锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的制备及研究

采用水热法合成了LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2作为锂离子电池的正极材料,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、X-射线能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了表征,通过循环伏安(CV)测试、阻抗测试(EIS)和充放电测试探究了其作为正极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:该材料表现出了良好的循环性能和倍率性能,在0.2C(1C=170 mA/g)的电流密度下,其容量为160 mAh/g以上,在0.5C下,首次放电容量为143 mAh/g以上,200个循环后容量仍然有121.5 mAh/g,容量保持率在84%以上。     

高压实富镍正极材料LiNi_(0.85)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)Al_(0.03)O_2的制备

通过控制结晶法制备高密度类球形Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)Al_(0.03)(OH)_2前驱体,与LiOH·H_2O均匀混合后,在820℃于氧气气氛下进行高温煅烧,最终合成高压实富镍正极材料Li Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)Al_(0.03)O_2。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征前驱体、正极材料及正极片的形貌;X射线衍射(XRD)表明材料具有良好的六方单相层状α-NaFeO_2结构,能谱仪(EDS)分析表明材料颗粒中各组分含量呈均匀分布。制备的LiNi_(0.85)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)Al_(0.03)O_2正极材料具有良好的加工性能和很高的压实密度,极片压实密度达到了3.82 g·cm~(-3)。以该极片组装的模拟电池具有良好的电化学性能,尤其具有优异的倍率性能,在电压区间2.8~4.3 V和0.2C电流密度充放电条件下,首次放电比容量为211.7 mAh·g~(-1),首次充放电效率88.9%,5C大倍率充放电条件下容量仍达到180.2 mAh·g~(-1),循环200周容量保持率为80.4%。     

LiAl0.03Mn1.97O4的流变相辅助微波合成以及电化学性能

采用一种特殊微波合成法,流变相辅助微波合成法,制备了结晶度好、纯度高的尖晶石相的锂离子电池正极材料LiAl_(0.03)Mn_(1.97)O_4。对其进行了XRD分析和SEM研究,并就结构、形貌与传统固相法制备的LiMn_2O_4、LiAl_(0.03)Mn_(1.97)O_4进行了比较。采用这种漉变相辅助微波合成法制备的LiAl_(0.03)Mn_(1.97)O_4具有优良的电化学性能,电化学性能测试表明,这种材料具有比较高的首次放电容量(115mAh/g)以及良好的可逆性、优异的循环性能,25次循环结束比容量几乎不变,保持在115mAh/g左右,衰减性得到很好的改善。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.85)Co_(0.10)(TiMg)_(0.025)O_2合成及表征

以LiOH·H2O、Ni2O3、Co2O3、TiO2和Mg(OH)2为原料,应用固相反应法合成Co Ti Mg共掺杂的LiNiO2化合物LiNi0. 85Co0. 10 (TiMg)0. 025O2;TG DTA、XRD、SEM和电化学测试表明,该材料首次放电容量达182. 7mAh/g(3. 0~4. 3V, 18mA/g), 10次循环之后,容量还有 175. 5mAh/g,容量保持率为 96. 2%;与未掺杂的LiNiO2相比,该材料显示出良好的循环性能,是一种很有应用前景的锂电池正极材料.     

高比容量锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)的制备及性能北大核心CSCD

以LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)为研究对象,通过共沉淀法制备了不同F物质的量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%)的LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)三元正极材料(NCM),通过对NCM材料的晶格结构、微观形貌、电化学性能进行分析,结果表明:F掺杂后提高了NCM材料的结晶度,降低了阳离子混乱程度,适量的F掺杂有助于减小NCM三元正极材料的尺寸和提高均匀性,F的掺杂还能够降低NCM三元正极材料的极化现象,初始放电比容量随着F的掺杂含量升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,循环性能随着F的掺杂得到了提高,F掺杂物质的量分数为3%的NCM三元正极材料初始放电比容量167.2 mA·h/g,容量保持率达到98.5%,阻抗较小,电化学性能最优。     

Li3V2(PO4)3/C和Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C的结构和电化学性能的比较研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂离子正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C(LVP/C)及Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C,并用XRD、循环伏安及交流阻抗等方法,研究了大量Na+掺杂对材料结构和电化学性能影响。结果表明,大量钠离子的掺杂会使LVP结构由单斜向菱方转变。掺杂化合物Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C在0.5 C充电1 C放电时,首次放电容量为118 mAh.g-1,50次循环后容量保持率为92.4%,并发现与单斜LVP存在多个放电平台不同,Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C仅在3.7 V处有一个放电平台。     

