硝酸镧处理对微弧氧化二氧化钛膜光催化性能的影响

以磷酸钠为电解液,采用交流微弧氧化技术在钛网上直接制备TiO2膜,利用硝酸镧浸渍方法对该膜进行表面处理,以酸性大红染料模拟废水来评价TiO2膜光催化水中有机污染物的能力。利用X射线衍射仪、SEM和EDX对微弧氧化膜晶型、表面形貌和成分进行分析。结果表明:微弧氧化TiO2膜主要由锐钛矿TiO2组成,由于膜表面钠离子的沉积,微弧氧化TiO2膜的光催化性能较差;硝酸镧浸渍处理可以减少微弧氧化TiO2膜表面钠离子含量,改善膜的光催化性能,120min酸性大红染料废水的光催化脱色率由15%提高到34.8%以上。     

铁与氧气反应产物的讨论

运用热力学原理基础知识,分析铁燃烧生成四氧化三铁,铁在常温下生锈生成氧化铁的反应属性,说明它们都是热力学自发进行的反应。对氧化铁、四氧化三铁与氧化亚铁相互转化的温度条件作简要说明。     

镁合金阳极氧化膜的结构、成分及其耐蚀性

采用电压-时间曲线、膜厚-时间曲线、X射线衍射法、扫描电镜、能量色散谱仪、X射线光电子能谱法、全浸腐蚀实验和极化曲线等方法分别研究了AZ91D铸镁合金阳极氧化成膜动力学过程、阳极氧化膜的表面形貌、结构、元素组成、元素价态以及相成分和膜层的耐蚀性.结果表明,在阳极氧化的4个阶段中,由于各个阶段所生成膜的厚度、结构和成分等均不同,因此膜的耐蚀性相差很大;镁合金阳极氧化时耐蚀性最好的膜层是在阳极氧化过程中的第阶段和第阶段的交界处所生成的膜层;镁合金阳极氧化膜中含有Mg,O,Si,B和少量的Al,Na元素,膜层主要由MgO,MgSiO₃和Mg3B2O6组成.     

铁还原氧化铁的产物是氧化亚铁还是四氧化三铁

从热力学和实验验证的角度探讨“铁和氧化铁反应的产物是四氧化三铁,而不是氧化亚铁“。     

关于四氧化三铁中铁的价数问题的探讨

在我们学校有一大部分同学对四氧化三铁中铁的价数问题理解是模糊不清的,有的同学竟把四氧化三铁叫做氧化铁和氧化亚铁的混合物,甚至有些教科书和参考书也将四氧化三铁叫做氧化铁和氧化亚铁的混合物。如初中化学127页的注解(1952年版)也这样的写的。我觉得这个问题有进一步探讨和明确的必要。     

溶剂热法制备八面体纳米结构四氧化三铁

利用乙二醇溶剂热法成功制备了八面体结构四氧化三铁,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射仪、X射线衍射仪及超导量子干涉仪分析了合成产物的形貌、晶体结构及磁学性能,并探讨了多种实验条件对纳米结构形成的影响.结果表明所得八面体四氧化三铁纳米晶粒径均一,棱边尺寸约为120nm,室温下显示铁磁性质.     

镀锡薄钢板在功能饮料中的腐蚀行为

应用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能量散射X射线谱(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)等表面分析技术,研究了镀锡薄钢板在功能饮料中的腐蚀过程并探讨了腐蚀机制.结果表明:浸泡前期,EIS低频阻抗模值的增加与前31 h镀锡薄钢板表面形成的腐蚀产物膜有关;随着浸泡时间的增加,EIS低频阻抗模值有所下降,这与腐蚀产物膜的部分脱落以及暴露的基底金属碳钢的腐蚀有关.镀锡薄钢板在功能饮料中浸泡24天后其表面的腐蚀产物膜由外层的富锡层和内层的富铁层组成,XPS结果表明其成分主要是Sn(Ⅱ)/Sn(Ⅳ)与柠檬酸阴离子及Fe(Ⅲ)与柠檬酸阴离子组成的化合物,其腐蚀类型主要是功能饮料中的有机酸对镀锡薄钢板的腐蚀.     

