Cutoff Wavelength Measurement for Single Mode Optical Fibers with Computer-generated Matched Filter

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Cutoff wavelength of single-mode fibers: Definition, measurement, and length and curvature dependence

The cutoff wavelength λ_c as defined by the CCITT can be defined equivalently as that wavelength for which the attenuation of the second-order LP₁₁ mode is 19.34 dB higher than the attenuation of the fundamental mode. This equivalent definition of λ_c does not depend on the length and curvature of the fiber. Both measuring methods for λ_c, the bending method and the multimode reference method, are analyzed and the measurement conditions that lead to the CCITT cutoff wavelength are indicated. The bend attenuation of the second-order mode of a typical matched-cladding, step-index fiber is calculated numerically, and methods are described to determine the length and curvature dependence of the cutoff wavelength from the bend loss data.     

一种实用化实时测温系统优化设计中的几个问题

基于Kirchoff定律,利用半导体激光器及钽酸锂热电器件设计了一种实用化的实时测温系统.根据待测目标的光谱辐出度及相对测温灵敏度随λT的变化关系,确定了系统工作波长的大致范围;通过对水冷遮蔽板的尺寸及其放置位置与波长间的关系、以及对大气的红外透射谱等的分析,确定了系统的工作波长;按照水冷遮蔽板的尺寸及其放置位置(H/R之值）对测温精度的影响,讨论了水冷遮蔽板的H/R之值,并由此分析了系统的抗干扰能力及测温精度.指出了引起系统测温不确定度的5种主要原因,并对其中的2种进行了简要的分析.实验结果表明,该系统的测温精度优于0.3%.     

光纤Bragg光栅应变测量中啁啾特性的研究

用光纤Bragg光栅进行应变（静态、动态）测量时,由于光栅轴向各部分受到的应变不同,因而产生布喇格中心波长漂移量发生变化.实际测量中往往忽略此扰动对光纤光栅反射谱中心波长的影响,则必然带来测量误差.采用耦合模理论,分析并研究了Bragg光栅受轴向线性应变、高次应变和非线性周期应变波等情况下的啁啾特性.根据各自啁啾特性的不同,给出了对光纤光栅反射谱中心的影响,以及测量各种应变时的测量条件和范围.     

Linear wavelength sweep of a semiconductor laser and its consequence for dispersion measurements and interference noise in optical fibers

The wavelength shift of a semiconductor laser during triangular pulse modulation has been investigated, using both a Michelson interferometer and direct spectral measurements. This property is used to establish a method for high-resolution dispersion measurements limited to 10 ps, and not affected by material dispersion or detector rise time. A theoretical investigation shows under what conditions the method is equivalent to the standard dispersion measurement setup. The technique is applied to measure polar mode dispersion in single-mode fibers. Examples of polarization noise caused by polarization anisotropy and the variation of source wavelength are presented.     

Linear wavelength sweep of a semiconductor laser and its consequence for dispersion measurements and interference noise in optical fibers

The wavelength shift of a semiconductor laser during triangular pulse modulation has been investigated, using both a Michelson interferometer and direct spectral measurements. This property is used to establish a method for high-resolution dispersion measurements limited to 10 ps, and not affected by material dispersion or detector rise time. A theoretical investigation shows under what conditions the method is equivalent to the standard dispersion measurement setup. The technique is applied to measure polar mode dispersion in single-mode fibers. Examples of polarization noise caused by polarization anisotropy and the variation of source wavelength are presented.     

基于指示克立格法的最佳激发波长和最佳发射波长的确定

激发波长和发射波长是分子荧光光谱测量的重要参数,它的选择影响分子荧光光谱的测量以及其后续研究的精确度。由于如HITACHI F-4500 荧光分光光度计等一些光谱仪器的测量精度达不到一些光谱分析技术的要求以及测量数据的有限,在实际工作中,利用已测量的光谱数据,通过插值生成所需要的光谱数据,就成为一种有效的解决方法。因此,文章使用指示克立格法对一定体积分数的乙醇溶液的最佳激发波长和最佳发射波长的确定进行了研究。基于指示克立格法求取的最佳激发波长和最佳发射波长分别是226.9和337.1 nm,经验证其值是准确的。此外,文章采用相对标准偏差对插值结果进行了评价。结果表明在分子荧光光谱测量中基于指示克立格法确定最佳激发波长和最佳发射波长是可行的,这为最佳激发波长和最佳发射波长的确定提供了一种新的方法。     

Wide-range optical sensors based on a single ring resonator with polarization multiplexing

Wide-range optical sensors based on a single ring resonator are investigated theoretically and experimentally.The sensor worked at the TE and TM modes simultaneously. Because the sensitivities of the TE mode and TM mode are different, the TE mode is used for the large measurement range, and the TM mode is used for the high sensitivity measurement. The experimental results showed that the measurement range for the TE mode was almost three times larger than that of the TM mode. A sensitivity of 233 nm/RIU was achieved for the wavelength interrogation of the TM mode.     

