用于分子识别的分子印迹聚合物固定相

着重介绍了分子印迹聚合物（MIP）作为一种分离介质在手性化合物拆分方面的应用,系统总结了分子印迹的原理和MIP的4种合成方法,初步探讨了MIP的分子识别机理,并阐述了它的应用以及优点和缺点。     

设计分子基铁磁体的理论模型

组装分子基铁磁体是自然界向化学家提出的挑战性课题、为了预测和解释分子基化合物磁性，本文介绍三种分子间相互作用的理论模型，以便实验化学家定向设计和合成分子基铁磁体。     

天然化合物的分子工程研究新进展

分子天然化合物的研究主要指的是在分子水平上得到天然化合物的新方法,即天然产物的遗传工程合成和仿生合成。本文总结和评述了这方面近年来研究所取得的进展。     

光电功能配位化合物的分子设计和合成

本文分别从分子导电、光电转化、铁电、磁性和多功能等方面,简要介绍了我们科研群体近十年来在光电功能配位化合物的分子设计与合成研究方面取得的进展。     

模板结构与分子印迹效果间关系的研究

以一些分子量和体积都较小的简单化合物作为模板分子,合成分子印迹聚合物 。通过总结43种化合物的分子印迹聚合物的色谱数据,来研究模板分子的分子量、 作用位点数目、分子刚性等因素与印迹效果的关系。根据免疫学中免疫原性的定义 ,我们提出“印迹原性”的概念,即,化合物能够产生印迹效应的性质称为印迹原 性;具有印迹原必的化合物称为印迹原;并讨论了具有较强选择性的印迹原的化学 基础。所得到的结论将有助于对分子印迹聚合物的识别机理的进一步理解,并且对 于根据模板分子性质预测MIP分子识别能力将具有一定的指导意义。     

基于环糊精的分子印迹技术

基于环糊精的分子印迹技术综合了超分子化学、高分子化学、分析化学等多学科优势,对人为可控的大型超分子主体化合物的合成有着指导意义,对具有多位点识别人工酶的实现也有巨大的推动作用。本文综述了近年来基于环糊精的分子印迹技术的研究进展：首先介绍了不同种类的基于环糊精的分子印迹产物的合成,包括合成思路、步骤、方法以及识别机理探讨;然后着重叙述了该体系的应用研究进展,包括其在分子识别、色谱分离、电化学传感器以及生物学控制等领域的应用;最后指出目前研究工作存在的不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

分子阵列研究

小分子化合物可以调节生物学过程,是研究活性生物大分子特别是蛋白质以及药物的重要工具,而高通量筛选是发现活性分子的重要方法.分子阵列是近年来新出现的一种高通量筛选技术,上面含有成千上万种组合合成的化合物以及天然产物,可以用于发现新的先导化合物,以及筛选已有的先导化合物.现在分子阵列已经成功应用于蛋白分析和先导化合物的发现等许多领域.本文综述了近年来分子阵列的构建过程、原位合成和非原位合成等各种固定化策略以及荧光免疫检测、表面等离子体共振成像技术等检测手段,并介绍了化学分子印刷阵列方法,最后总结了分子阵列的应用,并对分子阵列在我国中药发展等方面将起到的潜在作用作了展望.     

分子阵列研究进展

小分子化合物可以调节生物学过程,是研究活性生物大分子（特别是蛋白质）以及药物的重要工具,而高通量筛选是发现活性分子的重要方法。分子阵列是近年来新出现的一种高通量筛选技术,上面含有成千上万种组合合成的化合物以及天然产物,可以用于发现新的先导化合物,以及筛选已有的先导化合物。现在分子阵列已经成功应用于蛋白分析、先导化合物的发现等许多领域。本文综述了近年来分子阵列的构建过程,原位合成、非原位合成等各种固定化策略以及荧光免疫检测,表面等离子体共振成像技术等检测手段,并介绍了化学分子印刷阵列方法,最后总结了分子阵列的应用,并对分子阵列在我国中药发展等有方面将起到的潜在作用作了展望。     

基于分子间卤键的超分子平面大环自组装

本工作报道了含卤键供体和受体片段的三种芳酰胺分子(化合物1~3)的设计和合成, 并对固相中卤键的不同作用模式进行了探索和分析. 化合物1的晶体数据显示, 由于没有分子内氢键, 组成分子的三个芳环相互扭转一定角度, 并且在分子间交替排列的N···I和O···I卤键的控制下, 组装成了一条线型的超分子组装体. 由于酰胺羰基和两个紧邻的氟原子之间的排斥作用, 化合物2未能形成分子内三中心氢键. 在此基础上, 将三氟碘代苯作为卤键供体片段引入到化合物3中, 并且在折叠体骨架中嵌入了嘧啶单元. 化合物3的晶体数据显示, 基于多组有效的分子内三中心氢键和分子间较强的卤键作用, 双分子间形成了[1+1]的超分子大环. 另外, 由于嘧啶环的引入, 使得该超分子大环接近共平面.     

