目的.最后,计算了一个160°鱼眼镜头光学系统的光阑球差和图像的畸变,并应用本文方法复原物的图像分布.计算结果表明:光阑球差的计算结果与真值的相对误差小于1%;复原的物方图像径向高度相对误差小于0.25%,说明本文计算鱼眼镜头像场像差的方法是可行的.     

Design of object surveillance system based on enhanced fish-eye lens

A new method is proposed for the object surveillance system based on the enhanced fish-eye lens and the high speed digital signal processor （DSP）. The improved fish-eye lens images an ellipse picture on the charge-coupled device （CCD） surface, which increases both the utilization rate of the 4：3 rectangular CCD and the imaging resolution, and remains the view angle of 183° The algorithm of auto-adapted renewal background subtraction （ARBS） is also explored to extract the object from the monitoring image. The experimental result shows that the ARBS algorithm has high anti-jamming ability and high resolution, leading to excellent object detecting ability from the enhanced elliptical fish-eye image under varies environments. This system has potential applications in different security monitoring fields due to its wide monitoring space, simple structure, working stability, and reliability.     

用于图像拼接的电视摄像光学系统

采用图像拼接的方法获得了大视场、高角分辨率的电视摄像。用单心球透镜将无穷远目标成一以球透镜球心为圆心的球面像,用围绕球透镜的中继物镜阵列中的每一个中继物镜,按各自对应的球面上的一部分,成像在面阵CCD像面上,最后经电视图像处理技术将这些图像合拼成一幅图像。本文还给出了一个中继物镜阵列最多可由20×20个中继物镜组成的设计结果,焦距为457.9 mm,视场为 120°×104.8°,像素达到85亿、角分辨率为8"。用3个这样的系统,还可以实现360°全景式高分辨率摄像。这是一个在军事侦查、机场安全监视、空中和地面预警、航天摄影以及体育报道等方面具有广泛应用前景的新型电视摄像技术。     

Design of off-axis reflective projection lens using spherical Fresnel surface

In this paper, an off-axis reflective projection lens with single Fresnel reflective surface and three aspheric surfaces were designed. The design method of reflective lens using spherical Fresnel surface is discussed. The MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) of the off-axis reflective lens, with optical magnification 100×, F-number 2.5 and field of view 120°, is over 40% at 0.6 lp/mm on the image side, the distortion is less than 2%. This design method can provide reference for application of Fresnel surface in wide field of view imaging, and possesses a bright future with the continuous development of fabrication technique.     

相干点源照明时消球差光学系统的像场结构

利用矢量傅里叶变换和稳相法获得了相干点源位于光轴上任意位置时，消球差光学系统像场结构的积分表达式，详细研究了使用线偏振光照明时像平面上大物方孔径角对像场结构的影响.模拟计算表明，在像空间垂直于光轴的平面上，如果物方孔径角较大，磁场分布绕光轴旋转90°后不再与电场分布相同，电场能量密度、磁能量密度和玻印亭矢量分布的等高线始终近似为椭圆，并且物方孔径角是导致玻印亭矢量分布失去圆对称性的主要因素.同时当使用小像方孔径角时，电场能量密度分布形状的长轴方向垂直于物空间电场的振动方向；随着像方孔径角逐渐增大，电场能量密度分布形状的长轴方向将逐渐变为与物空间电场的振动方向相同.这些结论完全不同于以前理论所预测的结果. 关键词： 成像系统 像场结构 矢量傅里叶变换 稳相法     

无狭缝一步彩虹全息的新方法

本文提出一种新的三维漫射物体的一步彩虹全息方法.该法是在曝光过程中将被摄物体与成像透镜同时沿垂直光轴方向移动,并通过场镜使合成狭缝直接成像在场镜后焦面上,可得到较大观察范围的无畸变彩虹全息像.     

光场多光谱相机像方远心镜头光学设计

光场多光谱成像技术具有能够同时获取目标二维空间信息和光谱信息的能力，利用光谱信息可以实现目标的分类和识别。为了快速、便捷地获取空间目标的完整光谱信息，实现目标表面光谱信息的真实记录，基于光场多光谱成像原理，采用光谱分光滤光片阵列分光实现主透镜系统入瞳孔径的分割，设计了一款应用于光场多光谱相机的像方远心镜头光学系统。光学系统具有宽波段400 nm~1 000 nm，焦距为240 mm，F数为4，全视场15.52°。像质评价与系统公差分析结果表明:设计的光场多光谱相机的像方远心镜头可以满足实际加工以及正常使用要求。     

大视场大相对孔径水下专用摄影物镜的设计

分析了大视场大相对孔径水下专用摄影物镜的设计特点.基于反摄远结构引入一个高次非球面设计了相对孔径为1/1.4,水下全视场66°,焦距11.85 mm,光谱响应范围0.48～0.60 μm,采用平面水密壳窗的水下专用摄影物镜.全视场MTF在空间频率42 lp/mm时高于0.4.与相同技术要求下全部采用球面透镜的设计进行比较,表明该摄影物镜结构更简单,成像质量也更优异,能够满足深水微光摄影物镜对大视场、大相对孔径、小型化、轻量化的需求.     

