Linearly polarized fiber laser using a point-by-point Bragg grating in a single-polarization photonic bandgap fiber

We present a narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized neodymium-doped fiber laser that incorporates a point-by-point Bragg grating inscribed into the core of a single-polarization all-solid photonic bandgap fiber. The Bragg grating was written within a single-polarization wavelength band of the fiber; thus, the Bragg reflection was polarized. This all-fiber laser produced 7.2 W, linearly polarized output with 25 pm FWHM and 19.6 dB polarization extinction ratio.     

基于谐振吸收效应的单模单偏振光子晶体光纤研究

提出了一种基于谐振吸收效应的单模单偏振光子晶体光纤，阐述了其工作原理，并利用全矢量有限元法对其模场分布、限制损耗、工作带宽、消光比等基本特性进行了数值模拟. 数值结果表明这种结构可以获得很高的单模单偏振工作带宽，并能以较低的损耗代价实现极高的消光比.讨论了结构设计参量对光纤性能的影响.研究结果对设计新型的高性能单模单偏振光纤具有一定的指导意义.     

Broadband single-polarization photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a single-mode photonic crystal fiber that supports only one polarization state in a 220-nm-broad spectral region centered at 727 nm. The fiber has a mode-field diameter of 15.5 microm and background losses of < 15 dB/km in the single-polarization region. To our knowledge, these are the broadest bandwidth and the largest mode size yet reported for a single-polarization fiber.     

A novel design for single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber at 1550 nm

The present paper proposes a novel design for achieving single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) operation at 1550 nm in photonic crystal fiber (PCF), using a rectangular-lattice PCF with two lines of three central air holes enlarged. The proposed PCF composed entirely of silica material is modeled by a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. Simulations show that single-polarization operation within broad wavelength range can be easily realized with the proposed structure. The wideband SPSM operation features, the low confinement losses, and the small effective mode area are the main advantages of the proposed PCF structure. A SPSM-PCF with confinement loss less than 0.1 dB/km within wavelength range from 1370 to 1610 nm and effective mode area about 4.7 μm2 at 1550 nm is numerically demonstrated.     

新型空气孔长方形排列单模单偏振光子晶体光纤的数值模拟

提出了一种空气孔长方形排列的单偏振光子晶体光纤结构，并利用基于棱边/节点混合元的带有完全匹配层吸收边界条件的全矢量有限元方法对该结构进行了分析.对设计思路进行了详细说明.通过优化结构参数在理论上获得了波长在1.38—1.61 μm范围内仅有慢轴模且限制损耗低于0.1 dB/km的单模单偏振操作. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 单偏振 限制损耗 全矢量有限元方法     

Highly Birefringent Honeycomb Photonic Bandgap Fibre

A new structure of highly birefringent honeycomb photonic bandgap fibres （PBGFs）, including an elliptical air hole in its solid core, is proposed and analysed by using full vectorial plane wave expansion method. From the numerical results it is confirmed that the proposed PBGF. has birefringence of the order of 10^-3. Moreover, there are two single-polarization single-mode ranges at varying normalized wavelength, in one of which only the slowaxis mode exists, and in the other only the fast-axis mode exists, which has not been achieved in index-guiding photonic crystal fibres so far.     

Microjoule-level all-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber source

We report on a high-power, high-energy femtosecond fiber source based on direct amplification of parabolic pulses from an environmentally stable passively mode-locked fiber oscillator in an Yb-doped single-polarization photonic crystal fiber. The special pulse shape allows for the generation of high-quality femtosecond pulses beyond nonlinearity limits. The system delivers a pulse energy of 1.2 microJ (21 W average power) at a repetition rate of 17 MHz and a pulse duration of 240 fs in a linearly polarized beam with diffraction-limited quality.     