SO~(2-)_4掺杂对Nasicon型Li_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3正极材料电化学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法用SO~(2-)_4部分代替Li_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3中的PO~(3-)_4阴离子制得Li_(3-x)Fe_2(PO4)_(3-x)(SO_4)_x(x=0~0.90)正极材料,通过X射线衍射、充放电技术、循环伏安特性测试及电化学阻抗谱表征了掺杂材料的相组成及电化学性能.结果表明,SO~(2-)_4主要以固溶形式存在于Li_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3中,产物中还伴有少量Fe_2O_3第二相析出.SO~(2-)_4掺杂使Li_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3的放电容量呈抛物线形规律变化,并在掺杂浓度x=0.60时达到最佳值,该样品在0.5C倍率下的首次放电容量为111.59 mA·h/g,比未掺杂的样品提高了18.4%;60次循环充放电后的容量保持率为96%;将该样品的放电倍率由0.5C逐渐提高至5C,再降至0.5C,并在每个倍率下循环10次,材料的最终放电容量仍能达到首次放电容量的97%.导致这些变化的原因是SO~(2-)_4掺杂使材料的氧化还原性能增强,电池内阻减小,极化程度降低及Li~+扩散系数增大.     

不同碳源对Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C复合正极材料性能的影响

以甲基纤维素、壳聚糖及葡萄糖分别作为碳源,应用碳热还原法合成正极Li3V2(PO4)3/C复合材料.XRD、SEM等方法分析、表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,碳源的选择对产物的比容量、循环寿命和倍率性能等均有较大的影响.以甲基纤维素为碳源制备的单斜Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料具有较好的电化学性能,在3.0～4.5V,0.2C倍率下,其初始容量为130.6mAh·g-1,30次循环后放电比容量仍可达到108mAh·g-1.     

锂离子电池新型正极材料xLiF-(Ni_(1/6)Co_(1/6)Mn_(4/6))_3O_4的制备及电化学性能研究

采用高能球磨法通过不同球磨时间制备xLiF-(Ni_(1/6)Co_(1/6)Mn_(4/6))_3O_4新型正极材料,并对材料进行石墨烯复合改性,提高其性能。结合X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、电化学性能测试和X-射线电子能谱对所制备的正极材料性能进行表征。结果表明,球磨24h的产物的放电比容量最高,为157. 3mAh·g~(-1)。此外,正极材料添加石墨烯能改善其电化学性能,当石墨烯复合量为20%,在室温、0. 05C(1C=250mAh·g~(-1))、1. 5～4. 8V下,材料首圈的放电比容量为235mAh·g~(-1),相较于无石墨烯的材料,在1C和5C倍率下,放电比容量分别提高到151和114 m Ah·g~(-1)。文中还分析了正极材料放电容量随截止电压的变化,确定了复合正极材料在高电压下有获得更高放电容量的潜力。     

Li3V2-xMgx(PO4)3/C正极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出Mg~(2+)掺杂Li_3V_(2-x)Mg_x(PO_4)_3/C(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.09)正极材料。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征和分析,通过恒流测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试对样品的电化学性能进行了表征,结果表明适量的掺杂能够显著提高材料的电化学性能。当倍率为0.2 C,充放电电压为2-4.3 V,材料Li_3V_(1.95)Mg_(0.05)(PO_4)_3/C表现出最优的电化学性能,首次放电容量达到162.1 mAh·g~(-1)。经过不同倍率的充放电循环后,其初始容量保持率可达98.5%,表现出优异的电化学稳定性。     

U(IV)/LN(III) unexpected mixed site in polymetallic oxalato complexes. Part II. Substitution of U(IV) for Ln(III) in the new oxalates (N2H5)Ln(C2O4)2·nH2O (Ln=Nd, Gd)