窄带集成声光可调谐滤波器的研制

利用模式耦合理论分析了声光模式转换,并对声光可调谐滤波器的滤波带宽、调谐范围、驱动功率等性能参数进行分析计算。设计并制作出窄带集成声光可调谐滤波器(IAOTF)样品,搭建相应的IAOTF测试平台,得到中心波长在1.55μm,滤波带宽达到0.85 nm,波长调谐范围达到80 nm,驱动功率低于40mW的IAOTF。并对进一步压缩滤波带宽和旁瓣效应提出了解决途径。     

Determination of phase mismatch in a Z-propagating LiNbO3 TE-TM convertor

We describe a method suitable for the measurement of phase mismatch in a LiNbO₃ Z-propagating TE-TM convertor. The method is based on the measurement of the transmission peaks produced by a mode coupling voltage applied to the electrodes. A major advantage of the method is that it allows phase mismatch measurements to be performed with quite a few parameters easily assessable experimentally (operating wavelength and electrode length).     

用光束脉冲矩阵研究多色光学谐振腔

用光束脉冲矩阵法分析了多色光学谐振腔的稳定条件；给出了计算腔内净群速度色散的准确表达式。具体分析了一种新型自锁模谐振腔，计算了它的腔内净群速度色散数值，为研究它的锁模机理提供了可靠的数据。     

单频窄线宽分布布拉格反射光纤激光器研究

分析了单频窄线宽分布布拉格反射（DBR）光纤激光器的单模工作条件,在此基础上算出单模工作区域,制作了一个单频窄线宽分布布拉格反射光纤激光器。该激光器在波长为975.5nm的半导体激光器抽动下,在1556.91nm波长处。当抽运功率为55.35mW时输出功率可达1.43mW,频宽小于1.2MHz(受测量仪器分辨率限制）。经测量,该输出激光是稳定的单纵模输出。     

基于滤波法的光纤光栅传感解调方案

FBG传感器对应变和温度的敏感体现在其反射光中心波长的变化上，因此如何测量波长的变化就成为FBG传感器的关键。在光纤光栅的多种解调方法中，因滤波法的测量器件制作简单，测量系统简易、方便直观而被广泛应用。主要介绍了8种基于滤波法的解调方法，对它们各自的成本、检测精度、测量范围、器件制作以及适用的环境进行了详细的比较，分析了它们的优缺点，以便于在不同的检测条件下选用最佳的解调方案。重点介绍了光学小波滤波解调法，探讨了其测量系统的原理，并指出该方法可用于微弱信号的检测与处理。     

全光纤双通道大气温室气体激光外差光谱探测技术研究

激光外差光谱技术是近年迅速发展的一种高光谱分辨率遥感探测技术,其装置具有体积小、光谱分辨率高等特点,适用于大气温室气体浓度的探测。各种观测实验已证明其是一种切实、有效的探测手段,在地球大气探测领域具有很大的应用前景和潜力。在现有激光外差光谱仪器的基础之上,提出了一种新型的仪器结构。采用光纤光开关对直射的太阳光进行调制与分束,实现利用单个光纤光开关进行两个波段激光外差信号的同时探测。为全光纤激光外差光谱仪的下一步系统集成和多波段激光外差光谱仪的构建提供了新方法。从激光外差探测的原理出发,分析了激光外差光谱探测技术的优势和关键参数,并结合自行研制的高精度太阳跟踪仪,搭建了一套近红外双通道全光纤式激光外差辐射计的原理样机。详细地阐述了激光外差辐射计原理样机中各功能模块的作用和参数,着重描述了光纤光开关在其中的作用原理和功能,详细地讨论了激光外差光谱仪的波长扫描模式和波长标定方法。在此基础上,讨论了激光外差辐射计的相关参数设置依据和仪器函数的测量方法,并给出了激光外差装置的仪器函数以及相应的光谱分辨率(0.004 4 cm-1)。利用搭建的激光外差光谱仪在合肥地区(31.9°N, 117.166°E)进行了实际的大气探测,同时在波段(6 056.2~6 058.1 cm-1)和(6 035.6~6 036.5 cm-1)分别获取了CH₄和CO₂分子的激光外差吸收信号,并对吸收信号进行了波长标定和归一化,得到了CH₄分子和CO₂分子的整层大气透过率谱,测量光谱信号的信噪比分别为197和209,同时也对分子吸收信号的光谱特征进行了分析。本文的测量实践表明光纤光开关可以用于激光外差光谱系统的结构优化,实现多通道多波段的激光外差光谱同时测量,拓展激光外差光谱仪在大气探测领域的应用。     