Improved design of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers

We propose the realization of single-polarization operation in highly birefringent photonic crystal fibers. The suppression of one of the polarization states is realized by introducing index-matched cladding defect waveguides. The leakage loss of the index-matched polarization state can be enhanced by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. In particular, polarization-dependent loss larger than 2.97 dB/m with transmission loss lower than 0.03 dB/m in a wavelength region ranging from 1.54 to 1.566 microm can be realized in one such fiber.     

Single-polarization fiber with a high extinction ratio

An elliptical-core hole assisted single-polarization fiber was designed, fabricated, and characterized. Numerical modeling based on the vectorial Maxwell equation reveals the dependence of the single-polarization bandwidth on core delta and air-hole size. Several single-polarization fibers based on this design with their single-polarization operating windows centered between 0.9 and 1.5 microm were successfully demonstrated. A correlation between fiber birefringence and single-polarization operating bandwidth is qualitatively confirmed. A single-polarization bandwidth as high as 55 nm was observed. These fibers also show very high extinction ratios of 60 dB or higher at lengths much shorter than 1 m. Other properties such as the dependence on length of the single-polarization operating window were also measured.     

Design and analysis of a novel single-mode single-polarization photonic crystal fibre based on polarization-dependent coupling and absorption effect

A novel single-mode single-polarization (SMSP) photonic crystal fibre has been proposed and analysed based on the polarization-dependent coupling and absorption effect via a full-vector finite element method with perfectly matched layers. The numerical results predict that very efficient SMSP operation can be achieved with both high bandwidth and high extinction ratio at low loss penalty. Effects of the fibre structural parameters on the SMSP bandwidth and extinction ratio have been explored, which will provide useful guide for the design and fabrication of the fibre. The results obtained will be instructive for the realization of new SMSP fibres with high performance.     

Characterization of single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber using full-vectorial finite element method

A modal solution approach based on the powerful, finite element method (FEM) using a full-vectorial H-field formulation has been used to determine the single-mode operation of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The modal solution of the fundamental space-filling mode has also been obtained to identify the cutoff conditions of the waveguide modes. The FEM, with the perfectly matched layer boundary condition, has been developed and employed to characterize the leakage loss and the differential loss between the polarized modes of a PCF. The design approach for a single-polarization and single-mode PCF has also been discussed.     

Design of a single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber double-core coupler

A simple single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler with two cores is introduced. The full-vector finite-element method (FEM) is applied to analyze the modal interference phenomenon of the even and odd modes of two orthogonal polarizations and the power propagation within the two cores. Meanwhile, the SPSM coupling wavelength range and its corresponding coupling length for different structure parameters are numerically analyzed. The numerical results show that SPSM coupling can be realized with a broad range of wavelength, and the coupling length can be of millimeter magnitude. Moreover, the SPSM coupling wavelength range and the coupling length can be optimized by designing proper mirco-structure parameters of the coupler.     

Design of a Novel Mid-Infrared Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber with Low Loss,High Nonlinearity,and Large Bandwidth

ABSTRACT

A novel mid-infrared Ge₂₀Sb₁₅Se₆₅ chalcogenide-based single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with rectangular latticed circular air holes is proposed. The properties of SPSM bandwidth, confinement loss, and nonlinearity are analyzed in the 3 μm~8 μm mid-infrared region using the finite -difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The influences of different geometrical parameters on the properties of SPSM-PCF are analyzed. All numerical computational results reveal that for the optimized geometrical parameters, the proposed PCF can deliver a SPSM region of more than 2.3814 μm with high nonlinearity of 3,705 w^?1 km^?1. Therefore, such a SPSM-PCF will become an excellent candidate for mid-infrared photonic.     