水热法制备Fe3O4/rGO纳米复合物作为锂离子电池阳极材料

以氢氧化铁为四氧化三铁的前驱体,氧化石墨烯（GO）为还原石墨烯（rGO）的前驱体,以水合肼和二水合柠檬酸三钠为混合还原剂,采用水热法制备了还原石墨烯负载四氧化三铁纳米颗粒（Fe₃O₄/rGO）的复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）对产物的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征。以锂片为对电极进行了扣式电池的组装,通过恒电流充放电和循环伏安法对其电化学性能进行了测试。材料具有均一的形貌,rGO具有较高的还原程度且可以在充放电过程中缓冲Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的体积变化,使得Fe₃O₄/rGO纳米复合物具有较好的电化学性能。     

四氧化三铁纳米粒子表面接枝聚合制备磁性聚合物微球*

四氧化三铁聚合物微球因其结合了纳米四氧化三铁的超顺磁性和有机聚合物的多种特殊性质,如生物相容性、刺激响应性、荧光性,良好的分散性等,而在生物、医学、催化、分离等领域有着重要的应用前景,得到了深入研究。本文按聚合方法分类,综述了利用普通自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）、可逆加成断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）、氮氧稳定自由基聚合（NMRP）、活性开环聚合（ROP）等方法在四氧化三铁纳米粒子表面进行接枝聚合制备磁性聚合物微球的研究进展。     

钴掺杂的磁性氧化铁纳米粒子的可控合成

通过油酸盐前驱体高温热解法制备出大小均匀的钴掺杂四氧化三铁球形纳米粒子, 其钴/铁摩尔比可以通过调节油酸钴与油酸铁的比例进行调变. 当产物中钴/铁摩尔比从0.024增加到0.156, 所制备的氧化铁纳米粒子的饱和磁矩从39 emu·g^-1逐渐减小到30 emu·g^-1, 而矫顽力从0 Oe升至190 Oe. 在305℃下, 随着反应体系的热解时间由0.5 h 增加到3 h, 所制备出的氧化铁纳米粒子尺寸逐渐由7 nm增加到14 nm. 热解时间较短时, 以高价态的四氧化三铁的晶型为主, 辅之以少量的氧化亚铁; 热解时间增加至2 h, 产物的晶型为四氧化三铁和氧化亚铁的复合物; 而继续增加热解时间至3 h, 除四氧化三铁和氧化亚铁之外, 还出现少量的零价态的CoFe合金, 说明铁(钴)元素经历了由三价到二价, 最后被还原为零价的过程. 随着反应温度的升高, 产物的尺寸逐渐增大, 同时产物中氧化亚铁的含量增多.     

(NaPO3)6对AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层电化学腐蚀特性的影响

在Na2SiO3-KOH电解液体系中添加一定量的(NaPO3)6, 利用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在AZ91D 镁合金表面制备了原位生长的陶瓷层. 采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了添加(NaPO3)6前后, 制备的陶瓷层在3.5%(w) NaCl溶液中的室温电化学行为. 结果表明, 添加(NaPO3)6后, 陶瓷层的自腐蚀电位显著上升, 自腐蚀电流密度明显减小. 这主要是由于(NaPO3)6增加了反应过程中基体镁合金表面的“氧空位”和溶液中PO3-4的含量, 促使元素Mg在金属/膜层(M/F)界面上快速形成相应氧化物, 从而增加了陶瓷层的厚度和致密性. 根据电化学反应体系和陶瓷层的特殊结构, 建立了合理的等效电路, 并结合EIS 数据, 分析了添加(NaPO3)6提高陶瓷层耐电化学腐蚀性能的机理.     

