核酸适配体功能化的稀土上转换纳米材料在生物检测中的应用

稀土上转换纳米材料可以吸收近红外光并发射出可见光或紫外光,在生物传感领域得到了广泛研究。核酸适配体能高特异性和高亲和性地与靶标物结合,被广泛应用于生物传感、疾病诊断等领域。将稀土上转换纳米材料与核酸适配体结合构建的检测体系,可实现对目标物灵敏、高选择性的检测。本文介绍了近几年核酸适配体功能化的稀土上转换纳米材料在生物小分子、蛋白质、核酸、病原微生物、细胞等方面的应用,并展望了其在分析检测领域的发展前景。     

基于cell-SELEX的核酸适配体-纳米材料复合物用于癌细胞检测研究进展

发展高灵敏、高选择性的癌细胞检测方法是实现癌症的早期诊断和治疗的关键.基于cell-SELEX（指数富集配体系统进化法）新技术筛选出的核酸适配体,因其对癌细胞的高亲和力和高特异性,以及体积小、免疫原性小、易于进行化学修饰等优点,已被广泛应用于癌细胞的检测.此外,核酸适配体与纳米材料,包括金属纳米粒子、量子点、纳米二氧化硅和碳纳米材料等结合后,将会增强其对癌细胞的识别能力.本文综述了近年来基于cell-SELEX技术筛选出的核酸适配体与纳米材料结合所形成的复合物作为新型分子工具用于增强癌细胞识别和检测的研究进展,并对此领域的未来发展作了展望.     

基于核酸适配体和纳米粒子的光学探针

核酸适配体(aptamer)是一类通过指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX)经体外筛选得到的单链DNA或RNA。核酸适配体借自身形成的空间结构与靶标分子特异性结合,具有靶分子广、亲和力高、特异性强、易改造修饰等特点,因而在生命科学、临床诊断、药物发现和环境科学等方面得以广泛应用。近年来,核酸适配体与纳米技术结合,并利用纳米材料在光学、磁学、电学、化学及生物学方面表现出的特殊性质,实现了对靶标分子高灵敏度、高选择性、简便快速的识别与检测。本文评述了基于核酸适配体-纳米粒子特性的光学探针在生物大分子、金属离子和有机小分子检测等领域的应用现状与发展趋势,主要包括比色法、荧光光谱法、表面增强拉曼光谱法等。     

单个量子点的光学性质与应用

量子点(QDs)是一种具有诸多优良光学特性的荧光纳米颗粒,已在化学分析、生物传感、分子影像等领域得到了广泛应用.单个量子点的光学性质研究有望发现一些宏观方法不能发现的实验现象,可以为改善其光学性能提供思路,有助于更好的应用于各领域.本文评述了单个量子点的检测与判定方法,单个量子点的荧光增强、漂白、眨眼(blinking)、蓝移等光学性质及其在单分子示踪、生物化学传感、超分辨定位技术等方面的应用.总结了目前量子点作为荧光探针在实际应用中遇到的问题,并提出未来量子点将朝着合成能同时满足尺寸小、量子产率高、 "non-blinking"、蓝移幅度大、无生物毒性的量子点及能同时为成像/检测提供荧光探针与散射探针的等离子体量子点等研究方向发展.     

适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测中的应用

适配体是通过指数富集系统进化技术(SELEX)体外筛选得到的一类能够特异性地结合小分子物质、蛋白,甚至整个细胞的寡核苷酸序列.由于具有制备简便、易于修饰、稳定性好等特点,适配体已广泛应用于构建生物传感器,实现对病原微生物的识别和检测.本文在阐述适配体基本原理的基础之上,结合近年来病原微生物适配体研究领域的最新研究成果,综述以病原微生物为目标的适配体筛选技术的最新进展;列举目前已经筛选获得的病原微生物(原生生物、病毒、细菌)适配体;综述适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测中的应用.并展望了适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测领域的发展趋势.     

基于核酸适配体的生物标志物检测方法研究进展

核酸适配体是指能与特定靶分子结合的寡核苷酸链。因其具有易修饰、易合成和低免疫原性等特点,作为生物传感器的靶向元件,已广泛应用于各种生物标志物检测技术中。本文综述了近年来基于核酸适配体的生物标志物的检测技术在癌症、心血管疾病、阿尔兹海默症、抑郁症等多个疾病领域的诊断研究进展,列举核酸适配体新兴技术的创新应用,以期为生物标志物的检测提供新思路,也有望为相关疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供参考。     

基于量子点的检测技术在法庭科学物证鉴定中的应用研究进展

由于具有独特的纳米尺寸效应和高灵敏度的光电效应,碳量子点以及半导体量子点技术已经被广泛应用于材料科学、生物和医药等领域。本文在简述量子点结构、合成方法等基础上,着重介绍了基于量子点的检测技术在法庭科学领域毒物、毒品和微量物证鉴定中的应用,旨在分析基于量子点的检测技术研究与应用现状,展望其在法庭科学领域中的应用前景。     

基于核酸适配体的比色生物传感器研究进展

核酸适配体因能与目标物特异性结合而被用作生物识别元件,广泛用于生物传感器的研究。基于适配体的比色生物传感器,因简便、经济且直观可视等特点,在环境保护、医疗诊断和食品安全等领域备受青睐。随着生物技术和纳米技术的迅速发展,结合不同显色途径和信号放大方法,已建立了多种操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高的基于适配体的比色传感方法,为现场快速检测技术的发展提供了新思路和新选择。识别元件、信号探针及信号放大策略都是影响比色生物传感器准确性和灵敏度的重要因素,纳米材料和放大策略的选择及设计非常重要。本文主要基于酶催化和等离子体共振比色原理,介绍了近年来比色适配体传感器的研究进展,为高灵敏比色生物传感器的研究和应用提供参考。     

面向食品安全分析的核酸适配体传感技术

食品中危害因子的检测一直是国内外食品安全领域致力解决的重要问题。核酸适配体是一类通过体外筛选技术得到的单链DNA或RNA,具有特异性强、稳定性好和靶分子广等特点,因而被广泛用于食品安全检测领域。近年来,随着纳米传感技术的快速发展,互补结合适配体和纳米材料的特殊性质,可实现对靶标物质的超灵敏、高选择性及快速检测。本文总结了近年来筛选的食品危害因子适配体,综述了面向食品安全检测的基于适配体传感和纳米材料修饰的分析检测技术的进展,主要包括比色法、荧光法、电化学法以及表面等离子体共振技术,并探讨了适配体传感检测所存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。     

细菌的核酸适配体筛选的研究进展

核酸适配体(aptamer)是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选的能够以高亲和力和高特异性识别靶标分子或细胞的核糖核酸(RNA)和单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA)。作为化学抗体,核酸适配体的制备和合成比抗体的成本更低。核酸适配体的靶标范围极其广泛,包括小分子、生物大分子、细菌和细胞等。针对细菌靶标筛选的适配体,目前主要应用于食品、医药和环境中的细菌检测。细菌的核酸适配体筛选可以通过离心法将菌体-适配体复合物与游离的适配体分离,并通过荧光成像、荧光光谱分析、流式细胞仪分选、DNA捕获元件、酶联适配体分析等方法表征适配体与靶标的相互作用。筛选出的适配体可结合生物、化学检测方法用于细菌检测。本文介绍了细菌适配体的筛选和表征方法以及基于适配体的检测方法的最新进展,分析了不同检测方法的利弊,并列出了2011~2015年筛选的细菌的核酸适配体。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.