液体弹珠及其研究进展

润湿性是固体表面的重要性质之一,主要由表面的化学组成和微观几何结构共同决定。不粘连表面是指具有特殊的表面形貌及性能,使得诸如尘土、水、冰以及污染物较难黏附的特殊表面。液体弹珠是被高疏水性颗粒包裹形成的不润湿的液滴,可以稳定地静置于固体及液体表面。本文介绍了液体弹珠的结构和制备方法,综述了液体弹珠的静态力学性能及其在磁场电场下的响应性能,探讨了这种新型不粘连体系用于移动和控制微量液滴的独特优势,展望了其发展趋势以及应用前景。     

不同粒子构建的液体弹珠的研究进展

液体弹珠是粒子包裹液体形成的不粘湿液滴。由于液体弹珠表面粒子阻止了内部液滴与外部基底的直接接触,使其能在固体和液体表面稳定存在,显示出独特的性能,在微反应器、传感器、生物医药和微流控等领域有着潜在的应用价值。液体弹珠的壳层粒子来源丰富,且不同粒子构筑的液体弹珠具有不同的性能和应用领域。本文综述了二氧化硅(SiO₂)、四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)、石松、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和纤维素等壳层粒子衍生出的液体弹珠,并展望了液体弹珠的发展趋势和应用前景。     

核-壳结构磁性纳米颗粒负载离子液体的合成方法及应用*

离子液体具有良好的溶解能力、稳定性、结构可调性、无明显的蒸汽压等优点,使其可以作为良好的有机反应介质和催化剂,但由于其价格昂贵且不易从反应体系中分离,应用受到限制。以超顺磁性纳米颗粒作为催化剂载体,利用其所提供的磁学特性,可通过外磁场对催化剂进行简单有效的分离。不过,超顺磁性纳米颗粒具有的高比表面能以及粒子间的偶极距作用,使其容易团聚,不能稳定分散于反应体系。若在磁性纳米颗粒表面包裹一层有机物或无机物形成核-壳结构复合材料,就既可以阻止其团聚又可以对其进行表面功能化。因此,将离子液体固载到核-壳结构磁性纳米颗粒表面,制备可回收并循环使用的多相催化剂的工作受到广泛关注。本文综述了近十年来核-壳结构磁性纳米颗粒负载离子液体催化剂的制备方法及其在有机合成方面的应用,并对其未来的应用前景进行了展望。     

ZnxFe3-xO4复合磁性流体的磁特性

制备了配以不同表面活性剂和基液的几种接Zn的Fe3O4复合磁性液体．通过对其中磁性微粒颗粒度、分布均匀性的分析和复合磁性液体比饱和磁化强度、矫顽力等磁特性的测试,阐述了掺Zn量及表面活性剂等因素对世性液体磁特性的影响,并对其磁性机理进行了探讨．     

气体膨胀液体技术制备纳米微粒研究进展

近年来,利用气体膨胀液体的相行为已经开发了许多气体膨胀液体微粒制备方法,并已在制备无机、有机材料、有机金属固体、医药、电子等方面的微细颗粒方面得到广泛应用。本文介绍了气体膨胀液体制备纳米颗粒的研究和应用进展。     

离子液体中的纤维素溶解、再生及材料制备研究进展

近年来,离子液体作为一类新型的环境友好介质和软功能材料受到了广泛的关注,并被广泛应用于有机合成、催化、电化学、分离分析等领域.其中,离子液体中的纤维素化学是当前离子液体研究的热点领域之一,离子液体的出现也为纤维素化学的进一步发展提供了广阔的空间.离子液体以其低熔点、高稳定性、低蒸汽压、溶解性能可调节等优异的理化性能已被证实为纤维素的有效溶剂,被广泛用于纤维素的溶解、再生及应用研究.综述了离子液体中纤维素的溶解行为,包括纤维素溶解度的影响因素、纤维素在离子液体中的溶解过程、纤维素的溶解及再生机理等,以及离子液体中基于纤维素的新型材料制备研究进展,并对离子液体中纤维素研究存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

基于液体弹珠原位制备载水胶囊及其性能

首先以疏水性二氧化硅微粒为稳定剂,通过包覆水滴制备了液体弹珠;然后在其表面滴涂α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯,通过湿气固化制得聚合物涂层封装的液体弹珠;最后在弹珠表面进一步涂覆环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯涂层,通过紫外光固化制得载水胶囊。采用数码照片、超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对液体弹珠及载水胶囊的形貌进行了表征;采用实时傅里叶红外光谱研究了光固化涂层的双键转化率,探讨了涂层的硬度、耐水性等基本性质;并研究了载水胶囊的力学强度及保水性能。结果表明:相较于原始液体弹珠,所制备的载水胶囊表面光滑且致密;由聚α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯涂层和环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯光固化涂层组成的壁材赋予了载水胶囊良好的水汽阻隔性能和力学性能。     

