共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
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研究了溶液预凝胶化对纤维素/NaOH/尿素水溶液体系以浸没沉淀相转化法制备的再生纤维素水凝胶膜的影响.通过静态拉伸、扫描电子显微镜研究了预凝胶化温度、凝固浴温度、凝固浴组成对再生纤维素水凝胶膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明,与常规的浸没沉淀相转化法相比,使溶液预凝胶化可以提高所制备的水凝胶膜的机械性能.经60℃预凝胶30 min后制备的水凝胶膜,拉伸强度比未经预凝胶处理的水凝胶膜提高85%.凝固浴温度的升高和凝固浴中硫酸浓度的增大均会导致形成具有较大孔结构的纤维素水凝胶膜,机械性能也随之下降. 相似文献
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童贤涛钟璇何小云李欣达兰嫒余木火 《高分子通报》2013,(10):151-155
采用新型纤维素溶解体系NaOH/硫脲/尿素体系作为溶剂,对纤维素进行溶解、过滤、脱泡,得到澄清的纤维素溶液,然后通过H2SO4、HOAC(CH3COOH)、H2SO4/Na2SO4等不同的凝固浴制备出纤维素膜,采用XRD、SEM和强力拉伸测试等方法对纤维素膜进行表征得出纤维素膜的最佳凝固温度为20℃,不同凝固浴的最佳浓度及凝固时间分别是H2SO4-5%-3min,HOAC-9%-3min,H2SO4/Na2SO4-7%/9%-5min。其中,最佳的凝固浴及其凝固条件为20℃,H2SO4/Na2SO4-7%/9%-5min。此时纤维素膜具有均匀致密的孔洞结构,其拉伸强度及断裂伸长率分别为166.2MPa-13.5%。 相似文献
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基于纤维素的气凝胶材料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纤维素是自然界中储量最为丰富的一种天然高分子。作为继无机气凝胶和合成聚合物气凝胶之后的第三代气凝胶,纤维素基气凝胶材料兼具绿色可再生的纤维素材料和多孔气凝胶材料两者的优点,成为纤维素材料研究与应用中的一个热点。本文梳理了纤维素基气凝胶材料的发展脉络,综述了纤维素基气凝胶材料的研究进展。重点对纤维素基气凝胶的制备方法进行了总结,包括基于含水溶剂和无水溶剂的纤维素直接溶解法及源自植物纤维素和细菌纤维素的纤维素纳米纤维的水相分散法。介绍了纤维素基气凝胶力学性能的提高和功能性开发的最新研究结果。最后对纤维素基气凝胶材料的发展前景和研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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纤维素是自然界中最丰富的生物质资源,因其具有可再生性、生物相容性、无毒、可降解等诸多特性,纤维素及其衍生物不仅广泛应用于传统的工业领域,而且在药物控释、组织工程、可穿戴设备材料等领域也有着广阔的应用前景。受到工程技术应用需求的驱动,以纤维素及其衍生物为基材的智能凝胶材料已成为目前的研究热点。作者系统研究了纤维素基智能凝胶材料的制备、结构及性能。主要内容如下:
1.制备了纤维素基气凝胶并对其进行疏水改性,研究了疏水改性后的纤维素气凝胶材料在水下吸附气体的能力,并设计了纤维素基智能捕集器,用于连续不断地吸附从海底释放的甲烷气体。
2.制备了TEMPO氧化的纳米纤维素纤维,并将其用于增强聚丙烯酰胺/明胶形状记忆水凝胶的力学性能;制备的复合水凝胶展示了较好的形状记忆行为,并且该水凝胶的形状记忆性能具有较好的可重复性。
3.利用羧甲基纤维素制备了对多种金属阳离子响应的形状记忆水凝胶;能够通过改变羧甲基纤维素与金属离子之间的交联密度,调节该水凝胶的力学性能。
4.将羧甲基纤维素钠与聚丙烯酸(PAA)复合制备出具有较优异机械性能和自修复性能的聚丙烯酸/羧甲基纤维素钠水凝胶。通过简单的浸泡法,将该复合水凝胶浸泡在氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中,可以促进CMC和PAA之间的链缠结,进一步提升其机械性能。此外,由于水凝胶的导离子性,制备的水凝胶具有良好的传导性能,有望实现在电子皮肤或可穿戴设备中的应用。 相似文献
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石墨烯气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的三维宏观材料,因其孔隙率高、比表面积大和密度低等特点在水体污染物的吸附去除方面具有广阔的应用前景,已成为当今的研究热点。然而相关研究大多集中在块体石墨烯气凝胶,对于气凝胶小球的研究较少。本文结合相关领域的最新研究进展,综述了石墨烯基气凝胶小球的制备方法,包括静电喷雾、静电纺丝、微流控和湿纺等方法;以湿纺法为代表,分析了气凝胶小球的成型影响因素,如GO分散体的浓度和黏度、挤出参数、凝固浴的种类和浓度等;并进一步分析了可用于调节材料孔径的因素,例如通过控制GO浓度、GO片层尺寸、冷冻处理的温度等可实现在一定范围内材料孔径的调整。针对废水中处理对象的不同,设计吸附性能、循环使用性能优异及微观形貌可控的石墨烯基气凝胶小球并寻求制备方法的优化与创新仍是未来探索的重点。 相似文献
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Cheng-kung Liu John A. Cuculo Brent Smith 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1989,27(12):2493-2511
An extensive study of the coagulation of cellulose from cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate solutions is presented. The effect of major variables upon the coagulation process for cellulose solutions is reported. Microscopic observations of the moving boundary associated with the coagulation were performed on gelled cellulose solutions to determine the coagulation rate as a function of molecular volumes of coagulant, bath temperatures, bath compositions, and cellulose concentrations. The data were analyzed by means of a one-dimensional linear diffusion model based on Fick's law, thereby depicting the mechanism of the coagulation process, and obtaining the diffusion coefficients of mobile components involved in the coagulation. 相似文献
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Aqueous 5 wt% LiOH/12 wt% urea solution pre-cooled to −12 °C has a more powerful ability to dissolve cellulose compared to
that of NaOH/urea and NaOH/thiourea solution system. The influences of the cellulose concentration and coagulation temperature
on the structure, pore size and mechanical properties of the cellulose films prepared from LiOH/urea system were investigated.
The cellulose films exhibited good mechanical properties either at wet or dry state and their pore size and water permeability
at wet state can be controlled by changing the cellulose concentration or coagulation temperature. With a decrease of the
coagulation temperature, the mechanical properties and optical transmittance of the cellulose films enhanced, as a result
of the formation of relative smaller pore size and denser structures. This work provided a promising way to prepare cellulose
