分子印迹壳聚糖膜分离手性苯丙氨酸

以L-苯丙氨酸(L-Phe)为印迹分子,采用相转化法制备了分子印迹壳聚糖膜。分别采用碱液处理和硫酸交联两种方法对膜进行处理,降低了壳聚糖膜的溶胀度,印迹膜内识别位点的结构得以保持。采用FT-IR和SEM对膜的化学组成和结构形态进行了表征。通过渗透实验考察了分子印迹壳聚糖膜和非印迹空白壳聚糖膜对D,L-苯丙氨酸(D,L-Phe)混合物的手性拆分性能,并与空白膜进行了比较。印迹膜的分离因子达到1.43。     

硫酸交联壳聚糖膜质子传导行为的研究

制备了硫酸交联壳聚糖膜, 通过研究其质子传导性能、力学性能、化学成分及结构变化, 分析了硫酸与壳聚糖分子间的交联方式, 并对质子传导机理进行了解析. 结果表明, 硫酸交联可显著改善壳聚糖膜的质子传导能力与力学性能, 这种改善作用在交联6 h后趋于稳定, 交联6 h后的壳聚糖湿膜在室温下时质子传导率为0.0472 S• cm^－1, 比未交联的壳聚糖膜提高5倍左右. 硫酸交联壳聚糖膜中的质子传导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius定律, 质子传导激活能为18 kJ/mol, 其传导机制应属于Grotthus机制. 硫酸对提高壳聚糖膜的质子传导能力主要有两方面的作用: (1) H₂SO₄可使壳聚糖分子中NH₂质子化形成NH₃^＋. (2) 处于两个氨基之间的SO₄^2－在质子传递过程中起离子桥梁作用, 参与以水分子为载体的质子传导过程, 从而减小质子传导的阻力, 提高了质子传导率.     

分子印迹壳聚糖膜和柚皮苷模板分子间相互作用的研究

以壳聚糖为膜材料,以柚皮苷为模板分子,通过硫酸交联在水相中制备了水相识别柚皮苷分子印迹壳聚糖膜。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）、紫外光谱（UV）和红外光谱（FT-IR）初步研究了模板分子和功能单体之间的相互作用,表明体系产生了新的氢键。     

分子印迹电化学传感器测定L-色氨酸的研究

报道了一种由溶胶-凝胶法制备的分子印迹电化学传感器,并用于L-色氨酸的测定.印迹聚合物是由四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷等聚合而成,L-色氨酸为模板分子.通过循环伏安法验证了印迹膜与模板分子的结合和去除.该传感器对L-色氨酸具有良好的选择性以及高的灵敏度,线性范围为1.0×10-9～1.0×10-5m...     

一步电沉积制备交联型有机-无机生物杂化膜构筑双酶传感器的研究

利用一步电沉积法,以含有环氧基团的γ-环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）为无机杂化试剂和功能性交联试剂,通过壳聚糖（Chitosan,CS）、辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）和葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）分子中-NH2与环氧基团的反应,在金电极表面原位制备交联型有机-无机生物杂化膜,得到共固定HRP和GOD的新型双酶生物传感器．实验证实了这种有机-无机生物杂化膜在不同酸、碱条件下都具有高的稳定性和耐用性,克服了CS酸溶的不足,从而扩大了其使用范围．在葡萄糖检测中,交联型双酶传感器HRP-GOD／GPTMS／CS,Au比无交联的双酶传感器HRP-GOD／CS／Au具有更高的灵敏度、更宽的线性范围,其线性范围为1μmol／L-351μmol／L,检期4限为0．3μmol／L．     

分子印迹膜的制备研究进展

将分子印迹技术与膜分离技术相结合的分子印迹膜,由于其高选择性,近年来受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注.本文初步探讨了分子印迹膜(MIM) 的两种分离机理以及目前主要的制备方法:同步法和复合法.     

