Spectral peak resolution and speech recognition in quiet: normal hearing, hearing impaired, and cochlear implant listeners

Spectral peak resolution was investigated in normal hearing (NH), hearing impaired (HI), and cochlear implant (CI) listeners. The task involved discriminating between two rippled noise stimuli in which the frequency positions of the log-spaced peaks and valleys were interchanged. The ripple spacing was varied adaptively from 0.13 to 11.31 ripples/octave, and the minimum ripple spacing at which a reversal in peak and trough positions could be detected was determined as the spectral peak resolution threshold for each listener. Spectral peak resolution was best, on average, in NH listeners, poorest in CI listeners, and intermediate for HI listeners. There was a significant relationship between spectral peak resolution and both vowel and consonant recognition in quiet across the three listener groups. The results indicate that the degree of spectral peak resolution required for accurate vowel and consonant recognition in quiet backgrounds is around 4 ripples/octave, and that spectral peak resolution poorer than around 1-2 ripples/octave may result in highly degraded speech recognition. These results suggest that efforts to improve spectral peak resolution for HI and CI users may lead to improved speech recognition.     

紫外吸收温差光谱特性与化合物的电子跃迁类型

用紫外吸收变温光谱差减法获得化合物的紫外吸收温差光谱（UVSDT）。测量了系列化合物的温差光谱。结果表明,UVSDT具有很强的特征性：n→σ^*电子跃迁的UVSDT单边红移,温差增大峰强度增加、红移增大;n-π^*电子跃迁的UVSDT为正、负两峰、温差增大,正负两峰各自向正、负方向增强;π-π^*电子跃迁的UVSDT为负峰,温差增大,峰强负向增大,峰位不移动。     

On the nature of exponential decrease of boson peak intensity tail, at increasing frequency higher than the peak position

In the present Letter, an exponential decrease of a boson peak intensity tail, at increasing frequency higher than the peak position, is predicted in the soft-mode model of low-energy glass dynamics for a series of glasses which exhibit a high-frequency sound above the peak. A similar theoretical interpretation is suggested for recent experimental data which show for some glasses a resembling behavior of the peak intensity tail.     

CoFe2O4纳米粒子的共振散射光谱研究

液相纳米粒子CoFe2O4在400，470，510，800和940nm产生五个共振散射峰。它是一种非线性光散射介质。当激发波长为330nm时，CoFe2O4纳米粒子分别在于330，660和990nm产生一个共振散射峰、一个1/2频散射峰和一个1/3分频散射峰；当激发波长为800nm时，在800nm产生一个共振散射峰，而在400nm产生一个较该共振散射峰更强的2倍频散射峰。分频散射和倍频散射与共振散射有相似的散射行为。根据建立的灰白粒子体系共振散射光谱原理定性解析了CoFe2O4纳米粒子体系的共振散射光谱。     

Ag掺杂熔融织构YBCO峰效应研究

本文对Ag掺杂熔融织构YBCO材料的峰效应进行了研究.磁测量结果表明,Ag掺杂不会影响峰效应的产生,但能显著改变峰效应对温度和磁场的依赖关系;峰效应出现的磁场随Ag掺杂量的增加而增高,且适量的Ag掺杂使得高温下仍能出现峰效应.该研究表明,Ag掺杂可以作为显著提高熔融织构YBCO材料磁场下临界电流密度的有效手段,从而可使其在高场下的性能得以显著改善.     

Kinetics of isolated peak 5 in TLD-100 following 165°C post-irradiation annealing

Peak 5 in the glow curve of TLD-100 (at a temperature of approximately 200°C) was studied as a function of post-irradiation annealing at 165°C. Computerized glow peak analysis shows that the order of kinetics of peak 5 increases from 1.2 ± 0.05 (1 SD) following 165°C annealing for five minutes to 1.72 ± 0.07 (1 SD) following annealing at 165°C for thirty minutes. Extrapolation of the results to zero annealing time yields a value of kinetic order consistent with unity. The glow curve analysis also indicates that peak 4 (the satellite peak at approximately 175°C) is undetectable even at the lowest annealing duration of 5 minutes. The high temperature satellite of peak 5 (peak 6 at approximately 225°C) grows with increasing annealing time to 10% of the intensity of peak 5 after annealing for 30 min. Glow curve analysis including peak 6, however, does not significantly change the conclusions regarding the increase in the order of kinetics of peak 5 as a function of annealing time or the consistency of the extrapolated results with kinetic order unity at zero annealing time. Analysis of isothermal decay curves at 165°C shows that the relative intensity of peak 4 to peak 5 decreases with increasing annealing time, from 8% after 5 min annealing to 0.5% after 30 min annealing.     

