离体射流的位置对翼型气动特性的影响

为了改善风力机叶片流动分离现象,本文在雷诺数为1×106、来流攻角21°时研究了离体射流微小圆柱的分布位置对NACA0018翼型气动性能的影响.首先分别在翼型前缘前和上表面附近,研究离体射流微小圆柱的射流动量对翼型气动性能的影响,发现两种位置下翼型的气动性能都有所改善,其中上表面附近控制时效果更好;接着研究控制装置在上...     

离体射流参数对翼型气动性能的影响

为了提高翼型的气动性能,在NACA0018前缘前设置离体射流来控制流场。采用数值模拟方法研究不同射流圆柱直径、射流口长度、射流装置距表面距离和射流动量时的离体射流对翼型控制效果的影响。计算结果表明引入不同方案的离体射流均可不同程度地提升翼型的气动性能,主要体现在升力系数的提升上,而对阻力系数的控制能力较弱。通过变攻角性能分析发现离体射流能在多攻角下保持良好的控制能力。流场显示射流使翼型前缘产生负压区并消除翼型上表面的分离泡。     

离体射流对S809翼型气动性能的影响

在Re=5×10⁶的条件下,分别在S809翼型前缘点附近不同位置处设置离体射流装置,改变射流动量的大小和射流口宽度,探究其对S809翼型气动性能的影响。并通过流场分析,研究这种流动控制手段有效的物理机理。结果表明:在射流装置位置和射流口宽度固定时,射流动量的大小对控制效果影响显著;在S809翼型表面附近设置微小离体射流装置后,即使关闭射流(射流动量为零时),也具有一定的流动分离控制效果;当射流动量逐渐增大时,射流能明显的减小流动分离泡的大小,降低阻力系数,同时可以有效提升升力系数,使得翼型的气动性能得到进一步显著提升。值得指出的是,射流口宽度与射流装置的位置对流动控制效果也具有一定的影响。     

低Reynolds数下合成双射流控制结冰翼型流动分离的数值模拟

通过FLUENT软件数值模拟的方法,分别对结明冰、混合冰、霜冰翼型的气动特性进行了研究,分析了合成双射流对改善结冰翼型流动分离的影响规律.结果表明:3种冰形均破坏了翼型的流线型,对翼型的气动力特性有不同程度的影响,其中霜冰对翼型气动力特性影响最小,明冰对翼型气动力特性影响最大,混合冰介于两者之间.开启合成双射流激励器,在小攻角情况下,结冰翼型的气动特性得到了有效的改善.而在大攻角情况下,合成双射流激励器不能完全消除分离涡,但可以推迟分离涡,分离涡厚度增加,分离涡最厚点推后.      

涡发生器对风力机翼型动态失速的影响

基于计算流体力学方法(CFD),对带/不带涡发生器的风力机翼型DU-97-W-300的静态和动态气动特性进行了数值研究,在数值计算的静态升力系数与实验值吻合较好的前提下,分析了其动态失速过程中气动性能的迟滞变化规律。干净翼型在攻角减小中的气动性能呈现周期性波动,涡发生器可以有效控制分离流动,明显提升翼型动态过程中的气动性能.     

几种前缘流动控制的实验研究

在低速风洞中，以NACA0012翼型为例，采用对比实验的方法，研究了三种改善翼型大攻角气动性能的流动控制措施，即（1）在翼型上表面安装小三角翼涡发生器；（2）在翼型前缘安装矩形涡发生器；（3）利用前缘切口．实验雷诺数分别为4．9×105到6．5×105，攻角范围为-10°至20°．实验结果表明三种措施均可不同程度地改善原翼型在其失速区域的性能，不仅可以提高翼型的升力，而且可以提高其升阻比；但常用攻角范围内翼型气动性能有不同程度的下降，三种措施各有优缺点．几种前缘流动控制的实验研究@刘宝杰$北京航空航天大学404教研室!北京,1…     