铅离子印迹聚合物的制备表征及其吸附性能研究

以铅离子为模板,壳聚糖为功能单体,采用分子印迹技术,加入交联剂环氧氯丙烷,合成了铅离子印迹的交联壳聚糖。通过红外光谱对铅离子交联壳聚糖进行了结构表征,通过扫描电镜对其形态结构进行表征。研究了不同条件下交联壳聚糖对铅离子的吸附性能,结果表明,当溶液p H=4.5时,交联壳聚糖对溶液中铅离子的吸附效率较高。吸附在交联壳聚糖上的铅离子可用0.1mol·L的EDTA溶液洗脱,洗脱率达82.73%。利用原子吸收分光光度法对印迹聚合物的最大吸附量进行了研究,结果表明,所合成的模板交联壳聚糖分子印迹聚合物对铅离子具有良好的吸附性;对印迹聚合物的选择性吸收进行研究,研究表明,印迹聚合物对铅离子的选择性好,能用于水溶液中除去铅离子。     

分子印迹聚吡咯/Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其在识别色氨酸光学异构体中的应用

首先利用共沉淀法合成了磁性材料Fe3O4,再以吡咯为单体,L-色氨酸为模板分子,采用化学聚合法使吡咯在Fe3O4表面发生原位聚合,同时通过分子间的作用力以及氢键作用将模板分子掺杂到Fe3O4表面的聚吡咯中,从而制备了分子印迹聚吡咯/Fe3O4复合材料,并且利用该材料的磁性质实现固液分离。在1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中,通过施加1 V的电位使聚吡咯发生过氧化从而使L-色氨酸模板分子脱掺杂。根据分子印迹的原理,该分子印迹的复合材料可用于识别L-色氨酸光学异构体。将扫描电镜、X射线衍射及电化学法用于该分子印迹复合材料的表征。将该材料填入到多孔陶瓷管,将L-和D-色氨酸溶液分别流过该多孔陶瓷管,流出液用高效液相色谱检测,发现该复合材料对于L-色氨酸的富集能力接近D-色氨酸的两倍,说明该复合材料具有作为手性识别色谱固定相的潜力。     

赤霉酸分子印迹聚合物及印迹膜的制备与性能研究

以赤霉酸(GA3)为印迹分子,改变功能单体与致孔剂种类合成了四个分子印迹聚合物(MIP1-4)及两个分子印迹膜(MIM1-2).采用紫外光度法分别测定了印迹分子分别与功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)间的结合常数和化学计量比(n＝2).平衡结合实验研究表明,以AM为单体制备的MIP1对印迹分子GA3具有更高的结合量和良好的印迹效率.膜渗透及膜过滤实验表明,以AM为单体制备的MIM1对GA3分子具有一定的选择性分离性能.     

壳聚糖交联膜结构及性能的研究

壳聚糖是一种天然生物高分子聚合物，是甲壳素脱乙酰化产物，具有很好的成膜特性．用一种金属离子把壳聚糖分子中的螫合基团络合保护后，用戊二醛交联，并在酸性条件下将该金属离子洗脱，得到了螯合基团依然保留的壳聚糖交联膜．对壳聚糖交联膜的结构及性能进行了研究．结果表明：金属离子有效地保护了壳聚糖分子上的络合基因，该膜的性能较好，对阴离子的选择透过性比较好，并将其应用于元素的分离．     

柚皮苷分子印迹膜的水相制备与识别

以柚皮苷为印迹分子,PEG为致孔剂,在水相中制备了柚皮苷分子印迹壳聚糖膜.分别讨论了交联剂、致孔剂和印迹分子的用量对印迹膜结构和性能的影响.用SEM观察了致孔剂对印迹膜形貌及孔径的影响.紫外吸收光谱分析、柚皮苷在不同体系中的溶解度变化,以及红外光谱分析的结果表明功能聚合物壳聚糖和模板分子柚皮苷间形成了氢键.膜的渗透实验结果表明,在水相中,柚皮苷分子印迹膜能有效地从新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的混合液中分离出印迹分子柚皮苷,选择透过率为11.16%.     