一种基于连续小波变换的LIBS光谱自动寻峰方法

谱线寻峰在激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy)中是必不可少的步骤,然而噪声和背景的存在,干扰了寻峰的准确性。为了提高LIBS寻峰中重叠峰分辨能力和自适应能力,提出一种适用于LIBS谱图的自动寻峰方法。将基于连续小波变换的脊线寻峰法引入到LIBS中,探讨了连续小波变换中的小波母函数的选择并优化了尺度参数和平移参数,提出一套脊线校正方法对脊线寻峰法进行了改进。实验结果表明,该方法与直接比较法、导数法和脊线寻峰法相比,在重叠峰分辨能力和寻峰精度等方面优势显著,可应用于LIBS数据处理。     

Automated Peak Picking and Peak Integration in Macromolecular NMR Spectra Using AUTOPSY

A new approach for automated peak picking of multidimensional protein NMR spectra with strong overlap is introduced, which makes use of the program AUTOPSY (automatedpeak picking for NMRspectroscopy). The main elements of this program are a novel function for local noise level calculation, the use of symmetry considerations, and the use of lineshapes extracted from well-separated peaks for resolving groups of strongly overlapping peaks. The algorithm generates peak lists with precise chemical shift and integral intensities, and a reliability measure for the recognition of each peak. The results of automated peak picking of NOESY spectra with AUTOPSY were tested in combination with the combined automated NOESY cross peak assignment and structure calculation routine NOAH implemented in the program DYANA. The quality of the resulting structures was found to be comparable with those from corresponding data obtained with manual peak picking.     

The Resonance Peak Theory of Reflection Guidedmode Resonance Filters

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Non-linearity of the high temperature peak area ratio of 6LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600)

Thermoluminescent dosemeters of ⁶LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600) were exposed to high-energy heavy ion beams (He, C, Ne, and Ar) and ¹³⁷Cs γ-rays and the glow curves were analyzed. The height of the main peak (peak 5) at about 200°C slightly increased for He from γ-rays and decreased for heavier ions with increasing Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Whereas the high temperature peak (peak 7) area around 260°C simply increased. Non-linearity was seen between the LET and the high temperature peak (peak 7) area ratio (HTR) which was calculated as the TL integrated over 225–275°C from the peak 5 normalized glow curve. Based on these results, average LET and quality factor were estimated for an assumed LET spectra of space radiation by using the HTR method. Considerable differences were found between these estimations and true values.     

不同参数多壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱研究

拉曼光谱是进行碳材料结构与性质研究的有力手段,为了研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的管径和长度对其拉曼光学性质的影响,本研究对一系列不同管径和长度的多壁碳纳米管进行拉曼光谱的测试和分析。研究发现: 与高取向的石墨相比,多壁碳纳米管一阶拉曼光谱的G峰中心和D峰中心都会向低波数发生不同程度的红移;MWCNT两个主要特征峰(G峰和D峰)峰强在其他条件相同的情况下,与MWCNT的管径成正比,与长度成反比;G峰的频移与MWCNT的管径和长度两个因素密切相关,与管径成反比关系(这与单壁碳纳米管的径向呼吸模有着一致的结果),与管长成正比关系,而D 峰的频移受MWCNT的管径和长度的影响很弱,并对此现象进行了初步分析。在此基础上,我们以MWCNT的长径比为横坐标,G峰频移为纵坐标作图,进行线性拟合,得到了G峰频移与长径比成一定的线性递增关系。采用同样的分析方法,我们将G峰和D峰强度分别对MWCNT的长径比作图,进行线性拟合,得到了G峰和D峰强度分别与MWCNT的长径比成一定的线性递减关系。     

A generalized approach to automated NMR peak list editing: application to reduced dimensionality triple resonance spectra

