孔洞裂纹问题的一种数值方法

研究孔洞与裂纹的相互作用问题,通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多孔洞多裂纹的一般体系,将原问题分解为承受远处载荷不含裂纹不含孔洞的均匀问题,和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上和孔洞表面上承受面力的多孔洞多裂纹问题.于是,以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考虑后者来解决,而利用笔者提出的杂交位移不连续法,这种多孔洞多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的.算例说明该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中孔洞与裂纹的相互作用既简单又有效.     

平面弹性介质多孔多裂纹问题的一种数值方法

提出了平面弹性介质中多孔洞多裂纹相互作用问题的一种数值计算方 法. 通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多孔洞多裂纹的一般体系，将原问题 分解为承受远处载荷不含裂纹不含孔洞的均匀问题，和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上和孔 洞表面上承受面力的多孔洞多裂纹问题. 于是，以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考 虑后者(多孔洞多裂纹问题)来解决，而利用提出的杂交位移不连续法，这种多孔 洞多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的. 算例说明该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中多孔洞多裂纹 相互作用的问题既简单又有效.     

应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形

利用数字图像相关方法测量表面带孔洞、裂纹、缺口等缺陷试样的全场变形是许多实际测量任务中经常遇到的问题.就此问题,本文阐述了一种先对要避免计算的缺陷区域进行标记,在随后进行的相关计算中直接避免这些标记区域的方法.在已计算得到全场位移的情况下,文中提出了基于局部位移场最小二乘拟合的方法来计算区域边界、孔洞、裂纹或缺口附近等区域应变.最后对单侧边带半圆缺口试样的单向疲劳拉伸实验的计算结果充分显示本文方法的有效性和可靠性.     

基于数字图像处理的含缺陷混凝土破裂过程研究

混凝土破坏规律受其缺陷的影响,为了从细观尺度研究含缺陷混凝土破坏规律,基于数字图像处理技术表征混凝土骨料形状、大小及空间分布,运用RFPA2D-DIP软件构建混凝土真实细观模型并进行单轴压缩试验,研究了含不同缺陷混凝土的破坏规律。试验结果表明:相比完整试件,含缺陷试件强度更低,破坏过程应力跌落次数更多,其初始裂纹在预制裂隙及孔洞两端萌生,缺陷与新裂纹的贯通最终导致试件破坏;混凝土中同时存在孔洞和裂隙时,孔洞与裂隙相互影响并形成应力集中的岩桥区域,当孔洞直径不变时,随着裂隙长度增加,试件峰值强度下降,在同一裂隙长度下,随着孔洞直径增大,混凝土峰值强度降低。     

分子动力学模拟含不同初始缺陷单晶镍的断裂行为与应力演化

断裂是一个跨尺度复杂的物理过程,对宏观尺度的断裂行为已有深入的研究和发展,然而对微观尺度的断裂行为及断裂过程中应力场的变化缺乏深入的理解。本文通过分子动力学模拟,研究了具有不同初始缺陷(尖锐裂纹、钝裂纹和孔洞)的单晶镍的断裂行为和应力分布特征。结果表明,不同的初始缺陷导致了不同的断裂机制、断裂强度和抗断裂性能。含初始孔洞的单晶镍样品有最高的断裂强度和最强的抗断裂性能,这与孔洞扩展过程中堆积层错的形成密切相关。其次是含初始钝裂纹的样品,在裂纹扩展过程中出现由[100]超位错发射引起的裂尖钝化;含尖锐裂纹的样品表现为脆性断裂,裂尖原子没有出现微结构的变化,其强度和抗断裂性能最低。此外,不同的初始缺陷也会导致断裂过程中应力分布的变化,对含有尖锐裂纹的脆性断裂试样,高应力(拉伸应力、平均应力和米塞斯应力)总是出现在扩展裂纹的裂尖。而对于含有钝裂纹或孔洞的韧性断裂试样,高应力不仅分布在裂尖,也分布在位错发射和堆积层错形成的区域,在裂纹/孔洞扩展之前,应力随着加载时间的增加而迅速增加,而一旦裂纹或孔洞开始扩展,应力增加非常缓慢或几乎不增加,但拉伸应力值始终大于平均应力和米塞斯应力值。这表明,在I型...     