Molecularly imprinted capillary electrochromatography for selective determination of thiabendazole in citrus samples

In this work, the suitability of the combination of molecular imprinting and capillary electrochromatography (MIP-CEC) to be used as powerful tool in environmental or food analysis has been for the first time studied and successfully demonstrated. A molecularly imprinted monolith (MIM) has been synthesised and evaluated as stationary phase for the selective determination of the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) in citrus samples by non-aqueous capillary electrochromatography. The influence of the mobile phase composition, the voltage of the power supply and the separation temperature on the recognition of TBZ by the imprinted polymer has been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the MIM was clearly demonstrated. Once optimum recognition conditions were established, other variables affecting mechanical properties and chromatographic performance of MIM were adjusted using computational approach. The high selectivity achieved by the MIP-CEC developed procedure allowed unambiguous detection and quantification of TBZ in citrus samples by direct injection of the crude sample extracts, without any previous clean-up, in less than 6 min. The developed method was properly validated and the calculated detection limits were below the established maximum residue limits (MRLs), clearly demonstrating the suitability of the method to be used for the control of the selected fungicide.     

Effects of water-alcohol binary solvents on the thermochemical characteristics of L-tryptophane dissolution at 298.15 K

The enthalpies of L-tryptophane solution in water-methanol, water-ethanol, water-1-propanol, and water-2-propanol mixtures at alcohol concentrations of x ₂ = 0–0.4 mole fractions were measured by calorimetry. The standard enthalpies of L-tryptophane solution (Δ_sol H ^°) and transfer (Δ_tr H ^°) from water to the binary solvent were calculated. The influence of the composition of the water-alcohol mixture and the structure and properties of L-tryptophane on the enthalpy characteristics of the latter was considered. The enthalpy coefficients of pair interactions (h _xy ) of L-tryptophane with alcohol molecules were calculated. The coefficients were positive and increased in the series: methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), and 2-propanol (2-PrOH). The solution and transfer enthalpies of L-tryptophane were compared with those of aliphatic amino acids (glycine, L-threonine, DL-alanine, L-valine, and L-phenylalanine) in similar binary solvents.     

An Unexpected Molecular Imprinting Effect for a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon,Anthracene, Using Uniform Size Ethylene Dimethacrylate Particles

A non-covalent type of molecular imprinting effect toward a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), viz. anthracene, was studied utilizing uniformly sized ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) polymer particles without functional host monomers. Although polymerization at 0°C initiated by a redox initiation system was expected to afford larger molecular imprinting effect due to stronger and more effective intermolecular interaction between the template and surface functional groups of the polymer, almost no imprinting effect was observed, while a much higher polymerization temperature of 70°C unexpectedly afforded a larger molecular imprinting effect for the template anthracene. In order to determine the unexpected imprinting effects observed, uniformly sized, macroporous un-imprinting EDMA polymer particles (base particles) were prepared by various polymerization techniques at different polymerization temperature as well as with different initiation systems. The careful studies proved that each kind of base polymer particle showed different molecular recognition ability, especially toward anthracene, which is depends upon the physical properties of each kind of base polymer particle. On the basis of these facts, we would propose that the potential molecular recognition ability of the un-imprinted base polymer particles is another important factor for realization of effective molecular imprinting alongside the factors reported previously.     

Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes

A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.     

自组装碳纳米管-氯洁霉素分子印迹溶胶-凝胶电化学传感器研究

结合自组装技术, 采用电聚合方法在碳纳米管修饰金电极表面制备对氯洁霉素具有特异性识别位点的分子印迹溶胶-凝胶薄膜, 成功构建了一种新型印迹溶胶-凝胶电化学传感器. 通过循环伏安法(CV)、示差脉冲法(DPV)、安培计时法(I-t)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了该印迹溶胶-凝胶膜的电化学性能和表面形貌. 结果表明, 该传感器具有良好的选择性和灵敏度, 氯洁霉素在多壁碳纳米管修饰的印迹溶胶-凝胶传感器上的响应明显提高. 该印迹溶胶-凝胶传感器对氯洁霉素的浓度响应线性范围为5.0×10^-7~8.0×10^-5 mol/L, 检出限为2.44×10^-8 mol/L. 该传感器被成功地用于人体尿液中氯洁霉素的分析测定.     

