相对流量技术及其在电子碰撞微分散射截面测量中的应用

为了提高原子分子动力学参数的测量精度,本文把气体相对流量技术应用到快电子碰撞研究中.并且在此基础上测量了氙原子6s激发的广义振子强度,所得结果在小动量转移区间与前人的结果符合很好,表明气体相对流量技术在电子碰撞方法中的适用性.大动量转移区间6s的表观广义振子强度对电子碰撞能量的依赖行为,说明500 eV的电子碰撞能量还不满足一阶玻恩近似条件.与Hartree-Fock方法相比,考虑电子关联效应更全面的随机相移近似计算结果与本文的实验结果符合更好,说明对于像Xe这样的重原子,电子关联效应十分重要.     

广义振子强度密度

根据Born近似,可以计算高能电子碰撞激发的总截面和微分截面。微分截面是和所谓的广义振子强度成正比的。电子碰撞过程可将靶原子或离子激发至无数的束缚态、自电离态和对应的连续态,多通道量子数亏损理论能够统一地处理这些激发态。因此可以定义每单位激发能内的广义振子强度为广义振子强度密度。本文以Li原子为例,总结其广义振子强度密度随激发能量和动量转移而变化的规律,并和最近精确的实验结果进行了比较,明确了Born近似的适用范围。 关键词：     

原子的价壳层激发态波函数和跃迁特性

本文探讨了快电子碰撞下判别原子跃迁多极性的方法,指出了从实验上由广义振子强度比和光学振子强度比及中间耦合系数的归一化特性来确定中间耦合系数的方法.然后以氩原子为例,计算了其价壳层激发的中间耦合系数,并在2500 eV入射能量下实验测量了氩原子跃迁到3p54s[3/2]1和3p54s′[1/2]1的广义振子强度比,在此基础上阐明了氩原子价壳层激发的多极性,从实验上获得了氩原子3p54s[3/2]1和3p54s′[1/2]1的中间耦合系数.本文得出了LS耦合的波函数足以描述氩原子的光子或快带电粒子碰撞激发过程的结论,这是由于氩原子基态的LS耦合特性在快电子激发过程中选择了激发态波函数中的单态成份决定的.并指明该结论可以推广到描述其它原子的光子或快带电粒子的碰撞激发过程.     

电子与原子、离子碰撞过程的相对论效应

在玻恩近似下,建立了高能电子与原子、离于非弹性碰撞过程的相对论性理论计算方法,并以类Li等电子系列为例,阐明了电子与原子、离子非弹性碰撞过程的相对论效应.它包括:1.靶原子的相对论效应,它随原子序数的增加而增大.低z靶(如Li)的相对论效应可以忽略;对Au~(+76)靶的2_3—3p跃迁,广义振子强度相对论性计算值比相应的非相对论性值小27.1%.2.入射电子的相对论效应,它随入射电子能量的增加而增大.对高能入射电子,在特殊角度,要考虑广义振子强度横场项对微分截面的影响.在极端相对论情况下,如入射电子动能 关键词：     

氮气在100 eV以下的绝对振子强度密度

在入射电子能量为2500 eV、能量分辨为100 meV的条件下，得到了氮气在100 eV以下的绝对光学振子强度密度和广义振子强度密度；得到了23 eV和31.4 eV两个超激发态的绝对广义振子强度、并讨论了它们的动量转移依赖特性。     

质子碰撞硼原子非辐射的电荷转移过程

重粒子碰撞中的电子转移涉及复杂的电子关联机制,极大地影响等离子体中电荷态平衡,也是X射线的辐射的重要来源之一.电子转移截面与速率系数是国防工业发展核聚变等离子体所需要的重要原子参数.基于全量子的非辐射分子轨道密耦合方法,系统研究了质子碰撞硼原子在10^-3—10³ eV/u能量区间内的硼原子电子转移过程.计算采用多参考组:态方法得到总共15个电子转移、激发以及弹性散射的通道,每个通道对应的分子态能量得到了与实验符合较好的结果.分子态的绝热势能曲线间的避免交叉现象明显,构成了电子转移的主要途径.计算发现,质子碰撞硼原子过程中2s轨道的电子转移是占主导地位,2p轨道的电子转移贡献较小.在低能区,电子转移截面出现了明显的量子共振现象,这些共振主要来源于不同能量通道的耦合.此外,还计算了不同温度下的质子碰撞硼原子的电子转移速率,该速率可为复杂等离子体环境的模拟诊断提供重要的原子参数支持.     

