分层沉积GaAs/SiO2纳米薄膜的结构和吸收光谱

应用射频磁控溅射方法分别在抛光硅片和石英玻璃片上分层沉积了GaAs/SiO2纳米薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及吸收光谱的测试,发现衬底温度、退火、氢掺杂等制备工艺对分层沉积的GaAs/SiO2纳米薄膜的微观结构和光学性质有明显的影响.本文对相关机理作了探讨.     

片状ZnSe纳米材料的溶剂热法制备及表征

采用溶剂热法,对制备的前驱体进行热处理,最后得到了片状结构的ZnSe纳米材料.然后利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM))和光致发光谱(PL)等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、形貌、微结构和光学性质等进行了表征分析.结果表明制备的ZnSe块状结构是由厚度大约在200 ～300 nm纳米带堆叠而成,其晶体结构为密排六方晶体结构.此外,通过分析反应过程,对片状ZnSe生成过程中的可能的化学反应和片状ZnSe可能的形成机理做了简单的分析.     

ZnS空心微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用简单的一步溶剂热法合成了ZnS空心微球.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对其形貌、结构和光学性质进行了分析,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物研究了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:样品为纯度较高的立方闪锌矿型ZnS微球,且球体由纳米级小微粒组装而成;在降解RhB的光催化研究中,以乙醇-水为溶剂合成的ZnS微球光催化性能较优.     

Zn2SiO4纳米材料的可控制备及光吸收性能研究

以Zn(NO2)2·6H2O和纳米SiO2为原料,采用水热法,通过控制反应体系pH值制备了Zn2SiO4纳米颗粒、纳米棒及海胆形微米球.采用X射线衍射(XRD)及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品的物相组成和微观形貌进行了表征.并采用紫外-可见漫反射测试(UV-vis DRS)测定了样品的光吸收性能,DRS结果显示Zn2SiO4纳米材料的光吸收主要集中在紫外光区,与Zn2SiO4纳米棒和纳米颗粒相比,海胆形Zn2SiO4微米球的吸收峰更宽,表明其对光的利用范围要大于纳米棒和纳米颗粒.     

超声辅助介孔纳米TiO2光催化剂制备与光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,在高能超声的辅助作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米TiO2光催化剂,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光光度计(UV-Vis)等对光催剂进行检测与表征.结果表明:高能超声的空化作用细化了纳米TiO2的显微结构,形成了分散有序的介孔结构.当超声频率为45 kHz时,纳米TiO2的晶粒尺寸约为12 nm,介孔孔道尺寸为10 nm,对有机污染物的有效降解率为92;.     

具有二级结构的Co3O4纳米材料的控制合成与光催化性能研究

采用水热法成功合成了二级结构的Co3O4纳米材料。借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征,研究了溶液的pH值、表面活性剂聚乙二醇PEG的用量等反应条件对产物形貌的影响。结果表明,当Co(NO3)2·6H2O为1.8mol/L,pH值为8、PEG用量为10g时,可以获得完美二级结构--柿饼状的Co3O4纳米材料,其光学带隙为1.49eV,该结构的Co3O4纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能优异。     

溶剂热合成氮化硼纳米晶过程中氮源种类的影响

以NaNH2和BC l3为原料,利用溶剂热方法合成了六方氮化硼纳米微晶,并用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法分析了微粒的结构,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测了BN微粒的粒度和微观形貌。与早期用L i3N为氮源合成的氮化硼(产物中具有较多纳米棒)相比,本文中制备的氮化硼纳米晶主要呈球形,颗粒粒度明显增大,而且产率有较大幅度的提高。     

沉积温度对热蒸发法制备SiO2一维纳米材料的影响

利用热蒸发法在N型硅片表面成功制备出大面积SiO2纳米线和SiO2纳米棒结构.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能量色散谱(EDX),拉曼光谱(RS)和光致发光(PL)对合成的产物进行了表征.结果表明,用此方法生长的SiO2纳米材料,其结构和形貌与生长参数关系密切,随着沉积温度降低纳米线长度变短,最后呈现出棒状结构.此外,还研究了SiO2纳米结构独特的光学性质.该研究对改善光电子半导体器件的性能应用具有重要意义.     

Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能分析

在制备的Ag纳米线的基础上,用水热法合成了Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见双光束分光光度计(UV-vis)、光致发光扫描仪(PL)等检测设备对样品的成分、形貌、微结构及光学性能进行了表征.结果显示,制备的Ag/ZnS复合材料为ZnS纳米颗粒包覆Ag纳米线的核壳结构,其紫外吸收峰位于350 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒变宽并发生红移,PL发射峰位于462 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒发生了蓝移,强度明显降低.光催化结果显示,Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的光催化性能优于ZnS纳米颗粒,分析了光催化反应机理.     

SnS片状纳米晶的制备及其表征

用水热法制备了SnS片状纳米晶.通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(EDS)等方法对所制备的样品SnS粉晶的结构形貌及组分进行了表征.研究了影响合成SnS片状纳米晶的几个因素,讨论了片状纳米晶生长过程与(040)晶面择优取向的关系,并分析了SnS片状纳米晶的合成机理.     

Structural,morphological, ionic conductivity,and thermal properties of pectin-based polymer electrolytes

New polymer electrolytes (PEs), potentially interesting for solid-state electrochemical devices applications, were synthesized by a solvent casting method using pectin and ionic liquid (IL) N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([N_{1 1 1 2(OH)}] [NTf₂]. The resulting electrolytes besides being moderately homogenous and thermally stable below 155°C, they also exhibited good mechanical properties. The SPE membranes were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and complex impedance spectroscopy.     