films with different pore sizes at wet state and good physical properties at dry state. 相似文献
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Jae Jeong Cho Samuel H. Hudson John A. Cuculo 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1989,27(8):1699-1719
Coagulation of cellulose has been studied in cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate anisotropic solutions. The effect of coagulation variables such as coagulant, bath temperature, and cellulose concentration on the coagulation process is reported. The coagulation rate was measured by microscopic observation of the moving boundary associated with coagulation. Results indicate that the coagulation rate increases with increasing cellulose concentration and bath temperature. Methanol has the highest coagulation power among the coagulants employed. Mass transfer rate difference and equilibrium swelling were also measured. The results on the mass transfer rate differences show that the mass transfer rate of NH3/NH4SCN is greater than those of the respective coagulants under all coagulation conditions. The equilibrium swelling decreases with increasing bath temperature and cellulose concentration. 相似文献
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Drawable water‐swollen cellulose films were prepared by coagulating in water two different cellulose organic solution systems. The drawability of the water‐swollen films was dependent on the rate of coagulation. Transparent films prepared by the slow coagulation showed good drawability and had a maximum draw ratio of 2.0. However, the drawn films maintained the highly noncrystalline state even after dried at 50°C under vacuum. X‐ray analysis and polarized FT‐IR measurements performed under a saturated deuterium oxide vapor of these dried drawn films, prepared by slow coagulation, showed that their noncrystalline regions (more than 80%) as well as crystalline regions (less than 20%) were highly oriented by the drawing process. Furthermore, meridional intensity curves in the X‐ray diffraction exhibited interesting patterns even though the drawn sample was highly noncrystalline. In fact, they are quite different from those in regenerated cellulose II fibers. However, despite this increase in draw ratio and in the orientation of the chains, the number of crystalline domains in the films did not increase significantly. This may perhaps be attributed to the three‐dimensional network structure resulting from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between chains which are maintained through the drawing process and which can hinder the crystallization of cellulose. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 451–459, 1999 相似文献
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Xia Peng Shaojun Wang Xiaomin Zhang You Shu Shengpei Su Jin Zhu 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(11):4683-4689
In this work, cellulose–Ag@AgCl composite films have been fabricated directly through a one-step coagulation of a cellulose/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) solution with AgNO3 and PVP. The AgCl was formed upon the addition of AgNO3 to a cellulose/BmimCl solution, and underwent further reaction with excess Cl?, leading to the complete dissolution of AgCl. The AgCl crystals were regenerated on the cellulose matrix during the coagulation process. The AgCl was partial decomposed to Ag0 and formed Ag@AgCl under visible light irradiation. The morphology of Ag@AgCl in the cellulose matrix was controlled by varying the concentration of PVP. The addition of PVP enabled the formation of stable cellulose films embedded with Ag@AgCl. The composite film demonstrated efficient photodegradation of methyl orange, which was retained upon recycling. This work thus provides a simple pathway for the preparation of Ag@AgCl embedded on a polymer support via one-step coagulation. 相似文献
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Arnaud Demilecamps Gudrun Reichenauer Arnaud Rigacci Tatiana Budtova 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(4):2625-2636