氮分子a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=0)和a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=1)+b~1Π_u(v'=0)广义振子强度的高能电子散射研究

利用快电子能量损失谱仪结合相对流量技术,在入射电子能量1500 eV和能量分辨70 meV的条件下,测量了氮分子a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=0)和a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=1)+b~1Π_u(v'=0)激发态的广义振子强度.通过与已有的电子散射结果以及X射线散射结果对比发现,对于a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=0)和a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=1)+b~1Π_u(v'=0),我们的结果与X射线散射结果在大动量转移出现差异,这表明对a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=0)和a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=1),即使入射电子能量1500 eV也没有达到一阶玻恩近似条件.在动量转移平方小于2 a.u.时,a″~1Σ_g~+(v'=1)+b~1Π_u(v'=0)与X射线散射结果的符合表明,对b~1Π_u(v'=0),1500 eV入射电子能量已经达到一阶玻恩近似条件.     

广义振子强度矩阵元节线的规律

本文分析了从初态nl到末态n＇l＇(包括连续态)的广义振子强度矩阵元节线的规律(个数和位置)。利用我们提出的分区标度的方法,从氢原子广义振子强度节线的规律出发,通过简单的标度得到了多电子原子广义振子强度节线在高动量转移区的规津。在低动量转移区,还讨论了由于初态和末态量子数亏损的差Δμ对广义振子强度节线所产生的影响;Δμ>0的节线几何结构与Δμ<0的节线几何结构完全不相同。 关键词：     

730 eV电子碰撞He原子(e, 2e)电离的三重微分截面

考虑初态He原子电子间的关联效应、末态敲出电子与剩余束缚电子间的关联效应和末态屏蔽效应, 计算和分析了在共面、大能量损失和小动量转移这一特殊几何条件下730eV电子离化He原子的三重微分截面. 所得结果与Stevenson等人的相对实验数据和CCC理论计算结果进行比较发现: 所得到的理论曲线能够反映实验数据给出的三重微分截面的结构特征.     

730 eV电子碰撞He原子(e, 2e)电离的三重微分截面

考虑初态He原子电子间的关联效应、末态敲出电子与剩余束缚电子间的关联效应和末态屏蔽效应, 计算和分析了在共面、大能量损失和小动量转移这一特殊几何条件下730eV电子离化He原子的三重微分截面. 所得结果与Stevenson等人的相对实验数据和CCC理论计算结果进行比较发现: 所得到的理论曲线能够反映实验数据给出的三重微分截面的结构特征.     

Absolute triple differential cross sections for electron impact ionization of helium: Comparison between experimental and theoretical results at 256 eV collision energy

Triple differential cross sections have been measured for electron impact ionization of helium at 256 eV collision energy, 3 eV energy of the slow outgoing electrons and scattering angles of the fast outgoing electrons of 4°, 6°, 8°, and 10°. The data have been put on absolute scale by extrapolating the generalized oscillator strength to zero momentum transfer. In this optical limit the triple differential cross sections can be normalized by using the well-known cross sections for photoionization. The experimental data are compared with results of different theoretical approaches. For nearly all calculated curves rather good agreement with the measurements is obtained for the relative shape of the binary peak, while often its absolute cross section is overestimated. Concerning the recoil peak, larger discrepancies are found with respect to both, relative shapes and cross sections. A perceptible improvement can be stated for calculations which have been performed in a distorted wave approximation and in second Born approximation.     