风电仿生大厚翼型气动控制实验研究

通过风洞实验对DU40光滑翼型,DU40-11wavy和DU40-25wavy两种仿生风电翼型,在Re=2×10~5时进行流场测试,得到各项气动参数。对典型攻角进行油流显示实验,对翼型周围流场影响进行了对比分析。结果表明:实验结果两种仿生风电翼型在光滑翼型失速后升力提高,同时DU40-11wavy翼型在失速前区,气动力性能相比于光滑翼型降低3%,相比于展示了DU40-25wavy翼型DU40-11wavy翼型的良好性能更良好,流场显示实验表明凹凸前缘对应的凸包截面延缓了流动分离,凹谷截面提前了流动分离。     

振荡射流提高翼型升力的机理研究

本文数值模拟了施加振荡射流以及相应定常吸气条件下的翼型分离流动。对振荡射流改善翼型升力的机理进行了研究。结果表明,翼型表面施加的振荡射流能够控制流动分离的形态,提高分离区流体的湍流度,增强分离区内部流体,以及与主流的动量和能量交换,增强近壁区流体的动能,降低翼型吸力面压力,而对压力面无显著影响,因而翼型的升力得到提高。     

波状前缘对风力机翼型失速性能影响数值分析

为研究仿生波状前缘对翼型失速性能的影响,本文采用S-A湍流模型,对风力机翼型NACA634-021(光滑前缘)以及对应的正弦波状前缘仿生翼型的绕流流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,光滑翼型在20°攻角附近发生深度失速,升力系数骤然下降;而波状前缘仿生翼型有效改善了失速特性,升力系数变化较平稳,在大攻角下高于光滑翼型。通过流场分析发现光滑翼型失速前后升力系数骤然下降的主要原因在于前缘压力面和吸力面的压差大幅度下降,而仿生翼型改变了前缘的压力分布特性,进而改变了大攻角下的分离特性,促进流向涡对的产生和发展,使得凸峰附近保持附着流动,进而提高升力。     

提高水平轴风力机叶型升力的实验研究

本文针对某水平轴风力机叶片不同叶高分布的两种叶型,在头部不同位置加入不同频率和动量的振荡射流进行对比实验研究,得到不同情况下叶型的表面压力分布。发现在叶片吸力面头部某些位置加入一定频率和动量段范围内的振荡射流,可以有效的提高叶型的升力系数,达到改善风力机叶型气动性能的目的,为风力机叶片的流动控制技术提供了一种有效的方案。     

等离子体激励翼型分离流动控制数值模拟

文章利用CFD软件FLUENT中的自定义函数接口, 将等离子体对中性气体的激励作用模型化为体积力引入Navier-Stokes方程, 研究了等离子体气动激励诱导的平板射流, 以及介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)等离子体激励对NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流的控制作用.计算分析表明, 多对电极等离子体激励器可以有效控制NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流动.      

风力机翼型在失速工况下非定常流场的本征正交分解分析

风力机气动性能受静态失速与动态失速影响很大,对风力机翼型的失速问题研究具有重要意义。本文通过计算流体力学方法得到的风力机翼型在固定大攻角工况,以及大攻角震荡工况下的非定常流场,来研究翼型静态失速与动态失速。采用本征正交分解方法(POD),对非定常流场降阶,得到流场的POD模态以及对应的系数。POD模态结果表明在静态失速下,主要非定常流动结构是尾迹区域交替脱落的涡结构;在动态失速下,除了尾迹区域,前缘和整个吸力面都存在流动分离结构。     

An experimental study of airfoil instability tonal noise with trailing edge serrations

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of trailing edge serrations on airfoil instability noise. Detailed aeroacoustic measurements are presented of the noise radiated by an NACA-0012 airfoil with trailing edge serrations in a low to moderate speed flow under acoustical free field conditions. The existence of a separated boundary layer near the trailing edge of the airfoil at an angle of attack of 4.2 degree has been experimentally identified by a surface mounted hot-film arrays technique. Hot-wire results have shown that the saw-tooth surface can trigger a bypass transition and prevent the boundary layer from becoming separated. Without the separated boundary layer to act as an amplifier for the incoming Tollmien–Schlichting waves, the intensity and spectral characteristic of the radiated tonal noise can be affected depending upon the serration geometry. Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the airfoil wakes for a straight and serrated trailing edge are also reported in this paper. These measurements show that localized normal-component velocity fluctuations that are present in a small region of the wake from the laminar airfoil become weakened once serrations are introduced. Owing to the above unique characteristics of the serrated trailing edges, we are able to further investigate the mechanisms of airfoil instability tonal noise with special emphasis on the assessment of the wake and non-wake based aeroacoustic feedback models. It has been shown that the instability tonal noise generated at an angle of attack below approximately one degree could involve several complex mechanisms. On the other hand, the non-wake based aeroacoustic feedback mechanism alone is sufficient to predict all discrete tone frequencies accurately when the airfoil is at a moderate angle of attack.     

