ICP-AES法测定锡铅焊料中铜铁镉锌铝铋

锡铅焊料试样经盐酸、硝酸分解后，加入一定量的硫酸沉淀分离基体铅，以盐酸一氢溴酸排锡后，采用ICP—AES法同时测定铜、铁、镉、锌、铝、铋。方法没有谱线和背景干扰，检出限铜为0．000034％，铁为0．000038％，镉为0．000026％，锌为0．000071％，铝为0．00025％，铋为0．00060％，回收率在91．09／5～99．2％之间。完全满足锡铅焊料中的铜、铁、镉、锌、铝、铋测定的要求。     

粉煤灰表面形貌和组成的电子显微镜/能量色散谱、聚焦离子束分析

用超级场发射电子显微镜(FE—SEM),扫描电子显微镜／能量色散谱(SEM／EDS)和聚焦离子束测试仪(FIB)等,对粉煤灰进行了表面形貌和元素组成分析。FIB显示粉煤灰大多为咖0．3～0．5μm的球状微粒;FE-SEM则显示约有88％的粉煤灰为φ0．3～1μm的球状微粒,表面凹凸不平,主要为铝、硅、铁等元素的氧化物,其中铝、硅、铁和氧的质量分数分别为20．5％、23．6％、1．4％和50．9％。     

低温蒸发金属PMBP螯合物的ETV-ICP-AES技术研究

本文以1－苯基－3－甲基－4－苯甲酰基－吡唑酮－5（PMBP）为化学改进剂，提出低温蒸发金属PMBP气态螯合的ETV－ICP－AES新技术，对影响螯合物的形成及其蒸发行为的因素进行了研究，在优化的实验条件下，方法测定镧，铕，铝和铁的检出限分别为8.0ng/mL、0．9ng/mL、0．6ng/mL和3．2ng/mL；相对标准偏差分别为3．3％，3．4％、4．7％和3．9％，已将本法用于标准参考机动车尾气尘粒和米粉试样中的痕量镧，铕，铝和铁的测定，结果与标准值吻合。     

高灵敏示波电位动力学分析法测定茶单宁

本文利用KBrO3和KBr的氧化还原反应与茶单宁的溴代反应间的速度差异，将动力学分析法与示波电位法结合起来，提出了测定痕量茶单宁的新方法。在0．032mol／LHCl介质中，KBrO3和KBr浓度为0．0005和0．001mol／L时，方法的检出限为3．8μg／L，相对标准偏差为2．8％。调整上述试剂浓度，可使测定范围延伸几个数量级（从ng级到mg级）。该方法灵敏、简便、快速，且不受颜色等干扰。用于饮料、体液和茶树样品中茶单宁的测定，结果与酒石酸铁比色法相差—7．9％～5．5％。     

不同炊具铁、铝或镍、铬溶出量的测定

常用炊具铁、铝和不锈钢锅分别以水、水加醋煮沸10min后，用原子吸收分光光度法测定3种锅加水对应无奈的溶出量（mg／L）分别为铁11．60、铝21．41、镍0.06和铬0．07，而水加醋则其溶出量均明显增加，为加水的2．0－4．5倍。     

邻苯二酚紫-示波计时电位法间接测定天然水中总酸溶铝

报道邻苯二酚紫（PCV）-示波计时电位法间接测定天然水中的总酸溶铝。在0．5mol/LNH4Ac（pH6．4）缓冲溶液中,PCV在dE／dt－E示波极谱图上出现两个切口,Ep1＝－0．80V和Ep2=-1．20V。加入铝后,切口深度变浅,切口深度的变化△h同加入铝量有关。在最佳条件下,即0．5mol/LNH4Ac,pH6．4及1×10-3mol/LPCV,第二个切口△h2变浅的幅度在4×10－7～4×10-6mol/L铝浓度范围内有线性关系。检测限为2×10-7mol/L。在1×10－6mol/L时标准偏差为8．3％（n=10）。应用该法测定了天然水中总酸溶铝,并同ICP-AES所获结果进行了对照。结果基本一致。     

离子色谱法同时测定水中六种阳离子

研究了用抑制电导离子色谱法一次进样同时测定水中Li^ ,Na^ , NH4^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 的色谱法条件，相对标准偏差小于0．5％，加标回收率在97．5％－104．0％。在水质分析中运用t检验法，比较了用钙、镁离子浓度计算和传统方法测定的总硬度之间是否存在显著性差异。     

铅锡合金中锡和铅的连续示波滴定

报道了铅锡合金中铅、锡含量的连续示波测定方法 ,选择在pH 5 .5的缓冲介质中 ,以NH4F释放Sn EDTA中的EDTA和 (NH4) 2 MoO4释放Pb EDTA中的EDTA ,采用Zn2 +标准溶液滴定。方法快速简便 ,终点直观 ,标准加入回收率在99.5 %～ 1 0 0 .5 %之间 ,RSD <0 .5 %     

粉煤灰与几种酸固相反应特性的表面分析

用扫描电镜．能量色散谱研究了粉煤灰与酸的固相反应过程中表面形貌和化学组成变化特性。室温下粉煤灰分别与HCI、HNO3、H2SO4、HCIO4固相反应后，表面产生直径20—200nm的结晶颗粒或晶柱。反应生成的水溶物结晶体的扫描电镜图像分别呈手指状、龟背形、蛛蛛状、蝙蝠态，分别为氯化铝铁混晶、硝酸铝铁混晶、硫酸铝铁混晶和高氯酸铝铁混晶。粉煤灰是硅、铝、铁等元素的氧化物聚集体，铁铝等氧化物主要分布在颗粒表面，氧化硅主要分布在颗粒内层。用少量酸进行固相反应这些氧化物聚集体可相互剥离，用H2SO4处理粉煤灰优先将铁铝氧化物转化成可溶性硫酸盐。     

铍试剂Ⅲ/钙色素双偶氮染料-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态铝

采用铍试剂Ⅲ (简称BER)和钙色素 (简称CAL)双偶氮染料 示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态铝。实验条件和结果如下 :在pH 5 .0NH4Ac HAc缓冲溶液中 ,BER在dE dt E示波图上出现一个切口 ,Ep1 =-0 .3 5V。加入铝后出现一新切口 ,Ep2 =-0 .70V ,该切口深度与加入铝量在 1 .0× 1 0 - 6 ～ 2 .0× 1 0 - 5mol L浓度范围内呈线性关系 ;检出限为 5 .0× 1 0 - 7mol L ;在 5 .0× 1 0 - 6 mol LAl时相对标准偏差为 5 5 % (n=1 0 )。在pH 8.0NH4Ac NH3·H2 O缓冲溶液中 ,CAL在示波图上出现一个切口 ,EP′1 =-0 .60V。加入铝后出现一新切口 ,EP′2 =-0 .75V ,该切口深度与加入铝量在 1 .0×1 0 - 6 ～ 1 .0× 1 0 - 5mol L浓度范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限为 5 .0× 1 0 - 7mol L ;在 2 .0× 1 0 - 6 mol LAl时 ,相对标准偏差为 5 .5 % (n =1 0 )。分别采用两种试剂在弱酸性和弱碱性条件下测定了天然水样中的铝浓度 ,发现在弱酸性下测定的是无机单核铝 ,而在弱碱性下则是总单核铝 ,据此可以实现对 5种铝形态的区分。测定了实际天然水样 ,与Driscoll方法进行了对照 ,结果基本一致     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.