基于药物分子组装的含有Keggin型金属氧簇的超分子化合物的晶体结构和电化学性质研究

通过水热方法合成了超分子化合物(Hfcz)3(PMo12U40)·3H2O.单晶x射线衍射分析表明化合物结晶于三方晶系,P-3c空间群.化合物中的两种亚单元通过氢键作用形成了3D超分子结构.化合物堆积形成了孔道结构.此外,循环伏安法研究结果表明了化合物展示三个连续的双电子还原过程.     

Design and Synthesis of Cyclodextrin-Based Rotaxanes and Polyrotaxanes

Rotaxanes are compounds in which a ring is threaded by a chain having bulky terminal cap groups. In this article, we review the design, synthesis and characterization of rotaxanes and polyrotaxanes of cyclodextrins threaded by an alkyl chain or a poly(ethylene glycol) as well as the synthesis of a light-driven molecular shuttle based on a cyclodextrin-rotaxane.     

环糊精分子管道的制备与应用

环糊精分子管道是一种基于环糊精制备的中空管状聚合物,因其特殊的空腔结构及与客体分子间的选择性组装现象而引起广泛关注。本文综述和比较了环糊精分子管道的主要制备方法,着重阐述了环糊精分子管道与客体分子间的选择性组装现象、机理及影响因素方面的研究成果。对环糊精分子管道的应用现状和潜在的应用价值进行了概括,最后提出了应予以重视...     

A macrocycle/molecular-clip complex that functions as a quadruply controllable molecular switch

Herein, we report the synthesis of a molecular clip with TTF side-walls and its binding behavior towards electron-deficient guests, namely the formation of macrocycle/molecular-clip supramolecular complexes in solution. Four different sets of external stimuli--the K(+)/[2.2.2]cryptand, NH(4) (+)/Et(3)N and (p-BrPh)(3)NSbCl(6)/Zn pairs, and heating/cooling cycles-control the movement of this molecular switch between its threaded and unthreaded states and provide color changes that are observable by the naked eye. This macrocycle/molecular-clip complex system can be considered not only as a quadruple-use molecular switch, but can also be operated by three of these stimuli as a three-input molecular NOR-functioning logic gate that may be monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy.     

Molecular Recognition: Preparation of Polyrotaxan and Tubular Polymer from Cyclodextrin

We found that many α-CDs are threaded on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain to form a crystalline complex in high yields, although β-CD did not form complexes with PEG. It was made clear that the relationship between the chain cross-sectional areas of the polymers and the diameters of the cavities of cyclodextrins is very important in the complex formation of polymers and cyclodextrins. Polyrotaxanes were prepared by the reaction of PEG–bisamine (PEGBA), which is PEG with amino groups in both ends, with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. In addition, the molecular tubes, a new family of novel nanostructures, were prepared and characterized. These findings indicate that such template synthesis provides a new approach to construct new nanostrutures, which may have implications for molecular technologies and materials science. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can multivalency be expressed kinetically? The answer is yes

Inspired by the concept of multivalency and in pursuit of ever more intricate artificial molecular machines, we investigated the strict self-assembly of a triply threaded two-component superbundle, starting from a tritopic receptor in which three benzo[24]crown-8 macrorings are fused onto a triphenylene core and a trifurcated trication wherein three bipyridinium units are linked 1,3,5 to a central benzenoid core. The result of the investigation was quite unexpected and surprising. It transpired that the rapid formation of a doubly threaded two-component complex was followed by an extremely slow conversion (a week at 253 K in CD3COCD3 to reach equilibrium) of this kinetically controlled product into a thermodynamically controlled one, namely a triply threaded two-component superbundle. This intriguing observation begs the question: are there instances in nature where multivalency is expressed as a kinetically controlled process, prior to an equilibrium state being reached, and if so, what are the biological implications, if any?     

Weinreb Amide,Ketone and Amine as Potential and Competitive Secondary Molecular Stations for Dibenzo-[24]Crown-8 in [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles

This paper reports the synthesis and study of new pH-sensitive DB24C8-based [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles that contain within their axle four potential sites of interaction for the DB24C8: ammonium, amine, Weinreb amide, and ketone. In the protonated state, the DB24C8 lay around the best ammonium site. After either deprotonation or deprotonation-then-carbamoylation of the ammonium, different localizations of the DB24C8 were seen, depending on both the number and nature of the secondary stations and steric restriction. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that the Weinreb amide was not a proper secondary molecular station for the DB24C8. Nevertheless, through its methoxy side chain, it slowed down the shuttling of the macrocycle along the threaded axle, thereby partitioning the [2]rotaxane into two translational isomers on the NMR timescale. The ketone was successfully used as a secondary molecular station, and its weak affinity for the DB24C8 was similar to that of a secondary amine.     