Cellulose–silica composite aerogels were prepared via “one-pot” process: aqueous solutions of cellulose–8 wt% NaOH and sodium silicate were mixed, coagulated and dried with supercritical CO2. The system was studied both in the fluid and solid (dry) states. Cellulose and sodium silicate solutions were mixed at different temperatures and concentrations; mixture properties were monitored using dynamic rheology. The gelation time of the mixture was strongly reduced as compared to that of cellulose–NaOH solutions; we interpret this phenomenon as cellulose self-aggregation inducing partial coagulation due to competition for the solvent with sodium silicate. The gelled cellulose/sodium silicate samples were placed in aqueous acid solution which completed cellulose coagulation and led to in situ formation of sub-micronic silica particles trapped in a porous cellulose matrix. After drying with supercritical CO2, an organic–inorganic aerogel composite was formed. The densities obtained were in the range of 0.10–0.25 g/cm3 and the specific surface area was between 100 and 200 m2/g. The silica phase was shown to have a reinforcing effect on the cellulose aerogel, increasing its Young’s modulus. 相似文献
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Choo‐Won Kim Margaret W. Frey Manuel Marquez Yong Lak Joo 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2005,43(13):1673-1683
Cellulose nonwoven mats of submicron‐sized fibers (150 nm–500 nm in diameter) were obtained by electrospinning cellulose solutions. A solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used, and the effects of (i) temperature of the collector, (ii) type of collector (aluminum mesh and cellulose filter media), and (iii) postspinning treatment, such as coagulation with water, on the morphology of electrospun fibers were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction studies of as‐spun fibers at room temperature reveal that the morphology of cellulose fibers evolves with time due to moisture absorption and swelling caused by the residual salt and solvent. Although heating the collector greatly enhances the stability of the fiber morphology, the removal of salt by coagulation and DMAc by heating the collector was necessary for the fabrication of dry and stable cellulose fibers with limited moisture absorption and swelling. The presence and removal of the salt before and after coagulation have been identified by electron microprobe and X‐ray diffraction studies. When cellulose filter media is used as a collector, dry and stable fibers were obtained without the coagulation step, and the resulting electrospun fibers exhibit good adhesion to the filter media. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1673–1683, 2005 相似文献
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Feiya Fu Yi Guo Yang Wang Qingyue Tan Jinping Zhou Lina Zhang 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(4):2819-2830
Regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes were prepared from cellulose carbamate—NaOH/ZnO aqueous solutions by coagulating with H2SO4 solution. Structure, morphology and properties of the membranes were investigated by using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flow rate method, and tensile testing. The results from SEM and water permeability revealed that the pore size and water permeability of the membranes in wet state changed drastically as a function of the concentration of H2SO4 and coagulation temperature, whereas they hardly changed with the coagulation time. RC membranes coagulated with the relatively dilute H2SO4 solution at relatively low temperature exhibited better mechanical properties. This work provided a promising way to prepare cellulose membranes with different pore sizes and good physical properties. 相似文献
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The biodegradable superhydrophobic cellulose sheets were fabricated by simple dissolution, controllable crystallization, coagulation, and Teflon dip-coat. The surface morphology of the superhydrophobic regenerated cel- lulose sheets is similar to that of the natural lotus leaves consisting of hierarchical micro/nano structures. The pre- pared cellulose sheets exhibit a remarkable suoerhvdroohobicity and satisfactory long-term chemical stabilitv. 相似文献