Two new hydrazinium lanthanide(III) oxalates, (N₂H₅)[Nd(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4H₂O (1) and (N₂H₅)[Gd(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (2) have been prepared and their crystal structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures were solved by the direct methods and Fourier difference techniques, and refined by a least-squares method on the basis of F² for all unique reflections. Crystallographic data: 1, triclinic, space group , , b=9.762(4), , α=62.378(5), β=76.681(5), γ=73.858(5), Z=2, R₁=0.0335 for 172 parameters with 3430 reflections with I?2σ(I); 2, triclinic, space group , , b=9.51(3), , α=62.11(4), β=76.15(5), γ=73.73(5), Z=2, R₁=0.0325 for 172 parameters with 1742 reflections with I?2σ(I). The two isotypic structures are built from a three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of lanthanide and oxalate ions. The lanthanide atom is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from four tetradentate oxalate ions and one aqua oxygen. Alternating lanthanide and oxalate ions form six-membered rings that delimit tunnels running down three directions and occupied by hydrazinium and water molecules. Starting from these lanthanide(III) compounds two isotypic mixed Ln(III)/U(IV) oxalates, (N₂H₅)_0.75[Nd_0.75U_0.25(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (3) and (N₂H₅)_0.75[Gd_0.75U_0.25(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4H₂O (4), are obtained by partial substitution of Ln(III) by U(IV) in the nine-coordinated site, the charge excess being compensated by removal of monovalent ions from the tunnels. Finally, using Na⁺ gel, two mixed Ln(III)/U(IV) sodium oxalates, Na_0.5[Nd_0.5U_0.5(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·3H₂O (5) and Na_0.65[Gd_0.65U_0.35(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (6) have been obtained without any change in the 3D framework.     

U(IV)/Ln(III) unexpected mixed site in polymetallic oxalato complexes. Part I. Substitution of Ln(III) for U(IV) from the new oxalate (NH4)2U2(C2O4)5·0.7H2O

A new ammonium uranium (IV) oxalate (NH₄)₂U₂(C₂O₄)₅·0.7H₂O (1) and three mixed uranium (IV)-lanthanide (III) oxalates, (N₂H₅)_2.6U_1.4M_0.6(C₂O₄)₅·xH₂O (M=Nd (2) and M=Sm (3)), Na_2.56U_1.44Nd_0.56(C₂O₄)₅·7.6H₂O (4) and Na₃UCe(C₂O₄)₅·10.4H₂O (5), have been prepared. The crystal structures of compounds 1, 4 and 5 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures were solved by the direct methods and Fourier difference techniques, and refined by a least square method on the basis of F² for all unique reflections. Compounds 2 and 3 are isotypic with 1. Crystallographic data: 1, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.177(3), c=12.728(4) Å, Z=6, R₁=0.0575 for 52 parameters with 1360 reflections with I?2σ(I); 2, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.243(4), c=12.760(5) Å, Z=6; 3, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.211(3), c=12.274(4) Å, Z=6; 4, orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a=18.79(3), b=11.46(1), c=12.77(2) Å, Z=4, R₁=0.0511 for 183 parameters with 3026 reflections with I?2σ(I); 5, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=18.878(6), b=11.684(4), c=12.932(4) Å, β=95.97(1)°, Z=4, R₁=0.0416 for 213 parameters with 4060 reflections with I?2σ(I). The honeycomb-like structure of the five compounds is built from the same three-dimensional arrangement of metallic and oxalate ions. Similar hexagonal rings of alternating metallic and oxalate ions form layers parallel to the (001) plane that are pillared by another oxalate ion. Indeed, some torsions or rotations of the bridging oxalate ligands led to modifications of the network symmetry. The monovalent cations and the water molecules occupy the hexagonal tunnels running down the [001] direction. Starting from the uranium (IV) compound A₂U₂(C₂O₄)₅·0.7H₂O with A=NH₄⁺ (1), the mixed U(IV)/Ln(III) oxalates are obtained by partial substitution of U(IV) by Ln(III) in a ten-coordinated site, the charge deficit being compensated by intercalation of supplementary monovalent ions within the tunnels. The distortion of the arrangement in the [001] direction for the Na-containing compounds allows the accommodation of a greater number of water molecules that insure an octahedral coordination of the Na atoms.     

手性二噁唑啉吡啶铁和镍配合物的制备与表征

Tridentate bis(oxazolinylpyridine)(1) reacted with nickel chloride or ferrous chloride in anhydrous ethanol to form bis(oxazolinylpyridine) Nickel(Ⅱ) and Iron(Ⅱ) complexes. The stable solid complexes were characterized with IR， UV， MS， XPS and elemental analysis. No stable complexes were formed with bidentate bis(oxazoline)(2) ins- tead of bis(oxazolinylpyridine).     

新型温度敏感性自组装胶束P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala)的合成和性能

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了一种带有活性—NH2基团的温度敏感性亲水型共聚物P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA), 并将其作为引发剂, 合成了P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala), 其分子量分布(PDI)在1.3左右. 聚合物通过自组装形成纳米胶束. 透射电镜(TEM)结果表明, 胶束大小200~300 nm, 具有明显的核壳结构. 共聚物的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为45.5 ℃. 温度低于LCST时, 聚合物溶解形成胶束; 高于LCST时, 胶束解离, 聚合物不溶. 聚合物对温度的响应是快速而可逆的.     

