彩色复合条纹投影测量系统串扰消除方法

由于从一个彩色图像中可以提取多个条纹,复合条纹投影技术在三维测量领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。为了覆盖所有的光谱范围,投影和成像系统颜色通道间存在着串扰,从而改变了条纹的形状,最终影响三维数据测量的精度。综述了彩色复合条纹投影三维测量系统中颜色通道间串扰的补偿方法。针对彩色条纹投影系统中相机和投影仪颜色通道间的串扰问题,分析了其形成原因。对彩色条纹投影三维测量系统的串扰消除方法进行了分类和总结,并具体比较了各种方法对串扰消除的效果。所综述的方法对选择合适的串扰消除方法、提高彩色复合结构光投影三维测量系统的精度具有重要的应用价值。     

一种新型单帧彩色复合光栅投影的实时三维测量方法

提出了一种新型单帧彩色复合光栅投影的实时三维测量方法。采用三帧具有π2的相移正弦条纹分别编码到红色(R)、绿色(G)和蓝色(B)三个颜色通道中,组合成单帧彩色复合光栅,当该彩色复合光栅投影到待测物体上,仅需获取单帧彩色变形条纹并从中分离出相应的具有π2相移的三帧单色相移变形条纹,由于不同颜色通道之间存在颜色串扰以及色度不均衡问题,采用最小二乘法对分离出的三帧单色相移变形条纹直流项进行背景一致性校正,从而获得三帧校正后的单色相移变形条纹,运用所建立的三维重构物理模型,即可恢复物体的三维形貌。实验验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。进一步的实验表明,该方法的测量精度优于传统单帧彩色PMP。因为所提方法仅需一帧彩色复合光栅即可恢复物体的三维形貌,在实时三维测量中具有很好的应用前景。     

基于自适应条纹投影的彩色物体三维形貌测量

针对三维形貌测量技术中彩色物体表面反射率的非均匀性影响测量结果的问题,提出一种基于自适应条纹投影的三维形貌测量技术,该方法可避免彩色物体表面反射率非均匀的影响,提高系统的测量精度。彩色相机采集RGB光强图像,并根据物体表面颜色的反射特性计算每个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色;采集水平和垂直的正弦条纹序列,利用计算所得绝对相位值将相机图像坐标系中每一个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色映射到投影仪像素坐标系;投射自适应条纹序列进而测量彩色物体的三维形貌。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效测量彩色物体三维形貌,具有很高的测量精度。     

三维形貌及颜色纹理的快速获取方法

为了在黑白摄像机中快速获取场景的三维形貌与颜色纹理,提出了绝对相位测量结合主动彩色照明的方法.首先向物体投影并拍摄两幅相移为1/3周期的条纹和一幅周期有微小差别的条纹图;然后分别向物体投射光强为给定强度的白、红及绿照明光,并拍摄图像.用改进的相移法求解第四幅图像与第一、第二幅变形条纹图中的相位;用改进的傅里叶变换法求解第四幅图像及第三幅变形条纹图中的相位;然后得出绝对相位值.最后利用第四幅图像与第五和第六幅图像求出场景反射的蓝色分量,并根据色度学原理恢复出场景的颜色纹理.实验表明,该方法在保证三维测量准确度的同时获得了高质量的颜色纹理,实现了30fps的三维数据及颜色纹理采集速度.     

多光通道条纹投影系统误差测量与补偿

基于相位计算的多通道三维测量技术由于同时使用多个光通道,通道间串扰和色差、镜头畸变以及器件非线性响应等多种误差耦合在一起,影响测量效果和检测精度.针对该问题,从采集图像的误差类型出发,将误差分为图像像素亮度与实际亮度之间的光强误差和图像像素空间分布的位置偏差,以此分别构建了光强误差关系和位置偏差关系并对检测系统进行定量测量.最后提出一种系统误差补偿方法,利用建立的误差关系修正了采集图像光强亮度和像素位置偏差,同时补偿了上述误差对测量结果的影响.实验结果表明,利用本文提出的误差补偿方法对标准台阶进行多通道三维形貌测量,测量误差从0.678 mm减小到0.031 mm,该方法对此类系统的高精度三维测量具有实用价值.     

基于二维彩色靶标的结构光三维测量系统快速标定方法

系统标定是基于结构光投影的主动式光学三维面形测量的关键技术之一,同时也是一项复杂和耗时的工作。提出了一种基于RGB彩色模型的系统快速标定新方法。利用一个彩色的二维平面靶标和由投影仪投影的彩色标记特征图像实现了摄像机和投影仪的同时快速标定,对靶标的每个标定姿态位置只需要拍摄一幅图像即可得到该位置的特征参数。与传统方法相比,标定过程简单快捷,所需的数据量较少。利用该方法对一个结构光三维测量系统进行了现场标定,并测量了一个平面和一个半圆柱物体,实验结果中点到拟合平面的最大距离为0.8039mm,平均误差为0.1693mm。利用该系统恢复半圆柱物体的面形与传统标定方法的测量结果符合得很好。实验表明,由该方法获得的结果准确可用,且标定速度快。     

