普瑞巴林的合成研究进展

普瑞巴林是首个获美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准,用于治疗两种以上神经性疼痛的药物,在临床上具有给药次数少,不良反应小等优点。普瑞巴林全合成过程中的关键步骤在于C 3位手性中心的构建。本文以构建此手性中心所采用的不同合成策略为主线进行了分类,综述了普瑞巴林的合成研究进展。     

过渡金属催化的碳氢键官能团化反应合成平面手性二茂铁化合物

在不对称催化反应中,平面手性二茂铁化合物是一类非常高效的手性配体和催化剂.从原子和步骤经济性方面考虑,与传统方法相比不对称碳氢键直接官能团化反应是构建平面手性二茂铁最简洁有效的方法.综述了铜、钯、铑、铱、金和铂等过渡金属催化的不对称碳氢键官能团化反应合成平面手性二茂铁化合物的最新进展.此外,还介绍了利用这些方法合成多种平面手性二茂铁配体和催化剂及其不对称催化反应.     

一种新的不对称Schiff碱与稀土配合物合成机理及波谱

采用一种新途径 ,利用反应物前体 2 ,6 二氨基己酸 (赖氨酸 )两端具有不对称结构的—NH2 基 ,成功地合成了一端与水杨醛 ,另一端与邻香草醛缩合形成的新型不对称双Schiff碱 .为与通常不对称Schiff碱区别起见 ,称之为“异双Schiff碱” .提出了这类Schiff碱及配合物的合成方法 ,并以此分别合成了包括钇的 1 2种稀土不对称Schiff碱新配合物 .对它们作了元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱 ,特别是1H与13 CNMR等表征 ,并研究和讨论了这类不对称Schiff碱分步缩合反应及其形成机理与稀土离子配位方式 .为合成类似不对称Schiff碱与配合物提供了一种新方法 .     

镍催化不对称酰基化反应研究进展

手性羰基化合物是天然产物和药物中的重要结构单元,也是反应性最为丰富的重要合成中间体.过渡金属催化不对称酰基化反应是构建该重要结构单元的高效方法之一,近些年来,具有独特催化活性的丰产金属镍催化剂也被广泛应用于不对称羰基化合物的合成.综述了近些年来镍催化不对称酰基化反应领域的新研究进展,主要包括镍催化不对称烷基-酰基偶联反应、烯烃不对称氢酰基化反应以及烯烃不对称酰基官能团化反应等.     

非对称杂化的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体在不对称催化反应中的应用进展

非对称杂化的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体因其合成简便、易于调控、结构稳定等优点,被广泛应用于不对称催化反应中,如:不对称氢化、不对称氢甲酰化、不对称烯丙基烷基化、不对称氢膦酰化、不对称[3+2]-环加成、不对称1,4-加成和1,4-还原反应等.综述了手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体的种类、合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用.     

有机催化在不对称构建含氮杂环化合物中的应用

含氮杂环结构广泛存在于天然产物及药物分子中,具有广谱的生物和药理活性,受到有机化学家及药物化学家们的高度关注.开发其绿色、高效的合成方法,尤其是不对称合成方法一直是热门研究课题.近年来,基于脯氨酸等氨基酸手性模块设计合成的系列有机小分子催化剂不断被报道,为不对称构建含氮杂环化合物提供了高效快捷的途径.综述了我们研究小组在有机催化不对称构建含氮杂环化合物领域的研究成果,讨论了关键反应涉及的催化机理.     

钌催化β-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应的研究进展

钌催化β-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应是合成手性β-羟基酯的重要方法之一.综述了近十年来钌催化β-酮酸酯不对称氢化反应的研究进展,重点讨论了手性配体、底物结构、溶剂和添加剂等因素对均相不对称氢化反应的影响以及载体材料和助剂等因素对多相不对称氢化反应的影响.     

手性2-氨基-1-苯基乙醇类化合物的不对称合成研究进展

对近年来手性2-氨基-1-苯基乙醇类药物的不对称合成方法进行了总结和概述. 重点介绍了不对称氢化、CBS还原、不对称Henry反应等新方法在2-氨基-1-苯基乙醇类药物如R-沙丁胺醇、R-沙美特罗和D-索他洛尔等合成中的应用.     

亚胺的不对称催化氢化研究进展

手性胺化合物是重要的有机合成中间体,在农药、医药及精细化学品合成中有着广泛的应用,而通过亚胺的不对称催化氢化是获得手性胺化合物最直接、最高效的方法之一.近二十年来,亚胺的不对称催化氢化取得了重大进展.各种高活性、高立体选择性的手性配体和催化剂被设计并合成出来,各种新的不对称催化方法和策略被发展并得到成功应用,各种特殊及挑战性亚胺底物的氢化取得重要突破.然而亚胺的不对称催化氢化反应依然存在着诸如反应活性低、底物范围窄、反应条件苛刻、催化剂不易回收等问题.因此,发展更加高效、高选择性、环境友好的不对称氢化方法,是未来亚胺的不对称催化氢化发展的方向.从亚胺的类型入手,就环状和非环状的亚胺的不对称催化氢化反应的研究进展进行综述.     

α-亚胺酯不对称加成合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的研究进展

手性α-氨基酸衍生物在生命医药、精细化工等领域的广泛应用极大地促进了其合成方法的发展.目前在众多合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的方法中,α-亚胺酯的不对称亲核加成反应是合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的有效方法之一,成为不对称催化研究的热点.从反应类型和亲核试剂类型的角度出发,总结了α-亚胺酯不对称亲核加成反应合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的研究进展.具体介绍了α-亚胺酯的烯丙基化反应、芳基化反应、Mannich反应、烯基化反应、炔基化反应及烷基化反应等六种合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的主要方法以及相应反应机理及发展现状,并对合成手性α-氨基酸衍生物的发展方向进行了展望.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.