微弧氧化法制备WO_3/TiO_2复合薄膜的结构及光催化性能

采用微弧氧化工艺分别在钨酸盐和磷酸盐电解液中制备了WO_3/TiO_2复合薄膜和单一的TiO_2膜(P-TiO_2),利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱对这两种膜层的结构及光物理特性进行了表征.结果表明,P-TiO_2膜由锐钛矿与金红石混合相组成,而WO_3/TiO_2膜中除锐钛矿与金红石混合相外,还含有W0O相.两种膜层表面粗糙多孔,WO_3/TiO_2膜的孔洞数量更多,分布更均匀.WO_3/TiO_2膜的光吸收范围较P-TiO_2膜略宽,但后者在紫外光区的光吸收性能更好.WO_3O/TiO_2膜的荧光发光强度比P-TiO_2的小,光生电子-空穴之间的分离效果好.与P-TiO_2膜相比,WO_3/TiO_2膜的表面酸度高,吸附有机物和羟基的能力更强.紫外光下照射2 h,WO_3/TiO_2能够降解85%罗丹明,而P-TiO_2膜只能降解23%.WO_3/Ti0_2膜的高光催化活性源于它较高的比表面积、较优的电子.空穴分离效果和较高的表面酸度.     

IR laser photodeposition of a-Fe/Si films developing nanograins of ferrisilicate, iron disilicide and rare hexagonal iron upon annealing

IR laser-induced gas-phase photolysis of Fe(CO)(5)-SiH(4) mixtures occurs as SiH(4)-photosensitized decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) is accelerated by products of this decomposition and it results in deposition of amorphous Si/Fe nanocomposite films. Analyses of the deposited and subsequently annealed solid films were made by FTIR, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The deposited films are amorphous, contain crystalline nanostructures of iron silicide FeSi(2) and undergo atmospheric oxidation in topmost layers to iron oxide and hydrogenated silicon oxide. Upon annealing they develop nanocrystalline structures of ferrisilicate, Fe(1.6)SiO(4), carbon-encaged iron disilicide, FeSi(2), and very rare hexagonal (high-pressure) Fe surviving at ambient conditions. The mechanism of formation of these nanostructures is discussed in terms of gas-phase and solid-phase reactions.     

用不同络合剂制备的Pd-Sn/C催化剂在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化的电催化性能

采用3种不同的络合剂[柠檬酸三钠、 反式-1,2-环己二胺四乙酸·一水(C₁₄H₂₂N₂O₈·H₂O, CyDTA)和氨水]制备了3种Pd-Sn/C催化剂. 用X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、 X射线衍射谱(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了3种催化剂的平均粒径、 形貌和组成. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的测试结果表明, 3种催化剂表面存在Sn和SnO_x 2种状态. 电化学测试结果表明, 3种催化剂在碱性电解液中对乙醇氧化的电催化性能均优于商业化的Pd/C催化剂, 其中用CyDTA制备的Pd-Sn/C催化剂在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化的电催化性能最好.     

A study of the enhanced oxidation of poly-N-vinylimidazole films on copper

The degradation of poly-N-vinylimidazole films on copper substrates was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Infrared measurements on samples heated at 300°C for 15 minutes revealed that the oxidation of the polymer was accelerated by the copper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a layer of copper oxide was formed on top of the oxidized film. Copper ions were also detected within the polymer layer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Formation of Protective Coatings on Graphite by a Microspark Oxidation Method

Models, mechanisms, and criteria of formation of protective coatings on graphite by a microspark oxidation method (MSO) are considered. It is established that a prerequisite for the graphite MSO is the deposition of a barrier film of a valve metal oxide at the graphite surface. Optimum regimes of the graphite MSO in aqueous solutions of sodium aluminate are determined. Protective coatings on graphite comprising α-phase aluminum oxide are obtained. It is concluded that the graphite MSO should be viewed as a version of MSO of metals, which involves the electrochemical deposition (at high voltages that cause the anode to microspark) of oxide films consisting of electrolyte components on graphite, as opposed to a version of MSO of metals, which involves the formation of an anodic film consisting of electrolyte components and the intrinsic oxide.     