氮分子{a'^1}\Sigma _g^ (v' = 0)和{a'^1}\Sigma _g^ + (v' = 1) + {b^1}\Pi _u(v' = 0) 广义振子强度的高能电子散射研究

利用快电子能量损失谱仪结合相对流量技术,在入射电子能量1500 eV和能量分辨70 meV的条件下,测量了氮分子{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ (v'' = 0)和{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ + (v'' = 1) + {b^1}\Pi _u(v'' = 0)激发态的广义振子强度。通过与已有的电子散射结果以及X射线散射结果对比发现,对于{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ (v'' = 0)和{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ + (v'' = 1) + {b^1}\Pi _u(v'' = 0),我们的结果与X射线散射结果在大动量转移出现差异,这表明对{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ (v'' = 0)和{a''^1}\Sigma _g^ (v'' = 1),即使入射电子能量1500 eV也没有达到一阶玻恩近似条件。在动量转移平方小于2 a.u.时, {a''^1}\Sigma _g^ + (v'' = 1) + {b^1}\Pi _u(v'' = 0)与X射线散射结果的符合表明,对{b^1}\Pi _u(v'' = 0),1500 eV入射电子能量已经达到一阶玻恩近似条件。     

H<Superscript>+</Superscript> and He<Superscript>2+</Superscript> impact charge transfer cross sections of magnesium

H⁺ impact single and He²⁺ impact single and double electron capture cross sections of magnesium atoms have been calculated in the modified binary encounter approximation (BEA). The accurate expressions of ion impact s_DE\sigma _{\Delta {E}} (cross section for energy transfer DE\Delta E) and Hartree-Fock momentum distributions of the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. On the basis of the present work it is concluded that inner shell captures by H⁺ and He²⁺ ions incident on magnesium atoms contribute partly to single electron capture and partly to transfer ionization cross sections. The calculated He²⁺ impact double electron capture cross sections of magnesium are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental observations. This indicates the success of the present theoretical approach in study of charge transfer cross sections of atoms as indirect mechanisms do not interfere with double electron capture processes in this case.     

高能入射电子与原子离子碰撞激发截面

本文采用玻恩近似,计算高能入射电子与原子(离子)碰撞激发截面。其中仔细处理了包括复杂原子在内的跃迁矩阵元角部分,因而可以作广泛计算。本文还将计算所得结果与其他方法作了比较,其符合程度一般是相当好的。     

Electron momentum distributions and binding energies for the valence orbitals of hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide

Electron binding energy spectra and momentum distributions have been obtained for the valence orbitals of HBr and HI using noncoplanar symmetric electron coincidence spectroscopy at 1200 eV. The weakly bonding inner valence ns orbitals, which have not been observed previously, have their spectroscopic (pole) strength severely split among a number of ion states. For HBr the strength of the “main” inner valence (ns) transition is 0.42±0.03 whereas for HI it is 0.37±0.04, in close agreement with the value observed for the valence s orbitals of the corresponding isoelectronic inert-gas atoms. The spectroscopic strength for the two outermost orbitals is found to be close to unity, in agreement with many-body Green's function calculations. The measured momentum distributions are compared with several spherically averaged MO momentum distributions, as well as (for HBr) with a Green's function calculation of the generalized overlap amplitude (GOA). The GOA momentum distributions are in excellent agreement with the HBr data, both in shape and relative magnitude. Not all of the MO momentum distributions are in reasonable agreement with the data. Comparison is also made with the calculated momentum distributions for Kr, Br, Xe and I.     

低能电子与类锂碳离子碰撞的共振激发

 考虑了内壳层电子激发的组态相互作用后,采用R矩阵方法计算了电子碰撞类锂碳离子的共振激发碰撞强度。对于1s²2s²s-1s²2p²p跃迁,结果介于密耦方法和Coulomb-Born交换近似结果之间,而且除了紧靠近激发阈值的 能量区域外与实验结果符合。     

Superelastic electron scattering within a magnetic angle changer: determination of the angular momentum transferred during electron excitation over all scattering angles

By utilizing superelastic electron scattering from laser-excited atoms within a new magnetic angle changing device, the differential cross sections for excitation of atoms by electron impact over the complete scattering geometry are determined for the first time. In the experiments described here, these techniques are combined to reveal the angular momentum transferred to calcium atoms during electron excitation to the 4(1) P(1) state, from near 0 degrees to beyond 180 degrees . The experiments are discussed, and results presented for energies of 45 and 55 eV. These results are compared to calculations using a distorted wave Born approximation.