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This tutorial review deals with recent advances in the use of phosphine-functionalised polymers in organic synthesis. In the first part of the review, some recent applications of polymer-supported palladium catalysts are reviewed, particularly recyclable catalysts for C-C and C-X bond formation with aryl bromide and chloride substrates. In the second half, novel applications of phosphine-functionalised polymers as reagents, scavengers, organocatalysts and linkers in organic chemistry are presented. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of biologically active molecules. 相似文献
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应用手性高分子试剂和催化剂的不对称有机合成反应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
不对称有机合成是有机化学的前沿课题之一.本文综述了应用手性高分子试剂和催化剂对潜手性化合物通过不对称氧化、还原、烷基化、加成反应进行不对称合成的进展情况. 相似文献
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1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with alkenes and alkynes are well-studied reactions in solution-phase organic chemistry. However, the number of studies concerned with their application in solid-phase organic synthesis is rather low compared to other 1,3-dipoles, e.g. azides or nitrile oxides. This tutorial review aims to summarise the main approaches towards the application of nitrones in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions on solid supports in addition to subsequent transformations with polymer-bound isoxazolidines and reactions using polymer-bound catalysts. 相似文献
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Combinatorial chemistry has become a significant part of the discovery and optimization process for novel drugs, affinity ligands, and catalysts. The polymeric supports play a key role in combinatory chemistry. Therefore, various kinds of functional polymer resins have been exploited as supports, reagents, and catalysts in organic synthesis. In comparison to the conventional Merrifield resins, the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-related polymer resins have advantages including good compatibilities with polar solvents, good solvent absorbency and swelling properties. This review focuses primarily on the more recent work in the field of developing PEG-related polymer resins as supports for organic synthesis. 相似文献
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固载化试剂、催化剂及清洁树脂在液相合成中的应用, 极大地方便了液相合成的后处理, 提高了工作效率, 为液相平行组合合成提供了基础. 重点综述了近年来固载化试剂和催化剂在液相组合合成及多步液相合成中应用进展情况. 相似文献
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Porco JA 《Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening》2000,3(2):93-102
Increasing emphasis has recently been placed on the development of synthetic methods which effectively couple chemical synthesis and purification. For example, new formats for parallel synthesis are being developed which involve attachment of chemical tags to both reagents, reactants, and substrates to permit their chemoselective removal from reaction mixtures. The driving force for the development of tagged organic reagents is the ability to use standard solution-phase chemistry methods and reaction monitoring techniques (e.g. TLC and HPLC). In this mini-review, we will outline recent developments on the growing class of chemically tagged reagents, reactants, and substrates and highlight examples of their use in multistep synthesis. 相似文献
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From solid-supported ytterbium(III) catalysts to linkers cleaved by electron transfer from samarium(II) species, lanthanide reagents are beginning to find widespread application in solid phase organic synthesis. This tutorial review introduces the use of lanthanide(III) Lewis acids and lanthanide(IV) oxidants in solid phase chemistry before concentrating on the growing use of lanthanide(II) reagents in the area. 相似文献
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Kirschning A Monenschein H Wittenberg R 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2001,40(4):650-679
As part of the dramatic changes associated with the need for preparing compound libraries in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research laboratories, industry searches for new technologies that allow for the automation of synthetic processes. Since the pioneering work by Merrifield polymeric supports have been identified to play a key role in this field however, polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis which utilizes immobilized reagents and catalysts has only recently begun to flourish. Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis has various advantages over conventional solution-phase chemistry, such as the ease of separation of the supported species from a reaction mixture by filtration and washing, the opportunity to use an excess of the reagent to force the reaction to completion without causing workup problems, and the adaptability to continuous-flow processes. Various strategies for employing functionalized polymers stoichiometrically have been developed. Apart from reagents that are covalently or ionically attached to the polymeric backbone and which are released into solution in the presence of a suitable substrate, scavenger reagents play an increasingly important role in purifying reaction mixtures. Employing functionalized polymers in solution-phase synthesis has been shown to be extremely useful in automated parallel synthesis and multistep sequences. So far, compound libraries containing as many as 88 members have been generated by using several polymer-bound reagents one after another. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that complex natural products like the alkaloids (+/-)-oxomaritidine and (+/-)-epimaritidine can be prepared by a sequence of five and six consecutive polymer-assisted steps, respectively, and the potent analgesic compound (+/-)-epibatidine in twelve linear steps ten of which are based on functionalized polymers. These developments reveal the great future prospects of polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis. 相似文献