SYNTHESES AND MASS SPECTRAL REARRANGEMENTS OF UNSATURATED BIS-SULPHIDES AND BIS-SULPHONES

Abstract

The synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-1.2-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphenyl)stilbenes (2a and 2b) and 1,2-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphonyl)stilbenes (3a and 3b) was carried out and their configurations were consistent with their stereospecific synthesis. The isomeric 1,1-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphenyl)- and 1,1-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2,2-bis(phenyl)ethylenes (8 and 9) were also synthesised and configurations were established by degradative oxidation. Mass spectral rearrangements of all these compounds were examined. Mass spectra of 1,1-bis-sulphide and 1,1-bis-sulphone bears close relationship with those of (E)- and (Z)-isomeric counterparts. Smiles-type rearrangement observed in 1,2-bis-sulphides was absent in 1,2-bis-sulphones. McLafferty-type rearrangement involving hydrogen migration, from aryl group was noticed in both bis-sulphides and bis-sulphones. Vinyl migration to the sulphone oxygen predominates over aryl migration in three isomeric bis-sulphones.     

界面缩聚法合成双(烯基环戊二烯基)钛(锆)聚醚的研究

本文通过界面缩聚法利用双(烯基环戊二烯基)钛(锆)二氯化物与二酚反应,制成了16个新的高分子化合物,对它们进行了IR、TGA和分子量的测定。文中还对反应条件与分子量的关系进行了讨论。     

Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-and (S)-Moprolol

A simple and effective procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-and (S)-moprolol was described.The key step was the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure (R)-and (S)-guaifenesin,which were synthesized from enantioenriched (R)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and (S)-epichlorohydrin via kinetics of hydrolysis resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin by chiral Salen-CoIIII complex.The e.e.values of both the optical compounds were above 98%,and the chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,and MS.     

Fluorinated phosphorus compounds: Part 6. The synthesis of bis(fluoroalkyl) phosphites and bis(fluoroalkyl) phosphorohalidates

Reaction of phosphorus trichloride with tert-butanol and fluoroalcohols gave bis(fluoroalkyl) phosphites (R_FO)₂P(O)H in 42-89% yield, where R_F=HCF₂CH₂, H(CF₂)₂CH₂, H(CF₂)₄CH₂, CF₃CH₂, C₂F₅CH₂, C₃F₇CH₂, (CF₃)₂CH, (FCH₂)₂CH, CF₃(CH₃)₂C, (CF₃)₂CH₃C, CF₃CH₂CH₂, C₄F₉CH₂CH₂ and C₆F₁₃CH₂CH₂. Treatment of these with chlorine in dichloromethane gave the bis(fluoroalkyl) phosphorochloridates (R_FO)₂P(O)Cl in 49-96% yield. The chloridate (CF₃CH₂O)₂P(O)Cl was isolated in much lower yield from the interaction of thionyl chloride with bis(trifluoroethyl) phosphite. Heating the latter in dichloromethane with potassium fluoride and a catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid gave the corresponding fluoridate (CF₃CH₂O)₂P(O)F in 84% yield. Treatment of bis(trifluoroethyl) phosphite with bromine or iodine gave the bromidate (CF₃CH₂O)₂P(O)Br and iodidate (CF₃CH₂O)₂P(O)I in 51 and 46% yield, respectively. The iodidate is the first dialkyl phosphoroiodidate to have been isolated and characterised properly—its discovery lags behind the first isolation of a dialkyl phosphorochloridate by over 130 years. The fluoroalkyl phosphoryl compounds are generally more stable than known unfluorinated counterparts.     

以氯醌酸二价阴离子为桥联配体的Fe(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅲ)和Mn(Ⅱ)-Mn(Ⅱ)双核配合物的合成与磁性

基于铁和锰的双核配合物在生物氧化还原过程中的重要作用及在化学的氧化还原过程中可能做为催化剂的应用前景,本文合成了两个新的以氯醌酸二价阴离子为桥联配体的Fe(Ⅲ)双核和Mn(Ⅱ)双核配合物:[Fe_2(phen)_4(μ-CA)](ClO_4)_4·2H_2O(1)和[Mn_2(phen)_4(μ-CA)](ClO_4)_2·3H_2O(2)(phen=1,10菲咯啉;CA=氯醌酸二价阴离子)。经元素分析、IR、电子光谱及磁性等测定,对两配合物进行了表征。