光子晶体光纤拉制中工艺参数的控制

分析了光子晶体光纤拉制中各工艺参数之间的相互影响,建立了工艺参数与最终光纤结构之间的对应关系.在温度和送料速度的协调控制下,通过调节气压参数可有效控制气孔结构.实验拉制出孔径孔距比分别为0.45和0.8的单模以及高占空比光子晶体光纤.在制备非均匀孔径光子晶体光纤时,仅靠调控工艺参数往往难以拉制出理想结构,本文以一种单偏振单模PCF结构为例,对预制棒结构进行了优化设计.计算表明可由此拉制出满足要求的光子晶体光纤. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 工艺参数 气压控制 气孔结构     

High peak power operation and harmonic generation of a single-polarization, Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier

We report on the use of a single-polarization, 41 μm core-diameter, intrinsically single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to obtain high peak power (up to 800 kW), 1 ns-duration pulses in a 100:1 linearly polarized, intrinsically single-mode (M²  1.2) output. By transmitting the PCF output through nonlinear crystals, we also obtained efficient second, third, and fourth harmonic generation resulting in peak power >400 kW in the visible (green, 531 nm) and 200 kW in the UV (265.5 nm). To our knowledge these results represent the highest peak power obtained in a linearly polarized output from a fiber and the highest peak power in the visible and UV obtained through harmonic generation of the direct fiber output.     

Polarization dependent guiding in liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fibers

A theoretical study of nematic liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fibers (LCPCFs) is presented. Detailed investigations including the polarization dependent bandgap formation and the modal properties are given for LCPCFs, in which alignment of the molecules could be controlled by external static electric field. The polarization dependent bandgap splitting caused by the high index difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary dielectric index of nematic liquid crystals provides the possibility of single-mode single-polarization guiding. A polarization operation diagram is proposed to describe the guiding behavior of LCPCFs. The influence of rotation angle ? of the director of liquid crystals on the modal properties is investigated. It is shown that the polarization axis of the guided mode is determined by the rotation angle ?, which could be controlled by external electric field.     

Design and analysis of a photonic crystal fiber with four-hole unit

A novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on a four-hole unit is proposed in order to meet the requirements of high birefringence, negative dispersion and confinement loss in fiber-optic communication. The proposed design has been simulated based on the full vector finite element method (FVFEM) and anisotropic perfectly matched layers (APML). Analysis results show that the proposed PCF can achieve a high birefringence to the order of 10⁻² at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, a large negative dispersion over a wide wavelength range and confinement losses lower than 10⁻⁹ dB/m simultaneously, which has important applications in polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers, single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) fibers, dispersion compensation fibers and so on.     

Polarization and dispersion properties of elliptical hole golden spiral photonic crystal fiber

An elliptical air-hole golden spiral photonic crystal fiber (EGS-PCF) is analyzed with the full-vectorial finite element method. The air-holes in the EGS-PCF are arranged in a spiral pattern governed by the Golden Ratio, where the design has been inspired by the optimal arrangement of seeds found in nature. The EGS-PCF exhibits extremely high birefringence (～0.022 at operating wavelength 1550 nm) which is particularly useful for generating a polarization stable supercontinuum (SC). The fiber can also be designed to have a Zero Dispersion Wavelength (ZDW) at a suitable wavelength for only one polarization and large negative dispersion for the other, leading to a single-polarization SC. In addition, the fiber dispersion can be designed to obtain ZDWs at 800 nm and 1064 nm simultaneously, which can facilitate broadband supercontinuum generation (SCG) through multi-wavelength pumping.     

光子晶体光纤飞秒激光非线性放大系统的耦合动力学过程研究

构建了掺镱大模场面积单偏振光子晶体光纤飞秒激光非线性放大系统. 讨论了腔内净色散量和抽运功率对振荡级输出参数的影响和振荡级参数对放大级输出参数的影响. 在本实验条件下, 当腔内净色散量取较大负色散时, 振荡级直接输出的脉冲更宽, 且携带更少的啁啾. 当振荡级抽运4.53 W时, 选择最接近变换极限的脉冲作为种子脉冲, 放大级在60 W抽运时输出压缩后无基底的短脉冲, 宽度为45.7 fs, 平均功率28 W. 振荡级抽运功率增加到5.08 W, 放大级抽运70 W时, 获得最高输出功率34.5 W, 对应脉宽53.5 fs.