A mechanically interlocked bundle

The prototype of an artificial molecular machine consisting of a trisammonium tricationic component interlocked with a tris(crown ether) component to form a molecular bundle with averaged C(3v) symmetry has been designed and synthesized. The system is based on noncovalent interactions, which include 1) N(+)-H...O hydrogen bonds; 2) C-H...O interactions between the CH(2)NH(2) (+)CH(2) protons on three dibenzylammonium-ion-containing arms, which are attached symmetrically to a benzenoid core, and three dibenzo[24]crown-8 macrorings fused onto a triphenylene core; and 3) pi...pi stacking interactions between the aromatic cores. The template-directed synthesis of the mechanically interlocked, triply threaded bundle involves post-assembly covalent modification, that is, the efficient conversion of three azide functions at the ends of the arms of the bound and threaded trication into bulky triazole stoppers, after 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with di-tert-butylacetylenedicarboxylate to the extremely strong 1:1 adduct that is formed in dichloromethane/acetonitrile (3:2), on account of a cluster effect associated with the paucivalent adduct. Evidence for the averaged C(3v) symmetry of the molecular bundle comes from absorption and luminescence data, as well as from electrochemical experiments, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the mechanically interlocked bundle are very similar to those of the superbundle that precedes the formation of the bundle in the process of supramolecular assistance to covalent synthesis. Although weak non-nucleophilic bases (e.g., nBu(3)N and iPr(2)NEt) fail to deprotonate the bundle, the strong tBuOK does, as indicated by both luminescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. While deprotonation undoubtedly loosens up the interlocked structure of the molecular bundle by replacing relatively strong N(+)-H...O hydrogen bonds by much weaker N-H...O ones, the pi...pi stacking interactions ensure that any structural changes are inconsequential, particularly when the temperature of the solution of the neutral molecular bundle in dichloromethane is cooled down to considerably below room temperature.     

An Autonomously Reciprocating Transmembrane Nanoactuator

Biological molecular machines operate far from equilibrium by coupling chemical potential to repeated cycles of dissipative nanomechanical motion. This principle has been exploited in supramolecular systems that exhibit true machine behavior in solution and on surfaces. However, designed membrane‐spanning assemblies developed to date have been limited to simple switches or stochastic shuttles, and true machine behavior has remained elusive. Herein, we present a transmembrane nanoactuator that turns over chemical fuel to drive autonomous reciprocating (back‐and‐forth) nanomechanical motion. Ratcheted reciprocating motion of a DNA/PEG copolymer threaded through a single α‐hemolysin pore was induced by a combination of DNA strand displacement processes and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. Ion‐current recordings revealed saw‐tooth patterns, indicating that the assemblies operated in autonomous, asymmetric cycles of conformational change at rates of up to one cycle per minute.     

A coarse‐grained MARTINI‐like force field for DNA unzipping in nanopores

In nanopore force spectroscopy (NFS) a charged polymer is threaded through a channel of molecular dimensions. When an electric field is applied across the insulating membrane, the ionic current through the nanopore reports on polymer translocation, unzipping, dissociation, and so forth. We present a new model that can be applied in molecular dynamics simulations of NFS. Although simplified, it does reproduce experimental trends and all‐atom simulations. The scaled conductivities in bulk solution are consistent with experimental results for NaCl for a wide range of electrolyte concentrations and temperatures. The dependence of the ionic current through a nanopore on the applied voltage is symmetric and, in the voltage range used in experiments (up to 2 V), linear and in good agreement with experimental data. The thermal stability and geometry of DNA is well represented. The model was applied to simulations of DNA hairpin unzipping in nanopores. The results are in good agreement with all‐atom simulations: the scaled translocation times and unzipping sequence are similar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Designed self-assembly of molecular necklaces using host-stabilized charge-transfer interactions

A novel approach to the noncovalent synthesis of molecular necklaces successfully led to the first quantitative self-assembly of a molecular necklace [6]MN, in which five small rings are threaded on a large ring, from 10 components. Our strategy involves the host-guest complex formation between the molecular host cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and a guest molecule in which an electron donor and an electron acceptor unit are connected by a rigid linker with a proper angle, to form a cyclic oligomer through the host-stabilized intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) complex formation. In the structure of the molecular necklace [6]MN, five molecules of the guest form a cyclic framework by the intermolecular CT interactions, on which five CB[8] molecules are threaded with an arrangement reminiscent of a five-fold propeller. The molecular necklace measures approximately 3.7 nm in diameter and approximately 1.8 nm in thickness.