We present an algorithm and program called Pattern Picker that performs editing of raw peak lists derived from multidimensional NMR experiments with characteristic peak patterns. Pattern Picker detects groups of correlated peaks within peak lists from reduced dimensionality triple resonance (RD-TR) NMR spectra, with high fidelity and high yield. With typical quality RD-TR NMR data sets, Pattern Picker performs almost as well as human analysis, and is very robust in discriminating real peak sets from noise and other artifacts in unedited peak lists. The program uses a depth-first search algorithm with short-circuiting to efficiently explore a search tree representing every possible combination of peaks forming a group. The Pattern Picker program is particularly valuable for creating an automated peak picking/editing process. The Pattern Picker algorithm can be applied to a broad range of experiments with distinct peak patterns including RD, G-matrix Fourier transformation (GFT) NMR spectra, and experiments to measure scalar and residual dipolar coupling, thus promoting the use of experiments that are typically harder for a human to analyze. Since the complexity of peak patterns becomes a benefit rather than a drawback, Pattern Picker opens new opportunities in NMR experiment design.     

Mechanistic model for the dielectric spectrum of a simple dielectric material

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a dielectric fluidic material composed of permanent molecular dipoles. The dielectric spectrum features two peaks at lower frequencies than the system phonon frequency. The primary peak is observed at all temperatures studied and shifts toward lower frequencies as the temperature decreases. During this shift, the secondary peak emerges with a higher peak frequency than the primary peak. The secondary peak amplitude increases as the temperature decreases. Both peaks are dependent on the wavevector; in the small wavevector regime, the primary peak is shifted to higher frequencies as the wavevector squared and the secondary peak amplitude increases as the wavevector increases, but shows no shift in frequency. From the polarisation balance equation, we propose a model for the dielectric spectrum. This captures the spectrum features, and we conjecture that the primary peak is due to dipole moment correlations (Debye-type) and the secondary peak is due to the correlation between the dipole moment and a microscopic local field.     

益智红外指纹图谱的研究

益智产区的鉴别对于药材市场的质量控制以及提高药材的质量显得极为重要。益智为我国四大南药之一, 主要药效成分是诺卡酮和益智酮。红外指纹图谱用于中药质量控制研究有着良好的发展前景,借助红外光谱的指纹特性,以八种益智精油红外指纹图谱的共有峰率和变异峰率为指标,计算了样品相对于该标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率, 并按照共有峰率、变异峰率的大小建立了不同的序列。结果表明：广东、广西和海南的益智油红外图谱比较吻合,但也存在一定的差异。益智油的红外图谱特征峰为1 710和1 666 cm-1 ,广东和海南的益智油的红外指纹图谱(400～4 000 cm-1)共有峰率为62%,广西和海南的共有峰率为52%,海南的益智油共有峰率为66%～84%。从多维共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法可以对不同产地具有准确、精细且非常直观的鉴别能力, 该方法可以准确地区别不同产地的益智。     

变压器油中溶解气体拉曼光谱检测及其光谱线型模型分析

拉曼光谱气体检测技术能利用单一波长的激光对气体样品进行无接触、无损耗检测,适用于油浸式变压器油中溶解气体检测。结合拉曼光谱检测机理,分析了拉曼光谱谱线特征,建立了由洛仑兹函数与高斯函数卷积表示的拉曼光谱Voigt线型模型,其表现出较好的拉曼谱峰线型轮廓基本特征。以谱峰高、中心位置、半峰全宽等为代表的拉曼谱峰线型轮廓基本特征是寻峰的主要目标,其根本目的在获取样本定性及定量检测分析依据。故针对拉曼光谱实验数据设计了基于比较法的自动寻峰模型以实现检测目标。对引入到Voigt线型模型中的寻峰模型进行的模拟实验结果表明,模拟中谱峰高、中心位置等数据均与模型输出数据相吻合。依托实验室构建的变压器油中溶解气体拉曼光谱检测平台,分析检测实验数据表明,Voigt线型模型中半峰全宽参数实际取值区间为(8.7,11.5)(cm-1),模型与其存在偏差。修正该参数取值为10.257 cm-1,并对比研究表明：修正后的Voigt线型模型及寻峰模型具有更好的适应性及实用性。结合实验平台的拉曼光谱气体检测数据的寻峰结果,有效地完成了七种变压器故障特征气体的检测及分析。针对甲烷气体,获得单位气体含量、拉曼特征峰强度与面积三者之间的线性关系,为变压器油中溶解气体拉曼光谱检测定量分析奠定基础。     