Recognition characteristics of molecularly imprinted microspheres for triazine herbicides using hydrogen-bond array strategy and their analytical applications for corn and soil samples

The homogeneous molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) based on a biologically inspired hydrogen-bond array were prepared using allobarbital as the novel functional monomer and divinylbenzene as the cross-linker. The host-guest binding characteristics were examined by molecular simulation and infrared spectroscopy. The resultant MIMs were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography and solid-phase extraction. The results obtained demonstrate that the good imprinting effect and the excellent selectivity of MIMs are mainly due to the interaction involving the formation of three-point hydrogen bond between host and guest. The complete baseline separation was obtained for five triazine analogues and a metabolite on the MIM HPLC column. The MIMs were further successfully used as a specific sorbent for selective extraction of simetryne from corn and soil samples by molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. Detection limits and recoveries were 5.8 μg/kg and 0.14 μg/kg and 87.4-105% and 94.6-101% for simetryne in corn and soil sample, respectively.     

A novel electrosynthesized polymer applied to molecular imprinting technology

Poly(2-macaptobenzimidazole) (PMBI) films are prepared at the gold electrode surface by electropolymerization using imprinting technology and the target analyte cholesterol is used as the template. A cholesterol-selective sensor based on PMBI film was employed in conjunction with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and ferricyanide as mediator. Concentration of cholesterol up to 100 μM could be detected with a linear determination range up to 20 μM and a detection limit of 0.7 μM. The molecular imprinting approach offers a relatively nice selectivity for the sensor toward cholesterol with respect to common coexisting substances. The method is simple and the stability of the electrode prepared is satisfactory. The results of this research show the feasibility of using molecular imprinting methodology for preparing sensing devices for analytes that are electrochemically inactive.     

模板分子中作用基团的数目及位置对印迹聚合物印迹效应的影响

为了研究模板分子中作用基团的数目和位置对印迹聚合物印迹效应的影响, 分别以含有羟基数目和位置不同的羟基苯甲酸化合物3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸(3,4,5-THBA), 3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3,4-DHBA), 2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-DHBA)和3-羟基苯甲酸(3-HBA)为模板分子, 以丙烯酰胺为功能单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂和乙腈(MeCN)为致孔剂, 采用非共价本体聚合方法制备了对应的印迹聚合物, 用色谱法评价了其分子识别性能. 结果表明, 制备的印迹聚合物对相应的模板分子均具有印迹效应, 在流动相H₂O/MeCN(体积比1/99)中, 各印迹聚合物对相应的模板分子3,4,5-THBA, 3,4-DHBA, 2,4-DHBA和3-HBA的印迹因子分别为5.51, 5.55, 2.60和2.03. 通过与同样条件下制备的龙胆酸(GA)、水杨酸(SA)和对-羟基苯甲酸(4-HBA)印迹聚合物对其模板分子印迹效应的比较发现, 模板分子中作用基团数目越多, 印迹效率越高; 模板分子中作用基团-COOH和-OH的相对位置对印迹效率影响很大, 当-COOH和-OH在苯环上处于对位时的印迹效率, 高于其处于间位的印迹效率; 当-COOH和-OH在苯环上处于邻位时, 由于形成分子内氢键会降低其印迹效率. 实验还发现, 3,4-DHBA的印迹聚合物可以实现其结构类似物3,4,5-THBA和2,4-DHBA的基线分离, 为生物活性组分3,4,5-THBA的分离和测定提供了依据.