聚季铵盐离子液体材料制备及其对蛋白质吸附性能评价

通过一步合成法制备了两种可聚合季铵盐离子液体功能单体,并通过沉淀聚合法合成了相应的聚离子液体聚合物。对产物进行了核磁共振、扫描电镜、热重分析等表征。结果表明:所制备的两种材料粒径均匀,约为600 nm的椭球形颗粒,颗粒之间有相互粘连。通过对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)、牛血红蛋白(BHb)、溶菌酶(Lys)、胰蛋白酶(Try)5种蛋白质的吸附性能实验,考察了聚季铵盐离子液体材料对蛋白质的吸附性能。考察结果表明:两种聚离子液体材料均对蛋白质具有一定的吸附性能。其中以4-乙烯基苄氯季铵盐离子液体为功能单体制备的聚离子液体材料对胰蛋白酶的吸附性能最好,是一种具有良好应用前景的材料。     

聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-(9-芴)二苯酚)微球的制备及其稳定液体弹珠的性能研究

以六氯环三磷腈和4,4'-(9-芴)二苯酚为共聚单体,三乙胺为缚酸剂,乙腈为溶剂,通过一步沉淀聚合制备了疏水性的交联聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-(9-芴)二苯酚)(PZHF)微球,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微球的化学结构和形貌进行了表征;进一步以该微球为稳定剂,通过包覆水滴成功制备了液体弹珠,研究了液体弹珠的静态稳定性以及共聚物微球在液体弹珠表面的分布情况,并考察了液体弹珠的气体透过性.结果表明,PZHF微球具有高度交联的有机-无机杂化结构,平均粒径为1.3μm,且微球表面较为粗糙,具有疏水性;用其包覆水滴可得到稳定的液体弹珠,微球在气-液界面上的排列较为疏松,使液体弹珠具有独特的气体透过性,外界气体可通过液体弹珠表面进入内部水相而不破坏弹珠自身的结构.     

多孔离子液体的构筑及应用

多孔液体(Porous Liquids, PLs)是一类结合了多孔固体永久性孔隙与液态流动性优势的新材料. 自2007年, PLs的概念被首次提出以来, 其在合成策略与应用领域方面均取得了较大的突破. 然而, 传统的PLs因高黏度、高密度、高熔点与高原材料成本等缺陷极大程度制约了其在流动工业系统中的大规模应用. 因此, 迫切需要寻求理想的位阻溶剂用于制备先进的多孔液体. 离子液体(Ionic Liquids, ILs)因独特的可调节物理特性、非挥发性、高稳定性、易获得、经济性高、低再生能耗等特性, 使其成为构筑PLs中最具有应用前景的理想溶剂之一. 在过去的5年间, 基于多种ILs与先进多孔固体(如有机笼、金属有机框架、中空碳、沸石、多孔聚合物等)制备的多孔离子液体(Porous Ionic Liquids, PILs)被陆续报道. PILs独特的永久性孔隙、无溶剂挥发、再生能力强、黏度可调、低熔点、高稳定性等特性加快了其在气体吸附、分离、催化、萃取、分子分离等领域的快速发展. 本综述围绕PILs的构筑策略、特性、应用领域等阐述了其研究进展. 最后, 对PILs在制备中存在的挑战与未来的研究方向进行了归纳与展望.     

离子液体选择性萃取生物产品

Imidazolium based room temperature ionic liquids have been used to extract selectively L-tryptophan from fermentation broth. BF4 anion was found to enhance dramatically the partitioning of L-tryptophan into ionic liquid phase from aqueous solutions.     

Speciation and Determination of Trace Amount of Inorganic Arsenic in Water,Environmental and Biological Samples

A new speciation and preconcentration method based on dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction has been developed for trace amounts of As(III) and As(V) in urine and water samples. At pH 4, As(III) is complexed with ammoniumpyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and extracted into 1‐Hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, as an ionic liquid (IL) and As(III) is determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometery (ETAAS). Arsenic(V) in the mixing solution containing As(III) and As(V) was reduced by using KI and ascorbic acid in HCl solution and then the procedure was applied to determination of total arsenic. Arsenic(V) was calculated as the difference between the total arsenic content and As(III) content. The effect of various parameters on the recovery of the arsenic ions has been studied. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor 135 was obtained. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of As(III) and As(V) in water and biological samples.     

The Phosporylation of Aniline Derivatives in Biphase Systems

Aniline derivatives were phosphorylated in biphase systems using three methods. A comparative study was performed. The best results were obtained when a solid–liquid system was used. This method is the easiest and lead to higher yields (54–81%).     

液体聚异戊二烯的合成与应用研究进展

固态橡胶具有较高的分子量、强度及伸长率,在工业和日常生活中均得到广泛应用.然而,固态橡胶黏度较高,在应用中往往必须引入添加剂.而液体聚异戊二烯是一种液态橡胶,可以作为固态橡胶的软化剂;得益于其特殊的形态和性能,液体聚异戊二烯可望在多方面得到应用.对液体聚异戊二烯的合成与应用进行了评述.     