Reduction of speckle in an image by a moving aperture - second order statistics

In an earlier paper the second-order statistics of time-averaged speckle were investigated for the case of speckle formed in the Fraunhofer plane when an aperture was moved over the surface of a uniformly illuminated diffuse object. In this paper it is the intention to substantiate a claim that was made in that paper that the same treatment will also apply to time-averaged speckle in an image plane when an aperture is moved in the pupil plane of the imaging lens. The optical system is allowed to have aberrations of any degree of severity, and the object is allowed to have non-uniform brightness, subject to the condition that the brightness variations are slow in comparison to the size of the (aberrated) point spread function. The treatment makes use of the usual assumption that a very large number of independent scattering points in the object contributes to any one point in the image: for this assumption to be realistic, however, it will be shown that the point spread function of the lens must be of a size that restricts us either to systems where the numerical aperture in object space is low or, alternatively, to systems where the aberrations are severe.     

激光位移传感器的光学系统设计

针对目前国内自主研制的激光位移传感器精度低,测量范围小等问题,提出了一种采用光学设计软件预先仿真整个激光位移传感器光学系统的方法。在分析系统各部分的光学特性的基础上,结合具体要求设计了一个激光位移传感器的光学系统,其工作范围为（50±10）mm。采用系统分割的方法,将整个光学系统分为两部分进行设计,第一部分是激光束的整形透镜,要求在有效的工作范围内得到小而均匀的出射光斑,设计结果表明,在测量范围内,光斑大小能够控制在10-1mm量级;另一部分是被测面散射光接收的成像物镜,该系统的特点是物面和像面相对于光轴都有一定的角度,实验结果表明其成像满足Scbeimpflug条件。     

Distortion correction for imaging on non-planar surface using freeform lens

The method of designing a freeform lens which can image on a formula describable non-planar surface with low distortion was proposed aimed on distortion correction. In this method, the Snell's law and the correspondence between the coordinates of object and the distortion free image are used to establish the partial differential equation which characterizes the freeform surface, and the partial differential equation can be solved to form the freeform surface. Take projection on spherical surface for example, a freeform lens is designed. After adding this lens to the ordinary projection lens at a certain position, the system (ordinary projection lens and freeform lens) can project an image on sphere with absolute distortion about 2 mm for an observer at half of the projection distance, and the MTF on sphere is analyzed in detail after.     

A new anti-reflection surface structure for photonic crystal slab lens

An optimized surface modification structure for suppressing the reflections at the surfaces of photonic crystal slab lens is reported in this paper. The total reflection of the slab lens with proposed anti-reflection surface structure is reduced to below 0.3% for the incident angle of light less than 48 degrees. The image efficiency of the slab lens for the normal incident Gaussian beam with waist width equal to the wavelength is near 99%.     

光电成像检测系统像面照度均匀性分析

非均匀发光光源、大视场角等因素会造成光学成像检测系统像面照度分布不均匀,进而导致检测效率下降。研究非均匀发光光源和大视场角对像面照度均匀性的影响程度,首先建立光源间距与受光面接收照度间的关系模型,仿真分析不同LED间距对像面照度均匀性的影响,然后建立光学耦合系统的物面张角和像面照度间的关系模型,仿真分析物面张角对像面照度均匀性的影响。实验结果表明:在非均匀发光光源和大视场角的作用下,检测系统会造成像面照度严重不均匀现象。研究结果为后续像面照度校正算法设计提供了理论依据。     

标准球面透镜的几何特性与误差分析

标准球面透镜是斐索型干涉仪的核心器件，综述标准球面透镜的几何特性和误差。分析标准球面透镜在干涉照明光路和成像光路中的作用，重点介绍并实验验证了球面干涉成像的R-sinθ几何特性关系模型，给出了采用Q非球面实现非球面分裂的新型设计方法，以及2片式非球面标准球面透镜结构的实例，概述了针对小F数标准球面透镜球面干涉腔中的待测球面调整误差和移相空间非均匀性误差的研究成果，介绍了校正球面干涉腔中误差的波面差分算法，指出在近标准球面透镜焦点位置测量球面时的回程误差影响，从物像共轭关系角度解释了近焦点位置回程误差较大的原因，比对分析了标准球面透镜的透射波前与斜率对回程误差的影响。提出了在设计标准球面透镜时需注意的几何特性关系，以及使用标准球面透镜时易产生的误差和相应的抑制方法。     