微小缺口/孔洞的激光衍射无损检测

基于裂纹和孔洞的小尺寸特征,提出了微小缺口/孔洞的激光衍射无损探测技术,给出了解析表达式.通过这一技术,对单向拉伸试件中所含单边缺口和中心孔洞在外载作用下的演化过程进行了实时原位检测,获得了缺口/孔洞孔径随载荷的变化曲线及模拟裂纹时裂纹的张开位移、裂纹开裂长度及应力强度因子等一系列断裂参数.     

带2k个周期径向裂纹的圆形孔口问题的精确分析解

利用复变函数的方法,通过构造保角映射研究了带2^k个周期径向裂纹的圆形孔洞的平面弹性问题,给出了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的解析解．并由此模拟出了十字裂纹,米字裂纹,带单裂纹、对称双裂纹、对称四裂纹、对称八裂纹的圆形孔洞,共点周期裂纹问题．     

磁电弹性体中纳米孔边任意位置贯穿裂纹的解析解

本文研究了反平面机械载荷、面内电载荷和面内磁载荷作用下磁电弹材料中含有纳米尺度孔边任意位置贯穿裂纹的Ⅲ型断裂力学性能.基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面弹性理论考虑纳米缺陷(孔洞和裂纹)的表面效应,利用磁电弹理论和复变弹性理论获得了纳米缺陷表面为磁电不可通条件下磁电弹场的精确解,给出了贯穿裂纹两端裂尖的磁电弹场强因子的解析表达.所得结果与已有研究比较说明了本文方法的有效性.讨论了裂纹位置、裂纹相互作用与施加多物理场载荷对无量纲磁电弹场强因子的影响.结果表明：贯穿裂纹裂尖的无量纲磁电弹场强因子尺寸效应显著;缺陷表面效应对裂纹耦合尖端场的影响受裂纹位置的制约;无量纲磁电弹场强因子受贯穿裂纹两端的裂纹长度比与施加力电磁载荷的显著影响.     

应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形

利用数字图像相关方法测量表面带孔洞、裂纹、缺口等缺陷试样的全场变形是许多实际测量任务中经常遇到的问题。就此问题，本文阐述了一种先对要避免计算的缺陷区域进行标记，在随后进行的相关计算中直接避免这些标记区域的方法。在已计算得到全场位移的情况下，文中提出了基于局部位移场最小二乘拟合的方法来计算区域边界、孔洞、裂纹或缺口附近等区域应变。最后对单侧边带半圆缺口试样的单向疲劳拉伸实验的计算结果充分显示本文方法的有效性和可靠性。     

损伤体有效弹性性质的细观分析和不变性描述—— 一个考虑微缺陷相互作用的一般理论模式

通过引进微缺陷相互作用张量，建立了一个二维情况下考虑微缺陷（微裂纹或微孔洞）间相互作用的损伤固体有效弹性性质的一般理论模式模型中考虑了微缺陷的几何形状、取向分布和空间分布所造成的有效柔度张量的各向异性和材料中微缺陷之间的相互作用所引起的损伤柔度张量的高阶效应针对微椭圆孔、微圆孔和微裂纹问题，求得了相互作用张量的解析形式     

3D dynamic stress intensity factors at three rectangular cracks in an infinite elastic medium subjected to a time-harmonic stress wave

Summary Dynamic stresses around three coplanar cracks in an infinite elastic medium are determined in the paper. Two of the cracks are equal, rectangular and symmetrically situated on either side of the centrally located rectangular crack. Time-harmonic normal traction acts on each surface of the three cracks. To solve the problem, two kind of solutions are superposed: one is a solution for a rectangular crack in an infinite elastic medium, and the other one is that for two rectangular cracks in an infinite elastic medium. The unknown coefficients in the combined solution are determined by applying the boundary conditions at the surfaces of the cracks. Finally, stress intensity factors are calculated numerically for several crack configurations. Received 14 July 1998; accepted for publication 2 December 1998     

Transient dynamic responses of a cracked solid subjected to in-plane loadings

Transient dynamic responses of an elastic cracked solid subjected to in-plane surface loadings are investigated in this study. Two vertical cracks, a surface-breaking crack and a sub-surface crack, are considered. The frequency responses of the plane strain problem are calculated by the computational mechanics combining the finite element method with the boundary integral equation. The finite element method is used for the near-field enclosing the crack, while the boundary integral equation is applied for the far-field to satisfy the Sommerfeld radiation condition. The transient responses are then obtained using fast Fourier transform. Surface displacements, crack opening displacements, and dynamic stress intensity factors are presented to show the significant effects of the cracks. The interaction between the elastic waves and the cracks as well as the mode conversion phenomena can be observed and understood through the numerical simulations.     

