Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel 6‐Alkylamino‐11,12‐dihydro‐11‐arylbenzo[c]phenanthridine Derivatives

A series of novel benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2f , 2g , 2h , 2i , 2j , 2k , 2l , 2m and 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f bearing an alkylamino side chain at their 6‐position were synthesized. All of the target compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS, and some of them were also characterized by IR and ¹⁹F NMR. The preliminary bioassays showed that the target compounds displayed fungicidal activities; for example, compound 2l showed 60.0% and 70.0% inhibitive activity against Alternaria solani and Cercospora arachidicola at 50 mg/L, respectively, and some compounds also displayed plant growth‐regulating activities.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1‐(Substituted phenoxyacetoxy)‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl or thien‐2‐yl)methylphosphonates

A series of novel O,O‐dimethyl 1‐(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl or thien‐2‐yl)methylphosphonates 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g , 6h , 6i , 6j , 6k , 6l , 6m , 6n and 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal and fungicidal activities. For example, the title compounds 6a , 6c , 6l , 6m , and 7d possess 90–100% inhibition against most of the tested plants at the dosage of 1500 g ai/ha, whereas the title compounds 6b , 6g , 6h and 6n possess 92–100% inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Phyricularia grisea, Botrytis cinereapers, Gibberella zeae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Cercospora beticola at the concentration of 50 mg/L.     

Design,Synthesis, Antifungal Activities and SARs of (R)‐2‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydrothiazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Based on the structure of natural product 2‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrothiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid, a series of novel (R)‐2‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrothiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS. The single crystal structure of compound 9b was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The antifungal activities were evaluated for the first time. The bioassay results indicated that most compounds exhibited moderate to good antifungal activities. The antifungal activities of compound 13a (against Cercospora arachidicola Hori), 13d (against Alternaria solani), and 16e (against Cercospora arachidicola Hori) were 61.9%, 67.3% and 61.9%, respectively, which are higher than those of the commercial fungicides chlorothalonil and carbendazim. Moreover, compound 13d exhibited excellent antifungal activities against 7 kinds of the fungi tested (66.7%, 77.3%, 63.0%, 87.9%, 70.0%, 70.0% and 80.0% at 50 µg?mL). Therefore, 13d can be used as a new lead structure for the development of antifungal agents.     

Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Strobilurin Analogues Containing 1,2,4‐Triazole Oxime Ether Moiety

Strobilurins are a class of important agricultural fungicides that are used widely in plant protection. To find new strobilurin analogues with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of new strobilurin derivatives bearing 1,2,4‐triazole oxime ether side chain 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, EIMS, and elemental analyses. Bioassays indicated that some of the compounds showed good fungicidal activities in the concentration of 50 mg/L. For example, compound 3f possessed 100%, 100%, and 95.5% inhibition against Fusarium omysporum, Physalospora piricola Nose, and Gibberella saubinetii at the concentration of 50 mg/L, respectively.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of O‐Methyl Methyl 1‐(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy)‐1‐(thien‐2‐yl)methylphosphinates

A series of novel O‐methyl methyl 1‐(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)‐1‐(thien‐2‐yl)methylphosphinates 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal and fungicidal activities. For example, the title compounds 5c , 5d , and 5g possess 90–100% inhibition against the tested plants at the concentration of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L, whereas the title compounds 5a , 5b , 5c , and 5h possess 70–94% inhibition against Phyricularia grisea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the concentration of 50 mg/L.     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 5‐Alkyl(aryl)‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐imines

A series of novel 5‐alkyl(aryl)‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐imines were designed and synthesized by the multistep reactions. 1 reacted with 3‐(trifluoromethyl)aniline to obtain N,S‐acetals 2 in the presence of 10 mol% DBU. 2 reacted with hydrazine to form 5‐amino‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐ nitrile 3 , the target compounds 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j , 5k , 5l , 5m were obtained by the reaction of 3 with triethyl orthoformate followed by the cyclization of 4 with various amines. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, EI‐MS, and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of them displayed moderate herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weed Brassica campestris L at the concentration of 100 mg/L. For example, compounds 5f , 5g , 5h , and 5j possessed 60.1%, 63.4%, 67.1%, and 61.3% inhibition against Brassica campestris L at the concentration of 100 mg/L.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Ethyl 4‐Alkyl‐2‐(2‐(substituted phenoxy)acetamido)thiazole‐5‐carboxylate