混合仿生鱼眼-复眼的广角高清成像系统

基于多尺度成像理论,采用混合仿生鱼眼-复眼结构,实现了大视场兼具高分辨率的光学成像系统设计。前级物镜系统为大直径球透镜,收集广角目标光线并成像到与球透镜同心的球面中继像面上;次级目镜系统是关于球透镜中心球对称的小口径透镜组阵列,对中继像进行像差校正并成像到探测器阵列上。对比了物镜采用双层同心球和单个球透镜的成像性能,后者可获得更优的成像性能且避免了双胶合球透镜带来的公差控制及力学与热稳定性问题。整个成像系统的视场大于100°,全视场内角分辨率优于10″,而畸变小于5%;系统具有大景深特点,不需调焦即可同时对300 m到无穷远目标清晰成像,可广泛应用于侦查监控等领域。     

Study on combined immersion electrostatic-magnetic focusing lenses without crossovers

Wide electron beam focusing properties of combined immersion electrostatic-magnetic focusing system are studied; their curvilinear axis aberration coefficients are derived. Based upon ray tracing method and curvilinear axis theory of wide electron beam systems, a program was written and as an example, a practical structure of the lens is numerically simulated. The computed results show that demagnified images with high resolution of tens of nanometers can be obtained for an object field size in millimeter range.     

Optical design of a full-pupil field,non-contact and high resolution corneal curved objective lens

It has been a challenge to overcome the corneal curvature radius to design a full-pupil field, non-contact and high resolution corneal curved objective lens, which covers the cornea full-pupil field and has the ability to resolve corneal cells. In this paper, we report an optical design of a full-pupil field, non-contact corneal curved objective lens for high resolution cornea imaging. The advantages of this lens are that it has a wide field of view (FOV) with the corneal curved image surface, maintains the beam normal incidence, as well as non-contact lens imaging, and offers a cell-level lateral resolution of cornea structure. The analysis of optimization shows that the system achieves diffraction limit in a circular FOV of 4 mm diameter covering the full-pupil zone. The theoretical lateral resolution is about 2.5 μm with an image space NA of 0.16, which is sufficient to resolve corneal cells of 7 μm diameter, and the working distance is larger than 15 mm which is enough for a non-contact objective lens. So the optical design is effectively and efficiently meeting the demand of specifications.     

Image systems for the reaction field inside spheroidal dielectric objects and applications

Charges inside a dielectric object embedded in a dissimilar dielectric medium polarize the surrounding medium, which in turn makes a contribution, called the reaction field, to the electric field inside the object. In this work, we develop complete image systems for the reaction field inside a prolate or oblate spheroidal dielectric object embedded in an infinite dissimilar dielectric medium. In either case, an image system consists of a point image and a symmetric surface image over an exterior confocal spheroid that passes through the point image. As an application, the point image is applied into the generalized image charge solvation model (GICSM) and is tested in simulations of liquid water, and the results are analyzed in comparison with those obtained from the ICSM simulation as references. The results indicate that, for both the prolate and oblate cases, the single point image charge approximation for the reaction field inside the dielectric cavity of the model is good enough for the GICSM to faithfully reproduce typical static and dynamic properties of the liquid water at least when the spheroidal cavity has relatively small eccentricity.     

高清医用电子内窥镜微型CMOS摄像模组

研发并报道一个全新的130万像素电子内窥镜微型摄像模组.该模组采用低压差分信号技术实现图像数据的长距离高保真传输,它包括一个1/5.5英寸、分辨率为1 280×1 024像素的CMOS图像传感器,一个视场角为140°的小型镜头以及2个电路板.小型镜头座直接粘合到图像传感器的非光学窗口部分,两块印刷电路板垂直装配,使模组的尺寸缩小到长宽高分别为15.0 mm、5.5 mm、5.2 mm的空间.编码芯片将并行数字信号编码成低压差分信号经双绞线传出模组.搭建了实验系统并对摄像模组的实践性能进行评价.实验表明:模组分辨率达到136 lp·mm-1,图像传输距离达到2 m以上.紧凑的结构、高清分辨率图像、大视场和长传输距离使其适用于内窥镜诊治,特别是高清胃镜和结肠镜.