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Silver acetylides are among the oldest organometallics known; however, their applications in organic chemistry remained scarce until very recently. Indeed, several reactions involving silver salts as catalyst or silver acetylides have been reported in the past five years. The extreme mildness and very low basicity of these nucleophilic reagents nicely complement the behavior of other alkynyl metals, rendering them very useful in various transformations, especially in the synthesis of complex molecules. Silver acetylides are now seen as promising tools in organic chemistry. This critical review focuses on this emerging field, and, with emphasis on mechanistic aspects, cover the synthesis of silver acetylides, their applications in organic chemistry and reactions involving silver salts as catalysts where silver acetylides are probable intermediates. 相似文献
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In recent years, green chemistry using environmentally benign reagents and conditions has become one of the most fascinating developments in the synthesis of widely used organic compounds. This review describes the theory and importance of ultrasound as an efficient tool in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. 相似文献
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Chiu Ling Ong Salam Titinchi Joon Ching Juan Nader Ghaffari Khaligh 《Helvetica chimica acta》2021,104(8):e2100053
Organic unsymmetrical disulfides have been extensively applied in various academic and industrial fields including intermediates in organic synthesis, agriculture, and food science, natural materials, biochemistry, pharmaceutical and medicine chemistry, polymers, material engineering, etc. They play a crucial role in the fabrication of various biological active sulfur heterocycles. Due to broad and extensive applications, many methods have been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical S−S and efforts have been made to improve some issues such as cost, energy efficiency, green chemistry, avoid or minimizing waste generation. Several outstanding review articles have been previously published highlighting the advances of S−S bond formation, in general, using various reagents under different conditions in the absence or presence of oxidants/catalysts. In 2020, a review paper was published by our group focusing on recent developments since 2014 in the synthesis of organic symmetrical disulfides. However, investigations on new catalytic methods are being regularly reported and new types of unsymmetrical disulfides are synthesized. The present overview has attempted to systematically summarize recent advances in the process of unsymmetrical S−S bond formation with a major focus since 2010, highlighting mechanistic considerations, substrate scope, advantages, and limitations. The patents are not studied in this overview. 相似文献
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Aimee K. Clarke Hon E. Ho James A. Rossi‐Ashton Richard J. K. Taylor William P. Unsworth 《化学:亚洲杂志》2019,14(11):1900-1911
Indoles are amongst the most important classes of heteroaromatics in organic chemistry, commonly found in biologically active natural products and therapeutically useful compounds. The synthesis of indoles is therefore important and several methods for their synthesis that make use of silver(I) catalysts and reagents have been developed in recent years. This Minireview contains, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive coverage of silver‐mediated indole forming reactions since the first reaction of this type was reported in 2004. 相似文献
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Dr. Alejandro Parra Dr. Silvia Reboredo 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(51):17244-17260
Chiral hypervalent iodine chemistry has been steadily increasing in importance in recent years. This review catalogues enantioselective transformations triggered by chiral hypervalent iodine(III/V) reagents, in stoichiometric or catalytic quantities, highlighting the different reactivities in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. Moreover, the synthesis of the most remarkable and successful catalysts has been illustrated in detail. 相似文献
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Sun CM 《Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening》1999,2(6):299-318
In combination with high throughput screening, combinatorial organic synthesis of large numbers of pharmaceutically interesting compounds may revolutionize the drug discovery process. Although combinatorial organic synthesis on solid supports is a useful approach, several groups are focusing their research efforts on liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis by the use of soluble polymer supports to generate libraries. This macromolecular carrier, in contrast to an insoluble matrix, is soluble in most organic solvents and has a strong tendency for precipitation in particular solvents. Liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis is a unique approach since homogeneous reaction conditions can be applied, but product purification similar to the solid-phase method can be carried out by simple filtration and washing. This method combines the positive aspects of classical solution-phase chemistry and solid-phase synthesis. This review examines the recent applications (1995-1999) of soluble polymer supports in the synthesis of combinatorial libraries. 相似文献
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