Preparation and characterization of Si sheets by renewed SSP technique

Silicon sheets from powder (SSP) ribbons have been prepared by modified SSP technique using electronic-grade (9N purity) silicon powder. The surface morphology, crystallographic quality, composition and electric properties of the SSP ribbons were investigated by surface profiler, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallurgical microscope, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and four-point probe apparatus, respectively. The results show that the SSP ribbon made from electronic-grade silicon powder is a suitable candidate for the substrates of crystalline silicon thin film (CSiTF) solar cells, which could meet the primary requirements of CSiTF solar cell process on the substrates, including surface smoothness, crystallographic quality, purity and electric conductivity, etc.     

Low temperature synthesis of spindle‐like ZnO nanostructures under microwave irradiation

A simple and general microwave route is developed to synthesize nanostructured ZnO using Zn(acac)₂·H₂O (acac = acetylacetonate) as a single source precursor. The reaction time has a great influence on the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures and an interesting spindle‐like nanostructure is obtained. The microstructure and morphology of the synthesized materials are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). It is found that all of them with hexagonal wurtzite phase are of single crystalline structure in nature. Ultraviolet–visible (UV‐vis) absorption spectra of these ZnO nanostructures are investigated and a possible formation mechanism for the spindle‐like ZnO nanostructures is also proposed.     

Controlled synthesis of various morphologies of nanostructured zinc oxide: flower,nanoplate, and urchin

Nanoplates, flower‐like nanostructure of ZnO were successfully synthesized by employing ZnSO₄·7H₂O, NaOH as the starting materials at 120°C under hydrothermal condition. Keeping the same parameters, ZnO urchin shape was obtained by addition of vitamin C at 190°C. Characterizations were carried out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at room temperature. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern confirms that the product is single crystalline nature. The possible formation mechanisms for synthesized ZnO nanosturcture with various morphologies have also been proposed. PL spectrum from the ZnO flower‐like structures reveals weak UV emission and strong green emission. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

高质量CVD金刚石膜的氧化损伤

高质量CVD金刚石膜的高温损伤的研究是其高温应用的基础。抛光的金刚石膜经780℃保温3min后,红外透过和可见光的透过率开始下降;780℃保温15min后,其红外透过和可见光的透过率严重受损。扫描电镜、原子力学显微镜及台阶仪的结果表明：CVD金刚石膜氧化的开始阶段主要集中在晶界、表面孔洞等缺陷处,随后导致金刚石膜的晶面也开始刻蚀,表面粗糙度增大,最终使得金刚石膜丧失红外和可见光的透过。     

前驱体法制备氮氧化硅纳米线及其光学性能研究

在Ni催化剂的存在下,通过SiCl4的水解氨解反应并在1300℃氨气气氛中进行热氮化处理制得了无定形氮氧化硅纳米线.产物经X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等表征手段进行分析,结果表明纳米线为无定形结构,直径为100～150nm.在波长为220nm的光激发下,产物的光致发光光谱(PL)在563nm和289nm处分别出现了一个强的绿光发光峰和一个弱的紫光发光峰.对纳米线的生长机理进行分析,表明纳米线的生长遵循气-液-固(VLS)机制控制模式.     

Synthesis,characterization and gas sensing properties of flowerlike In2O3 composed of microrods

Flowerlike structured In₂O₃ were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process and the subsequent calcinations. The obtained sample consists of microrods with an average diameter of 0.5‐1 μm and a length of 1‐3 μm. Structure and property of the sample were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sensing properties towards trimethylamine (TMA) were examined at 200‐400 °C, which showed high sensitivity, better selectivity, and prompt response/recovery merits. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Capsule‐like α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles: Synthesis,characterization, and growth mechanism

Uniform capsule‐like α‐Fe₂O₃ particles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, employing FeCl₃ and CH₃COONa as the precursors and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as soft template. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure of synthesized products. Some factors influencing the formation of capsule‐like α‐Fe₂O₃ particles were systematically investigated, including different kinds of surfactants, the concentration of SDS, and reaction times. The investigation on the evolution formation reveals that SDS was critical to control the morphology of final products, and a possible five‐step growth mechanism was presented by tracking the structures of the products at different reaction stages.     

一维ZnE(E=S,Se)网状微米晶须的化学气相合成及生长机理研究

以Zn粉为原料,在CuE(E=S, Se)微米球的辅助下,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在Si衬底上成功制备出微米级ZnE(E=S, Se)网状晶须.用XRD,EDS,SEM和PL谱分别对产物的结构、成分、形貌和结晶质量进行了测试和分析.结果表明:生长的ZnS和ZnSe微米晶须均为立方闪锌矿结构,长度达300 μm以上,具有接近理想化学计量比的成分和较高的结晶质量.ZnE微米晶须的生长符合氧化还原反应下的气-液-固生长机制,Cu3Zn合金充当了实际的微米晶须生长催化剂,在晶须生长过程中Cu3Zn合金汇聚在一起使ZnE微米晶须形成交叉网状结构.     

超临界水中制备FeIn_2S_4纳米颗粒

采用硫代乙酰胺(TAA)、三氯化铁和四氯化铟为原料,超临界水为反应介质,用简单的一步法成功地合成出了FeIn_2S_4纳米颗粒.利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明,所得产物为立方相的、面心晶格结构的FeIn_2S_4,电镜结果显示FeIn_2S_4纳米颗粒具有片状形貌,颗粒大小在50～100 nm之间,并具有较好的分散性.