A series of novel ethyl 4‐(methyl or trifluoromethyl)‐2‐(2‐(substituted phenoxy)acetamido)thiazole‐5‐carboxylates 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d , 7e and 8f , 8g , 8h , 8i , 8j , 8k , 8l , 8m , 8n , 8o , 8p , 8q , 8r were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H‐NMR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal activities. Compared with the fluorine free compounds 7a , 7b , and 7e , the compounds bearing fluorine 8g , 8j , and 8q showed higher herbicidal activities with 70–100% inhibition against Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Amaranthus restroflexus, and Eclipta prostrata at the dosage of 150 g/ha, which indicated that the trifluoromethyl on the thiazole ring was beneficial for the herbicidal activity. Furthermore, compounds 8f , 8g , 8h , 8i , 8j , 8k , 8l , 8m , 8n , 8o , 8p , 8q , 8r were tested for fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis at 500 µg/mL. Compounds 8f and 8q showed the best fungicidal activity with more than 80% inhibition.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New N‐substituted‐5‐arylidene‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones

A total of 17 new N‐substituted derivatives ( 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2f , 2g , 2h , 2i , 2j , 2k and 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h ) of 5‐((2‐phenylthiazol‐4‐yl)methylene) thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione ( 2a ) and 5‐(2,6‐dichloro‐ benzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione ( 3a ) were synthesized. The structural elucidation of the newly synthesized compounds was based on elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR), and their antimicrobial activities were assessed in vitro against several strains of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and one fungal strain (Candida albicans) as growth inhibition diameter. Some of them showed modest to good antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus fecalis bacterial strains, whereas almost all the compounds were inactive against Listeria monocytogenes. All of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to very good activity against C. albicans.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4‐[(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy)methyl]‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐1‐one

A series of novel 4‐[(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)methyl]‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐1‐one 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g , 4h , 4i , 4j , 4k , 4l , 4m , 4n , 4o were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal and fungicidal activities. For example, the title compounds 4b , 4c , 4f , 4h , 4i , and 4j possess 90–100% inhibition against the growth of roots of both rape and barnyard grass at 10 mg/L. Moreover, the title compounds 4f , 4g , and 4h possess 75–89% inhibition against Botrytis cinerea at the concentration of 50 mg/L.     

新型不对称草酰二胺类化合物的设计、合成及生物活性

以氯虫酰胺和氟虫腈骨架结构为基础, 依据生物合理设计思想引入酰胺键活性基团, 设计合成了一系列新型不对称草酰二胺类化合物, 通过核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱对合成的化合物进行了结构表征. 初步生物活性测试结果表明, 在浓度为200 mg/L时, 目标化合物未表现出良好的杀粘虫活性, 但具有一定的抑菌活性; 在浓度为50 mg/L时, 化合物6e和6f对番茄早疫病菌的抑菌率为45.0%, 高于其它化合物, 表明含有2,4,6-三氯苯环的该系列化合物对番茄早疫病菌具有良好的抑菌活性; 化合物6g对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌率为51.9%, 高于其它化合物, 表明含有较大空间位阻的该系列化合物对苹果轮纹病菌具有良好的抑菌活性.     