基于AC-DBD等离子体激励的NACA0012翼型动态失速控制

以NACA0012翼型为研究对象,采用动态测压及PIV测量技术,研究了AC-DBD等离子体激励器对翼型俯仰及耦合运动动态失速的控制作用和机理.研究表明,等离子体激励能够显著推迟失速迎角,抑制失速后的升力系数陡降,提前流动再附和升力系数回升,减小升力及俯仰力矩系数曲线迟滞环面积,改善翼型气动特性.研究了不同运动参数及激励器设置参数对控制效果的影响,结果表明翼型俯仰运动频率及激励器激励频率分别对激励器控制效果影响最大,为后续相关研究提供了数据基础.      

Sound radiation from real airfoils in turbulence

Leading edge noise measurements and calculations have been made on a three airfoils immersed in turbulence. The airfoils included variations in chord, thickness and camber and the measurements encompass integral scale to chord ratios from 9 to 40 percent as well as 4:1 ratios of leading edge radius and airfoil thickness to integral scale. Angle of attack is found to have a strong effect on the airfoil response function but for the most part only a small effect on leading edge noise because of the averaging effect of the isotropic turbulence spectrum. Angle of attack effects can therefore be significant in non-isotropic turbulence and dependent on airfoil shape. It is found that thicker airfoils generate significantly less noise at high frequencies but that this effect is not determined solely by the leading edge radius or overall thickness. Camber effects appear likely to be small. Angle of attack effects on the response function of a strongly cambered airfoil are shown to be centered on zero angle of attack, rather than the zero lift angle of attack.     

二维网格生成技术及其应用

本文采用解析变换生成二维贴体、正交网格。对变换的精度及对流场解的影响以及如何对网格生成进行控制、形成与流场参数变化相适应的网格分布等问题以NACA0012翼型为例进行了深入地探讨,并成功地应用于欧拉方程数值解。     

Unsteady loading on an airfoil of arbitrary thickness

The unsteady loading on an airfoil of arbitrary thickness is evaluated by using the generalized form of Blasius theorem and a conformal mapping that maps the airfoil surface onto a circle. For a blade vortex interaction the results show that the time history of the unsteady loading is determined by the passage of the vortex relative to the leading edge singularity in the circle plane. The singularity lies inside the circle and moves to a smaller radius as the thickness is increased, causing the unsteady loading pulse to be smoothed. The effect of angle of attack is to move the stagnation point relative to the leading edge singularity and this significantly increases the unsteady lift if the vortex passes on the suction side of the airfoil. These characteristics are different for a step upwash gust, which is considered as a simplified model of a large scale turbulent gust. It is shown that the time history of the magnitude of the unsteady loading is almost completely unaltered by angle of attack for the step gust, but it's direction of action rotates forward by an angle equal to the angle of attack, extending an earlier result by Howe for a flat plate in a turbulent flow to airfoils of arbitrary thickness. However spectral analysis of the gust shows that the high frequency blade response is reduced as the thickness of the airfoil is increased.     

基于雷诺应力模型的高精度分离涡模拟方法

基于Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski/Launder-Reece-Rodi(SSG/LRR)-ω雷诺应力模型发展了一类分离涡模拟方法,结合高精度加权紧致非线性格式在典型翼型及三角翼算例中进行了验证,并和传统基于线性涡粘模型的分离涡模拟方法进行了对比.结果表明:基于SSG/LRR-ω模型的分离涡模拟方法,提高了原雷诺应力模型对非定常分离湍流的模拟能力;同时相比于传统基于线性涡粘模型的分离涡模拟方法,尤其是在翼型最大升力迎角和三角翼涡破裂迎角附近,该方法在平均气动力预测的准确度、分离湍流模拟的精细度等方面更加优秀.