黑腔靶辐射温度实验研究

研究腔靶辐射温度与靶型及激光辐照条件的关系.实验利用神光-Ⅱ基频光,激光能量为3-5 kJ/8束,脉宽为0.6-0.9ns打Au腔靶.采用滤片-x射线二极管(XRD)阵列谱仪及平响应-x射线二极管(P-XRD)分别测量腔靶诊断口辐射软x射线强度谱及其角分布,给出了等效辐射温度为140-180eV.同时,利用多针孔时、空分辨成像技术,观测诊断口发射软x射线时空特性,实验现象表明两种诊断口(衬Be环与无Be环)在160-170eV辐射温度条件下,辐射烧蚀产生的等离子体云均对腔内发射x射线流形成一定程度的阻挡作用,数据处理结果,给出了相应条件下辐射温度推算中需要的等效诊断口面积修正因子,平均值为0.79,并用此数据对测量的软x射线强度谱进行修正,达到提高辐射温度测量精度的目的.     

基频光腔靶辐射温度定标

研究腔靶辐射温度和X光耦合效率与靶结构及激光辐照条件的依赖关系。利用神光-Ⅱ基频光(波长1．053μm,能量3～5kJ／8束,脉宽0．6～0．9ns)辐照金腔靶。采用软X光能谱仪及平响应探测器分别测量腔靶诊断口辐射X光功率谱及其能量角分布。同时,利用五针孔时、空分辨成像技术对腔靶诊断口发射软X光进行实验观测,给出辐射温度推算中需要的等效诊断口面积修正因子。在北京同步辐射软X光标定站,对上述诊断用软X光探测元器件进行了全谱范围(0．05～1．5kev)的绝对标定,以提高X光辐射功率和黑腔辐射温度的诊断精度．     

神光Ⅲ原型1 ns激光驱动黑腔辐射温度实验研究

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上,利用八束三倍频激光注入金柱腔靶,开展了光学高温计与软X射线能谱仪测量辐射温度的比对研究;利用功率平衡关系式,分析了神光Ⅲ原型1 ns内爆标准腔、1 ns输运腔的辐射温度与激光功率的关系,得到了两种腔靶X射线转换效率（耦合效率）约为50%—55%. 关键词： 辐射温度 冲击波 黑腔靶 激光靶耦合效率     

X射线辐射输运分解实验研究

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上进行了X射线辐射输运分解实验研究.实验中利用高时空分辨的MCP选通X射线皮秒分幅相机和软X射线条纹相机从缝口观测腔内壁X射线辐射时空分布,得到X射线在腔中的输运速率、X射线持续发射时间和轴向强度衰减量;利用X射线CCD针孔透射光栅谱仪观测到腔内X射线辐射光谱随空间位置的变化,得到X射线在输运过程中被多次吸收和发射后谱的变化特征;用X射线二极管和亚千X射线能谱仪分别得到源和输运末端X射线辐射总量和辐射温度.介绍了实验中采用的诊断技术和实验方法,并给出了获得的典型结果. 关键词：     

X射线二极管时间特性研究

研究X射线二极管(XRD)时间特性.XRD 是构成软X射线能谱仪的主要部件，它用于激光等离子体发射软X射线谱测量.实验利用激光聚变研究中心的200TW激光器(激光能量～6J，脉冲宽度～30fs)打金箔靶产生的X射线发射谱,用滤片(Al)-XRD探测系统测量，探测信号由高频电缆(SUJ-50-10)传输和宽带示波器(TDS694C和TDS6604B)记录.实验数据进行了线性拟合和比对分析. 关键词： X射线二极管 时间特性 软X射线能谱仪 数据处理     

“神光Ⅱ”基频光黑腔靶实验超热电子诊断

介绍“神光Ⅱ”首次进行大能量基频光黑腔靶实验超热电子实验观测,采用十道滤波荧光谱仪(FFS)测量腔靶发射15—250keV硬x射线谱,由高能x射线谱通量推断超热电子占入射激光能量份额ηhe为13%—16%,由谱的斜率推断超热电子温度Th为35—45keV,由超热电子能量和受激拉曼散射光(SRS)能量的关联,推断超热电子产生的机理,并给出了不同腔靶在不同激光能量EL下超热电子产生的特征 关键词： 1.053μm激光 超热电子 黑腔靶 大能量激光     

激光腔靶辐射时间特性研究

介绍了激光加热腔靶辐射时间特性研究。实验采用滤长为１．０５３μｍ，能量为３０－７５０Ｊ，脉宽为６００－１１００ｐｓ的高斯型激光脉冲，辐照柱型腔靶，用两台具有一定和时间分辨的亚千Ｘ射线能谱仪，分别观察激光入射口和Ｘ光输运口的辐射时间特性，实验结果给出了腔靶源区发射Ｘ光时间过程及其与发射口面积，形状，发射能区等的关系。     

等电子法测量小能量激光打靶等离子体电子温度

以低Z的CHO薄膜作为样品靶，在星光激光装置上以小能量激光辐照样品靶产生温度较低的等离子体，采用每毫米2400线的平焦场光栅谱仪测量等离子体发射的碳和氧离子发射谱线强度比，并与理论计算相应线强比较，获得了电子温度，建立了等电子法测量较低温度(100eV左右)等离子体电子温度的诊断技术. 关键词： 电子温度 激光等离子体 等电子x射线谱法     

软X光能谱仪探测元件响应曲线标定

报道了软X光能谱仪探测元件的能量响应曲线标定工作.实验利用北京同步辐射装置–3W1B束线及反射率计靶室,在束流40—80mA、贮存环电子能量2.2GeV专用光运行模式下,在150—1500eV能区的四个能段,做了铝阴极X射线二极管、滤光片及掠入射平面反射镜能量响应标定实验.通过实验数据比对及分析,最终给出X射线二极管在不同能量段最大可能的测量误差范围.     

神光Ⅲ原型单端驱动黑腔等离子体聚心时间研究

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上,利用8束激光单端驱动半腔靶实验研究了黑腔等离子体聚心时间.通过改变腔底结构建立了4种黑腔辐射源,比较了等离子体径向的聚心时间与黑腔辐射温度的变化关系.径向聚心时间和辐射温度分别由X射线分幅相机和软X射线能谱仪给出.研究发现,4种辐射源的等离子体径向聚心时间与辐射温度之间存在正比关系,聚心时间随辐射温度升高而延后.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.