Synthesis of New (Pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives by Unexpected Aromatization During Oxidative Cyclization of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbohydrazones and Their Biological Activities

A series of novel 2‐(4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐5‐(Aryl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles were synthesized by unexpected aromatization during oxidative cyclization of 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbohydrazones using chloramine‐T as an oxidant. The hydrazones were derived from 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbohydrazide and various substituted aldehydes. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular and antioxidant activities. All the compounds 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g , 4h and 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h showed good antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (minimum inhibitory concentration = 25 µg/mL for 4f and 4g , 50–100 µg/mL for the rest). However, all the compounds exhibited poor antioxidant activity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazil free radical.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Novel 2‐Alkylpyrrole Derivatives

To investigate the alkyl analog of insecticide chlorfenapyr, two series of 2‐alkyl‐4‐bromo‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole‐3‐carbonitriles were synthesized with a cycloaddition as the key step. The target products were characterized by ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, or HRMS. The insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activities of the target compounds were evaluated and found that these compounds did not show much insecticidal activity, but compounds 4 , 10 , and 11 had very good fungicidal activities against Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, compound 4 had an outstanding inhibition effect against pigweed.     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel 4‐Acyl‐2,5‐disubstituted‐3‐hydroxypyrazoles and 4‐Arylcarbonyl‐3‐substitutedisoxazol‐5‐ones

Two series of novel 4‐acyl‐2,5‐disubstituted‐3‐hydroxypyrazoles 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h and 4‐arylcarbonyl‐3‐substitutedisoxazol‐5‐ones 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d , 7e , 7f , 7g , 7h , 7i were synthesized by the Scotton–Baumann reaction of 2,5‐disubstituted‐2,4‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐3‐ones 1 or 3‐substituted‐4H‐isoxazol‐5‐ones 6 and various acyl chlorides, followed by the Fries rearrangement in the presence of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide as the catalyst. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. ¹H NMR indicated that compounds 3 existed in enol forms and compounds 7 in keto configurations. The results of preliminary bioassays showed that some of the title compounds 3 and 7 exhibited moderate to good herbicidal activities against Brassica campestris L. at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Isoxazole compounds 7 showed better herbicidal activity against B. campestris L. than pyrazole compounds 3 did at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Moreover, most of the isoxazole compounds displayed higher herbicidal activity against B. campestris L. than Echinochloa crus‐galli. However, these compounds showed weak herbicidal activities at the concentration of 10 mg/L.     

新型α-蒎烯基苯磺酰胺类化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以天然产物α蒎烯为原料,经多步反应合成了9个新型α-蒎烯基苯磺酰胺类化合物（7a~7i）,其结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 FT-IR和MS(ESI)表征。采用离体法测试了化合物的抗真菌活性。结果表明：在50 μg·mL^-1浓度下,目标化合物对黄瓜枯萎病菌、花生褐斑病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、小麦赤霉病菌以及番茄早疫病菌等5种植物病原菌有一定的抑制活性,其中化合物α-蒎烯基p-氯苯基磺酰胺(7d, R=p-Cl)和α-蒎烯基o-硝基苯基磺酰胺(7h, R=o-NO₂)对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率分别为83.9%和79.6%（B级活性水平）,优于阳性对照百菌清（75.0%）;化合物α-蒎烯基m-甲基苯基磺酰胺(7b, R=m-Me)对番茄早疫病菌的抑制率为82.2%（B级活性水平）,优于阳性对照百菌清（73.9%）。-     

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some new 4‐substituted‐3‐aryl‐1‐(2,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)pyrazoles

Synthesis of a series of new 4‐substituted‐3‐aryl‐1‐(2,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)pyrazoles ( 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2f , 2g , 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , and 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g ) is described. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against two gram‐positive and two gram‐negative bacteria, namely, Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8509), Bacillus stearothermophilus (MTCC 8508), Escherichia coli (MTCC 51), and Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 121), and their activity was compared with two commercial antibiotics, streptomycin and chloramphenicol. Two compounds, namely, 3‐(4‐anisyl)‐1‐(2,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)pyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde ( 2b ) and 3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1‐(2,6‐dimethyl pyrimidin‐4‐yl)pyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde ( 2g ) were found to be equipotent to streptomycin and chloramphenicol against gram‐negative bacteria, E. coli having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value = 4 μg/mL. Compounds 4b and 4d also displayed good activity against E. coli with MIC = 8 μg/mL. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).     