Surface characteristics of AZ91D alloy anodized with various conditions

Anodic oxidation of an AZ91D magnesium alloy was carried out in an attempt to increase the corrosion resistance. The alloy was placed in an electrolyte containing 0.1 M sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), 2.0 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.1 M sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), and treated with a current density of 100–400 mA/cm² for 1 to 4 min. After the anodic oxidation treatment, the surface characteristics were analyzed by SEM, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and a surface roughness tester. The corrosion resistance was determined by measuring the corrosion potential and corrosion current density using potentiodynamic polarization in a 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte solution. Although the anodic oxidation treatment with the base electrolyte resulted in an arrival voltage ranging from 60 to 70 V, the addition of silicate tended to reduce this arrival voltage by approximately 10–20 V and decrease the critical voltage required for the formation of a porous oxide film. The pore size and film thickness increased with increasing applied current and treatment time. The addition of silicate to the electrolyte resulted in films with a homogeneous pore size and a film thickness increasing with the increasing applied current and treatment time. XRD showed the formation of a new MgO and Mg₂SiO₄ phase. The formation of Mg₂SiO₄ was attributed to the presence of SiO₄^4? in the film. After the addition of silicate, the corrosion potential increased and corrosion current decreased, resulting in improved corrosion resistance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oxidative and tribological properties of amorphous and quasicrystalline approximant Al-Cu-Fe thin films

The origins of the tribological properties and corrosion resistance of amorphous and quasicrystalline approximant alloys have been studied by comparing their properties in thin Al-Cu-Fe alloy films with compositions lying near the quasicrystalline region of the ternary compositional phase diagram. Six sputtered thin films of an Al-Cu-Fe alloy were studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and an in situ ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) tribometer. The films were annealed in UHV to induce the formation of orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and amorphous bulk structures. The properties of these thin films were then determined in the same UHV apparatus without exposing the films to air. The rates of surface oxidation by H2O and O2 were measured using XPS. Although the oxidation rates and oxide thicknesses were dependent on the oxidant, they were not sensitive to the structures of the films. Friction was measured between identical samples in sliding contact. The friction coefficients (micros = 0.36 +/- 0.11 to 0.56 +/- 0.08) were comparable to those observed in other experiments using quasicrystals and approximants in UHV; however, there was no strong correlation between the friction coefficients and either the film structure or the degree of surface oxidation. These results suggest that the tribological and corrosion resistance properties of these quasicrystalline approximant alloys are not directly connected to crystalline structure.     

Thermal transformations of titanium slag of high titania content

Titanium raw materials play important role as a source of titanium and titanium dioxide. The investigation of the rate of oxidation and phase transformation of titanium slag in static air atmosphere by use of thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were presented. The investigation were carried out for three different particle size fractions to determine influence of this parameter on rate of reaction. To estimate kinetic parameters was used the kinetic model of contracting volume. The value of kinetic parameters show that influence of heating rate and particle size on rate of reaction is not so large. The thermogravimetric investigations of the oxidation of titanium slag in air atmosphere shown that reaction proceeds in two stages. The XRD investigation shown that titanium slag has the pseudobrookite structure and its diffraction pattern is very close to the diffractogram of magnesium titanate MgTi₂O₅ and iron magnesium titanium oxide (Fe-Mg-Ti-O). At elevated temperature the structure of slag transforms to the ferric pseudobrookite structure and excess titanium dioxide forms the rutile phase. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fe~(3+)离子对二氧化钛光电化学催化性能的影响

应用电化学阳极氧化法制备Ti上多孔状纳米晶TiO2薄膜,以及不同Fe3+离子掺杂量的二氧化钛薄膜.研究了Fe3+离子掺杂对二氧化钛薄膜吸收光谱和光催化活性的影响,发现Fe3+的掺杂使薄膜的吸收带边发生红移,在可见光照射下其光催化活性也有一定的提高.