Determination of Alkylphenols in Water by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solid Formation without a Disperser

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solid formation without a disperser combined with high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol. This method is rapid, easy, and uses only 10 µL of a low toxicity organic solvent (1-hexadecanethiol) for the extraction solvent and no disperser solvent. The extraction time and centrifugation time require less than 10 min. The linear range was 1–500 ng mL^?1 for 4-tert-butylphenol, 2–1000 ng mL^?1 for 4-tert-octylphenol, and 5–500 ng mL^?1 for 4-n-nonylphenol with r² ≥ 0.9986. The detection limits were between 0.2 and 1.5 ng mL^?1. The recoveries of lake and river water samples were in the range of 79% to 108%, and the relative standard deviations were 5% to 10%.     

Applications of multidirectional reflective light-control films on reflective polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays for enhancement in image quality at lower viewing angles

In this paper, multidirectional light-control reflective (LCR) films are developed in order to create an active reflective structure that will enhance the image brightness and contrast ratio of reflective dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (D-PDLC) displays at lower viewing angles. Advantages of LCR films are that their production is low cost and they require a simple photolithographic fabrication method. The optimum design prism-type light-control reflective film succeeded in minimising the surface scattering effect; thus, the contrast ratio is much enhanced. The symmetric and asymmetric LCR films produced multidirectional scattering that enhances the reflectance at lower viewing angles, which has importance in future display applications. In particular, the prism LCR film has been found to be more influential on the reflectance of D-PDLC films due to multidirectional scattering of light by non-symmetric arrays. The improvement in contrast ratio has been confirmed by the enhancement of optical properties for reflective D-PDLC displays at lower viewing angles below 30°.     

Determination of zearalenone in maize products by vortex‐assisted ionic‐liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography

A novel method has been developed for the analysis of zearalenone in maize products by vortex‐assisted ionic‐liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC and fluorescence detection. Maize samples were extracted with methanol/water (80:20, v/v) and the extraction solution was then used as the dispersive solvent in the microextraction procedure. The analyte was rapidly transmitted to a small volume of ionic liquid and was determined by HPLC. Various parameters affecting the recovery of the mycotoxin were investigated, such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, the type and volume of the dispersive solvent, the pH of the aqueous phase, the salt addition, and the time of vortex and centrifugation. Under the optimal experimental conditions, a good linearity of the analyte was obtained in the range of 1.0–1000.0 μg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.3 and 1.0 μg/kg, and the mean recoveries ranged from 83.5 to 94.9%, with a relative standard deviation less than 5.0%. The proposed method was demonstrated to be simple, cheap, quick, and highly selective and was successfully applied to the determination of zearalenone in maize products.     

Ionic liquid‐based microwave‐assisted surfactant‐improved dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and derivatization of aminoglycosides in milk samples

A green and simple method, ionic liquid‐based microwave‐assisted surfactant‐improved dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and derivatization was developed for the determination of aminoglycosides in milk samples. Nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 and ionic liquid 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were used as the disperser and extraction solvent, respectively. Extraction, preconcentration, and derivatization of aminoglycosides were carried out in a single step. Several experimental parameters, including type and volume of extraction solvent, type and concentration of surfactant, microwave power and irradiation time, concentration of derivatization reagent, and pH value and volume of buffer were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linearities for determining the analytes were in the range 0.4–10.0 ng/mL for tobramycin, 1.0–25.0 ng/mL for neomycin, and 2.0–50.0 ng/mL for gentamicin, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9991 to 0.9998. The LODs for the analytes were between 0.11 and 0.50 ng/mL. The present method was applied to the analysis of different milk samples, and the recoveries of aminoglycosides obtained were in the range 96.4–105.4% with the RSDs lower than 5.5%. The results showed that the present method was a rapid, convenient, and environmentally friendly method for the determination of aminoglycosides in milk samples.     

水样中氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉的离子液体均匀提取

提出一种新的离子液体均匀提取方法,即向水样中加入可溶于水的离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C6MimBF4]),再加入过量六氟磷酸铵(NH4PF6),形成不溶于水的离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C6MimPF6]),水样中的氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉被提取到[C6MimPF6]相,离心分离后,离子液体可直接用于HPLC分析.本法测得的氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉的检出限分别为1.8和1.1μg/L.     

Integrated and topological liquid crystal photonics

This contribution is a personal view of the rapidly developing subfield of nematic colloids, with an emphasis on possible applications of these materials in future photonic microdevices. A brief overview of the most important phenomena, observed in the past decade in nematic colloids is given. It is explained why integrated photonics based on microstructured liquid crystals is feasible and future challenges towards the realisation of integrated liquid crystal microphotonics are discussed.