Efficient Synthesis of Novel 3‐Phenyl‐5‐thioxo‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazole‐2(1H)‐carbothioamide Derivatives Using a CeO2–MgO Catalyst and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

Imidazo[4,5‐c ]pyrazole derivatives ( 3a–f , 4a–f , and 5a–f ) were efficiently synthesized by one‐pot three‐component reactions using CeO₂–MgO as the catalyst. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopic analyses. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against various bacterial and fungal strains was screened. Compound 3b was highly active [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.5 μg/mL] against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus , and compounds 3b , 3f , 4d , and 4e were highly active (MIC: 0.5, 2, 2, and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively) against Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae , relative to standard ciprofloxacin in the antibacterial activity screening. Compounds 3b and 4f were highly active (MIC: 4 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively) against Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum audouinii in the antifungal activity screening compared with the clotrimazole standard.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new 4,6‐diaryl‐ 4,5‐dihydro‐3‐hydroxy‐2H‐indazoles

A series of new 4,6‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐hydroxy‐2H‐indazoles 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j , 5k were synthesized by the cyclization of ethyl 2‐oxo‐4,6‐diarylcyclohex‐3‐ene carboxylates 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g , 4h , 4i , 4j , 4k . The compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 2D NMR, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus sp. Most of the compounds exhibited good activity against the tested organisms. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,, (2012).     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel [4‐(1,2,3‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)phenoxy]methylene anchored 1,3,4‐triazoles and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles

A series of novel [4‐(1,2,3‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)phenoxy]methylene anchored 1,3,4‐triazoles ( 8a , 8b , 8c , 8d , 8e , 8f , 8g , 8h ) and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles ( 9a , 9b , 9c , 9d , 9e , 9f , 9g , 9h , 9i ) were synthesized from thiosemicarbazide ( 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d , 7e , 7f , 7g , 7h , 7i , 7j ). The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, ¹H‐NMR, mass spectral techniques, and elemental analysis. The in vitro antimicrobial screenings of the synthesized compounds were carried out against four bacterial pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus, using broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration method. The compounds 7d , 7j , 8a , 9a , 9b , and 9i exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the tested strains, whereas some compounds were found to be active against one of the tested bacterial strains.     

Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of (E)‐5‐[1‐(2‐Oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐4‐one Derivatives

The novel fungicidal agents, (E )‐5‐[1‐(2‐oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐ 4‐one derivatives, were designed and synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in four steps using α ‐hydroxyketone and diketene as raw materials and characterized by HR‐ESI‐MS , ¹H NMR and X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary bioassay showed that some of these compounds, such as 5e , 6a , 6e , and 7 h exhibit 87.8%, 91.3%, 89.9% and 87.8% inhibition rates against Sclerotinia scleotiorum , 3b , 3c , 4c and 7 h exhibit 96.4%, 92.5%, 90.3% and 76.9% inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici at the concentration of 50 µg/mL , respectively. These compounds exhibited significant fungicidal activities against S. scleotiorum and P. capsici with EC₅₀ values of 2.56–11.60 µg/mL , and compounds 6e and 7 h exhibited weak inhibition against the spore germination of S. scleotiorum , while the spore germination of P. capsici was strongly inhibited by compound 7 h solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) observation indicated that compound 7 h had a significant impact on the structure and function of the hyphal cell wall of P. capsici mycelium.     

Optical Activity 1,5‐Substituted‐1,3,5‐hexahydrotriazine‐2‐N‐nitroimines: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity

Twelve novel neonicotinoid analogues 1‐(2‐furfuryl)‐5‐substituted‐1,3,5‐hexahydrotriazine‐2‐N‐nitroimines 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h , 3i , 3j , 3k , 3l were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay tests showed that all the title compounds gave ≥90% mortality against Nilaparvata lugen 500 mg/L.