阵列波导光栅中心波长温度稳定性的研究

阵列波导光栅中心波长的温度不稳定性成为限制其应用的主要原因。为了设计温度不敏感阵列波导光栅,结合弹性多层板热应力理论和应力集中效应给出掩埋波导芯层应力的解析解,利用等效折射率法计算阵列波导的有效折射率及其温度系数,考虑波导材料折射率和波导长度随温度的变化得到了硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅中心波长的温度系数。并研究了贴有应力板的阵列波导光栅中心波长的温度特性,结果表明在芯片底部贴有0.37 mm厚的铝板时,TE模和TM模中心波长的温度系数分别是5.9 pm/℃和8.0 pm/℃,下降到传统阵列波导光栅中心波长温度系数的一半。     

Measurements of Key Parameters for Birefringent Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Optical Frequency-Domain Interferometry

This Letter describes measurements of modal birefringence (MB) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a birefringent single-mode optical fiber for use at 1.5 #x03BC;m in optical wavelength. Optical frequency-domain interferometry based on a fixed analyzer method is applied to the measurement of orthogonal polarization components of light guided in the fiber. An amplified spontaneous emission source having an optical wavelength range between 1520 and 1560 nm is used. A channeled interference spectrum is obtained to measure MB and PMD in turn. These two parameters are not frequency-dependent in the above optical wavelength range and MB = 4.0 #x00D7; 10^#x2212;4 and PMD = 1.33 ps/m are obtained.     

Properties of defect modes in one-dimensional photonic crystals containing two nonlinear defects

Transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal with two nonlinear defects were investigated based on the nonlinear transfer matrix method. From the inspection of the optical bistabilities around different defect modes, it was found that the threshold of bistability for the bonding mode is always lower than that for the anti-bonding mode. When intensity of the incident wave increases bistability could happen at any wavelength larger than the resonance wavelength of the linear anti-bonding mode in the gap. The threshold of bistability increases initially with the wavelength, then decreases sharply in reaching the resonance wavelength of the linear bonding mode. The coupling behavior of the two defects was also discussed, and it was found that the threshold of bistability increases with the distance between the two defects. A flat spectrum similar to that formed in the photonic crystal molecules was obtained under certain incident intensity.     

Hetero-core fiber Bragg grating for simultaneous measurement of strain and bending based on cladding mode ratiometric detection

A simple but practical method using multimode-single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for cladding mode based simultaneous measurement of strain and bending is proposed and investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that the intensity ratio between cladding mode and FBG resonance of hetero-core FBG show monotonous changes following with the increase of deflection, by which strain and bending discrimination can be achieved by measuring the wavelength shift of FBG resonance and ratiometrically detecting the intensity changes between cladding modes and FBG resonance.     

三波长测温中波长选取原则的理论分析

建立了在窄波段内具有普适性的无量纲化线性发射率模型,对基于此模型而提出三波长温度测量法,着重说明了三波长法适用的测量条件以及3个测量波长的选取原则。在波长选取原则的理论分析中,通过优化分析,依据由测量坐标而引出的等温线的概念,提出了两种理想测量的波长优化准则,从而为该方法的技术实现提供了重要的理论指导,同时该准则的优化思想也适用于多波长法的波长选取。     

TM020模式谐振腔束团长度监测器的设计与仿真（英）

提出了一种基于高次模式的谐振腔束团长度测量技术,新方法的谐振腔工作于高次本征模式TM0n0。这样的谐振腔拥有更大的腔体半径,从而移除了谐振腔半径必须大于束流管道半径这一原则带来的工作频率限制。为国家同步辐射实验室未来的正电子源设计了一台双腔束团长度监测器,讨论了谐振腔工作频率的选择并推导了束团长度的计算公式,监测器的谐振腔工作于TM020模式,其半径远大于使用TM010模式的传统方法,在CST软件中模拟的结果显示其束团长度测量精度好于7%。