应用时域相位解包方法的三维形貌测量系统

设计一套基于时域相位解包方法的三维形貌测量系统 ,克服了传统解包方法中的误差传播效应 ,可以应用于复杂物体表面及复杂环境下的三维形貌测量。由计算机生成光栅并通过液晶投影仪投射到待测物体表面 ,用CCD摄像机采集图像并通过图像采集卡存贮到计算机中进行处理 ,实现了测量的自动化 ,完成一次高精度的测量仅需几秒钟时间。用两个特殊的人头像完成的实验证明了系统的优越性     

单幅彩色条纹投影的不连续物体表面三维形貌测量

提出了基于单幅彩色条纹投影的不连续物体及动态三维形貌的测量方法。该方法利用计算机产生一幅正弦条纹图和两幅单一强度图分别通过红蓝绿三个通道合成为一幅彩色条纹图,由液晶投影仪投影到被测物体表面,彩色CCD采集变形条纹图并保存在计算机中。通过三色分离,同时获得正弦条纹图和反映表面反射率分布及背景信息图,通过图像除法运算及亚像素精度归一化处理实现物体三维形貌的恢复。对于表面形貌不连续的物体,利用蓝色分量的灰度图像进行二值化处理定位阴影或暗背景,从而引导正确的相位求解。实验验证了该方法对不连续物体动态测量方面的可行性。     

基于概率密度函数的彩色相位测量轮廓术校正

在彩色相位测量轮廓术中,光电器件多个光通道之间的颜色串扰、强度响应不均等因素的影响,使得所获取的相移条纹图像失真,因此采用传统的相位技术求解相位会产生极大的相位误差。从彩色条纹图像的数学模型出发,分析了彩色成像器件所获取的红绿蓝三通道条纹图像特性,提出一种两步校正方法：第一步是基于三通道均值及标准差实现对各颜色通道图像强度的归一化处理;第二步是使用概率密度函数曲线搜索失真后的实际相移量,抑制相移量不准确对测量结果的影响。所提方法不需要对系统的耦合系数和相移偏移量进行预校正,可实现简便、快速的相位误差补偿。模拟及实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于并行四颜色通道条纹投影的三维测量术

提出一种基于红、绿、蓝和红外并行4颜色通道的条纹投影三维测量技术,实现单次测量获得物体的表面三维形貌。该技术克服了传统方法投影多帧条纹图像而造成测量速度慢的缺点,在保证精度的同时提高了测量速度。结合两步相移、傅里叶变换法和最佳三条纹选择法的相位求解方法,独立计算各个像素点的绝对相位,从单次同时采集的复合彩色图像和红外图像中获得非连续物体等复杂面形的三维形貌数据。利用半透半反镜实现了可见光和红外两个投影仪的光轴同路,并建立它们之间的投影变换,实现了两个投影仪像素间的精确对应。利用所研制的系统,测量了非连续的静态物体和动态物体,获取了它们的表面三维形貌数据。结果显示,所研制的方法适用于三维形貌的快速测量。     

A composite-structured-light 3D measurement method based on fringe parameter calibration

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in composite-structured-light 3D measurement systems. For a composite-structured-light 3D measurement system, spectrum overlapping causes parameters of each deformed phase-shifting fringe to change, and therefore leads to phase measurement errors. The proposed fringe parameter calibration method is based on the fact that variations in each deformed fringe's parameters are independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three frames of composite grating are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes the information of three phase-shifting sinusoidal gratings used in Phase Measuring Profilometry (PMP). With the parameter calculation formulas of PMP, the parameters of fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel can be calculated, and therefore parameter relation coefficients between fringes demodulated from different carrier channels may be obtained. When an object is measured, these relation coefficients can be used to calibrate the parameters of the deformed phase-shifting fringes. A new 3D measurement mathematical model is established to reconstruct the shape of the object. Experimental data proved that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy by more than three times.     

Two wavelength simultaneous DSPI and DSP for 3D displacement field measurements

A novel optical system is proposed that implements digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and digital speckle photography (DSP) simultaneously using two wavelength illumination of an object for simultaneous measurement of all three components of the displacement vector field. A collimated red light illuminates both the object and a reference surface in a DSPI configuration which is sensitive to out-of-plane displacement field while a blue light illuminates the object in a DSP configuration which is sensitive to in-plane displacement fields. A color 3-CCD camera records the red and blue lights individually through its red and blue channels, respectively. Two reference images and one image in the deformed state of the object are required for quantitative measurement. Experimental results are presented to validate the system.     