Combined analysis of fracture under stresses acting along cracks

A joint approach to the study of two non-classical fracture mechanisms, namely fracture of cracked materials with initial (residual) stresses acting along the crack planes and fracture under compression along parallel cracks, is considered in the framework of three-dimensional linearized solid mechanics. Mathematical statements of problems for pre-stressed solids that contain interacting circular cracks are given. Problems for an infinite solid containing two parallel co-axial cracks and for a space with the periodical set of co-axial parallel cracks as well as for a half-space with near-the-surface crack are solved. Several patterns of loading on the crack faces (normal loading, radial shear and torsion) are considered. The effects of initial stresses on stress intensity factors are analyzed for highly elastic materials with some types of elastic potentials. Formulation of fracture criteria accounting effect of initial (residual) stresses is given. Critical parameters of fracture of solids containing interacting cracks under compression along the cracks are calculated. The influence of geometrical parameters of the problems as well as physical and mechanical properties of materials on these critical parameters is analyzed.     

Interacting multiple cracks in piezoelectric materials

In this paper, a method is presented to calculate the plane electro–elastic fields in piezoelectric materials with multiple cracks. The cracks may be distributed randomly in locations, orientations and sizes. In the method, each crack is treated as a continuous distributed dislocations with the density function to be determined according to the conditions of external loads and crack surfaces. Some numerical examples are given to show the interacting effect among multiple cracks.     

星形裂纹的应力分析

利用复变函数的方法, 通过构造适当的保角映射研究了星形裂纹的平面弹性问题,给出了裂纹尖端I型与II型问题应力强度因子的解析解.并由此模拟出了经典的Griffith裂纹,共点均匀分布三裂纹,十字裂纹,对称八裂纹问题.      

界面裂纹问题中的弹性T项和应力强度因子

研究两相材料有限板含单边界面裂纹的断裂力学特性，对不同的材料组合用广义变分法分析了不同尺寸试件和裂纹长度下的应力强度因子和弹性T项，讨论了材料特性对应力强度因子和弹性T项的作用．分析了试件尺寸和裂纹长度对应力强度因子和弹性T项的影响．     

Fracture detection problems:: applications and limitations of the energy momentum tensor and related invariants

We show that under certain circumstances, if displacement measurements are made inside and⧸or outside a body, it is possible to use two in variants based on the energy momentum tensor to determine (to some extent) the crack direction and length for cracks in bidimensional problems or the crack direction and area for cracks in three dimensional problems. This is done for a certain family of non-linear materials with a given toughness which includes linearly elastic materials with quadratic strain energy and power law elastic. One of the limitations is that the crack must be straight in 2D or planar in 3D.     

Opening-Function Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Nonstationary Interaction of Cracks in an Elastic Body

Integral relations between three-dimensional dynamic displacements (stresses) in an infinite elastic body with arbitrarily located plane cracks and discontinuities in the displacements of the opposite crack faces are presented. The influence of opening cracks on each other is considered in the problem on crack faces loaded by pulse forces. This problem is reduced to a system of boundary integral equations of the wave-potential type in a time domain. The dynamic mode I stress intensity factors are determined for two coplanar elliptic cracks under forces in the form of the Heaviside function     

Crack kinking in sandwich structures under three-point bending

Sandwich beams under three-point bending containing cracks in the core material very close to the upper skin interface are investigated. The cracks considered parallel or with an imperceptible inclination to the longitudinal beam axis and at different distances from the upper skin interface, are analyzed with static non-linear elastic two and three dimensional finite element analyses. From the proposed analyses stress intensity factors are calculated using linear elastic fracture mechanics. It is demonstrated that the crack propagation on the compression side of the core is mainly subjected in shear. The strain energy density criterion is used in order to determine the angle of kinking of the crack into the core.     

Analysis of multiple interfacial cracks in three-dimensional bimaterials using hypersingular integro-differential equation method

By using the concept of finite-part integral, a set of hypersingular integro-differential equations for multiple interracial cracks in a three-dimensional infinite bimaterial subjected to arbitrary loads is derived. In the numerical analysis, unknown displacement discontinuities are approximated with the products of the fundamental density functions and power series. The fundamental functions are chosen to express a two-dimensional interface crack rigorously. As illustrative examples, the stress intensity factors for two rectangular interface cracks are calculated for various spacing, crack shape and elastic constants. It is shown that the stress intensity factors decrease with the crack spacing.