LIBS/Raman光谱对称零面积变换自动寻峰方法研究

自动寻峰是进行光谱原位探测、实时自动分析的必要环节,对拓展光谱分析技术到长期海洋监测、石油录井等应用领域具有重要意义。该研究以实验室中获得的LIBS/Raman光谱数据,对Gaussian,Lorenz,Voigt三种线型函数构建的对称零面积变换函数进行了比较研究。结果证明各个光谱峰都存在一个最优的对称零面积变换函数,但三种变换函数在各自的最优化参数下获得的峰位、峰宽一致;以实验室中LIBS和Raman光谱定量实验数据对该方法的测试还证明,对称零面积变换寻峰方法对信号的大范围动态变化适应性强,弱峰识别能力达到或优于人工识别水平,有望应用于将来的LIBS/Raman自动原位分析中去。     

A liquid film or droplet of miscible binary fuel burning on a heated surface at elevated pressures

An experimental study has been made of the combustion and evaporation of miscible binary fuels on a heated surface at elevated pressures. Photographic observation was made for elucidating how the binary fuel droplets or films behaved on the heated surface and for obtaining the characteristic lifetime as a function of the surface temperature, the ambient pressure and the initial concentration of highly volatile component of the fuels. The binary fuels tested were mixtures of n-hexane and n-decane. The results showed that the lifetime curve both for the combustion and for the evaporation of n-hexane/n-decane on the heated surface had two peaks at lower pressures, the first peak in the film-type evaporation region and the second peak in the spheroid-type evaporation region. The preferential evaporation of the highly volatile component was responsible for the appearance of the first peak in the film-type evaporation region. The second peak corresponded to Leidenfrost point. The increase in the ambient pressure caused a shift of the lifetime curve toward higher surface temperature and a decrease in the lifetime at two peaks. The lifetime curve decreased monotonically with increasing the surface temperature and the spheroid-type evaporation was not observed at higher pressures. The increase in the initial concentration of highly volatile component caused a shift of the first peak toward higher surface temperature, a decrease in its lifetime and a slight shift of the second peak toward lower surface temperature. The combustion caused a remarkable decrease in the lifetimes around the first peak and in the spheroid-type evaporation region and a slight increase in the surface temperature at the first peak, while the surface temperature at the second peak remained almost unchanged.     

Edge states of Sr2RuO4 detected by in-plane tunneling spectroscopy

Tunneling spectroscopy has been performed on Sr(2)RuO(4) searching for the edge states peculiar to topological superconductivity. Conductance spectra exhibit broad humps with three types of peak shape: domelike peak, split peak, and two-step peak. By comparing the experiments with predictions for unconventional superconductivity, these varieties are shown to originate from multiband chiral p-wave symmetry with weak anisotropy of pair amplitude. The broad hump in the conductance spectrum is a direct manifestation of the edge state due to chiral p-wave superconductivity.     

常用激光峰值功率公式误差分析

为分析脉冲激光中常用峰值功率公式的误差,对高斯脉冲、双曲正割脉冲、洛仑兹脉冲、非对称双曲正割脉冲的常用峰值功率公式的误差进行了解析计算。结果表明：高斯脉冲、双曲正割脉冲、洛仑兹脉冲、非对称双曲正割脉冲中,常规峰值功率公式的结果与实际峰值功率的误差分别为6.3%,13.6%,22.1%,20.9%。在具体实验基础上采用数值方法分析了非常规脉冲的情形,给出了精确计算峰值功率的方法。     

一种大功率窄脉冲半导体激光器测试台的研制

大功率窄脉冲半导体激光器主要光电性能参数为:输出峰值光功率、阈值电流、正向电压、上升时间、峰值波长、光谱半宽、半强度角.根据激光制导系统对大功率窄脉冲激光器参数的特殊测试要求,研制一种大功率窄脉冲激光器测试平台,将小型化大功率激励器功放模块、大范围可调DC-DC模块、信号源板、激光器座、光学准直镜集成在一个平台上,与峰值功率计、光谱仪、CCD摄像机等仪器配合,可测出大功率窄脉冲激光器的峰值功率、峰值波长及波长随温度变化的漂移特性、发光芯均匀性等参数.介绍了大功率窄脉冲激光器测试台的特点,并对测试结果作了论述.