彩色全息广告灯箱的研制

提出了一种透射型彩色全息图的拍摄与再现方法 ,并将其用于设计制作彩色全息广告灯箱。讨论了制作彩色全息广告灯箱中的若干问题和解决方法。用此种方法所显示的图像突出了物体的三维立体感和原有色彩 ,它将为高质量彩色立体广告灯箱的制作提供一种新的方法和途径     

Shifted-phase calibration for a 3-D shape measurement system based on orthogonal composite grating projection

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in orthogonal-composite-grating-based 3-D measurement method. For 3-D measurement systems based on orthogonal composite grating projection, spectrum overlapping causes phase of each deformed phase-shifting fringe changed differently, which violates the principle that the shifted phases between adjacent deformed fringes must be equivalent to 2π/3, and therefore results in phase measurement error. The proposed shifted-phase calibration method is based on that phase variation of each deformed fringe is independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three composite gratings are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes three phase-shifting gratings needed in phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Because the adjacent phase-shifting fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel have the phase difference of 2π/3, we can respectively calculate the reference plane's phases of three carrier channels by the phase algorithm of PMP method, and the shifted phases between them are obtained. When an object is measured, the shifted phases between deformed phase-shifting fringes can be calibrated. A new 3-D measurement mathematical model is set to reconstruct object. Our experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy almost one times.     

基于椭圆形光强分布光栅投影的三维面形测量方法

基于椭圆形光强分布光栅投影测量物体三维面形的方法,将椭圆形光强分布光栅投影到被测物体表面,用摄像机获取变形条纹图,通过系统参量和条纹图携带的相位信息求解出物体的三维面形.推导出通过椭圆形光强分布光栅条纹求解相位的计算公式并对提出方法作了计算机仿真.实验结果表明该方法可以比较准确地测量物体的三维面形,在噪音较大的情况下测量结果仍具有较高准确度.     

基于椭圆形光强分布光栅投影的三维面形测量方法

基于椭圆形光强分布光栅投影测量物体三维面形的方法,将椭圆形光强分布光栅投影到被测物体表面,用摄像机获取变形条纹图,通过系统参量和条纹图携带的相位信息求解出物体的三维面形.推导出通过椭圆形光强分布光栅条纹求解相位的计算公式并对提出方法作了计算机仿真.实验结果表明该方法可以比较准确地测量物体的三维面形,在噪音较大的情况下测量结果仍具有较高准确度.     

3-D shape measurement based on complementary Gray-code light

A combination of phase-shift with Gray-code light projection into a three-dimensional (3-D) measurement system has been exploited to digitalize 3-D shape information of a tested object, even with a discontinuous surface. Unfortunately, the phase unwrapping will fall into an error, when an improper value of Gray coding is caused by mistake at the partial boundary of two adjacent binary words. To this end, a new complementary Gray-code method is proposed in this paper as well as the corresponding phase-unwrapping method. This problem of phase unwrapping could be cleverly solved by projecting an additional Gray-code pattern to extend this code and using the different and complementary boundary locations of the traditional and additional codes. The results of computer simulation and experiment confirm that this proposed method based on complementary Gray-code can reliably reconstruct the nature phase distribution of the tested object with only one extra fringe pattern.     

Implementation and experimental study on fast object modeling based on multiple structured stripes

In this paper, a practical structured light-based system for fast object modeling and reconstruction is reported. The system consists of an off-the-shelf digital projector, a video camera and a turntable. The system calibration is implemented accurately and automatically by taking a single image of an illuminated calibration template. The multiple color light stripes emitted by the projector adopt only three colors and the color can be modified easily according to the surface texture of the object. This makes the system widely applicable in many situations, and the assumption about color neutrality, which is a limitation to other similar systems, can be largely relaxed. The registration and merging algorithm is greatly simplified by employing a turntable. The validity and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated by extensive real experiments.     

彩色全息图的计算机产生和数字再现

提出了一种基于色彩合成以及菲涅尔衍射原理,用计算机产生全息图并用数字方法再现彩色全息图的方法。该方法的第一步是将物体的彩色RGB图像分离为三基色强度图,再利用博奇编码的方法制成修正离轴参考光分色计算机全息图;第二步是分别对分色全息图在频域进行调制以实现用原参考光真实再现原始物光波。通过滤波消除零级衍射及共轭像的影响,获得了所需要的实像并提高了像质。提供的实验是选用一幅RGB图像作为原始物体,给出了用博奇编码法制成的全息图以及最后经色彩合成获得的再现像。结果表明,该方法能使各分色全息图的再现像准确重合,解决了在色彩合成时容易出现的色串扰问题。     

Dual-channel phase-shifting interferometry for microscopy with second wavelength assistance

Dual-channel phase-shifting interferometry for simultaneous phase microscopy is presented. Red and blue light beams are used for microscope illumination. A 45 tilted beamsplitter replicates the object and reference waves in red light together with the object wave in blue light into two parallel beams. The two resulting quadrature phase-shifting interferograms in red light and the object waves in blue light are generated in the two channels. The two interferograms are recorded simultaneously by a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, and can be separated via RGB components of the recorded color patterns without crosstalk. As a result, the phase of tested specimen can be retrieved. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by test performed on a microscopic specimen.