关于霍尔效应实验的误差分析

霍尔效应实验是一个受系统误差影响较大的实验,特别是在霍尔效应产生的同时,伴随产生的其他效应引起的附加电场对实验影响较大.本文简单介绍该实验的原理和实验误差的来源,使用Origin 6.0软件处理实验数据,分析附加电场对霍尔电压和电流线性关系的影响,以及对霍尔系数测量值的影响.结果表明:附加电场的存在不会影响所测霍尔电压和电流U-Is的线性关系,但对霍尔系数的测量有较大影响.     

光拍法测量光速实验精度影响因素的研究

分析了光拍法测量光速实验中对测量结果精度有影响的几个因素,通过实际实验测量数据对比表明,实验中这几种影响因素应给予重视,同时提出解决影响因素方法。     

用一次性输液器制作的两个实验仪器

我们在教学过程中发现,课本中一些演示实验和一些学生实验采用的器材可操作性不强,往往会影响实验的结果.如果把一些实验的器材在原来的基础上加以合理改进,减小原来实验器材不足存在的影响,可以使得一些实验的对比性增强,还会大大地提高一些实验的成功率.     

光电效应伏安特性实验改进研究

光电效应实验及理论解释,为量子理论的建立奠定了基础,在光电效应伏安特性实验中,如何有效减少实验影响因素,提高测量结果的精确度,成为光电效应伏安特性实验改进的一个关键点。本从光电效应实验测量的伏安曲线出发,分析理论与实验结果上的差异,提出了影响实验结果的因素以及相应的实验操作办法,为光电效应伏安特性实验的改进,获得更加精确的实验数据以及光电效应实验的应用奠定了基础。     

夫兰克—赫兹实验曲线分析方法的探讨

本文从影响实验的几个主要因素入手，分别分析其对实验的影响，使得实验曲线的由来变得简单、明了．     

关于DIS实验流程模式的理论探究

首先针对目前数字化实验教学研究重实践、轻理论的现状,指出了实验教学理论研究的必要性和紧迫性。然后根据DIS实验系统的特点和对实验教学过程的影响,提出了包含5个功能层面的完整实验体系的理论构想和实验流程模式的概念,并重点按照新的理论构想和分析方法,探讨传统实验和数字化实验在流程模式上的明显区别以及对课堂效果的影响,最后对DIS实验未来的发展提出建议。     

钠光双线光谱下测量平板玻璃折射率实验的优化设计

利用分光仪测量平板玻璃折射率实验中,由于钠光双线光谱的影响,干涉场中往往得不到足够多清晰的干涉条纹,影响实验测量.借助数值计算分析出钠光双线光谱对透射光干涉场分布以及条纹可见度的影响,综合考虑理论结果和工艺要求,选取反射率为0.6、楔角1′左右的平板玻璃,在实验中观测到足够多清晰的干涉条纹,满足实验测量.     

短周期涡轮实验的非稳态效应研究

近年来,短周期实验在涡轮研究领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,但是短周期实验过程中流场参数是不断变化的,这可能给实验结果带来不利的影响,降低了短周期实验的精度.本文针对某涡轮的短周期气动性能实验,通过非定常数值方法模拟了短周期实验过程中涡轮落压比和涡轮转速非稳态变化的过程,分析了短周期实验非稳态效应对实验结果的影响.数值模拟的结果表明.非稳态效应对涡轮扭矩、焓降、流量和效率的影响基本与单位压强变化率和单位转速变化率呈线性关系,非稳态效应对效率造成的误差通常在0.3%以内.本文使用的方法,可以推广到其他类型的短周期涡轮实验中用于分析实验非稳态效应,对于提高短周期实验台的精度、推广短周期实验技术是有意义的.     

间接比较法测量扭转常数K的误差分析

主要分析实验采用的间接比较法测量扭转常数的影响因素,并通过实验测量对比,探讨扭摆周期与标准件转动惯量对扭转常数K值测量的影响,得出待测物体的转动惯量与塑料标准件转动惯量相当才能减小实验测量误差的结论。     

激光监听实验的开设与研究

本文介绍了综合、设计性实验——激光监听实验的开设过程,以及对影响实验效果若干因素的研究。     

利用光镊技术演示光的自旋角动量

阐述了光与物体相互作用时自旋角动量的传递与扭力矩原理.基于光镊光致旋转原理,利用能够悬浮单个粒子的光镊技术并采用具有双折射特性的CaCO3晶体粒子,设计了微粒在不同偏振光场中的旋转运动实验内容,研究光与双折射晶体粒子相互作用产生的光致旋转效应,观察和测量由自旋角动量引起粒子的扭转力矩的大小、方向以及旋转速度等力学效应.     

Measuring the optical rotation based on the Fast Fourier Transform

Based on the structure of polarizer–Faraday modulator–analyzer, a method of measuring the optical rotation is proposed by using Fast Fourier Transform to analyze the output signal of optical material. The output signal detected by a photodetector comprises two AC components, which angular frequencies are ω and 2ω, respectively. So, the amplitude ratio of different frequency signals can be obtained by using the Fast Fourier Transform. According to the relationship between the amplitude ratio and optical rotation, the optical rotation of material can be detected. Furthermore, the experiment results show that the correlation coefficient between the measured optical rotation and the sugar solution concentration is found to be 0.99979.     

Manifestation of gyrotropy upon light scattering in paratellurite

Upon scattering of laser radiation at different wavelengths, three optical effects—rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light, dependence of the specific rotation on the radiation wavelength, and the dependence of the scattered light intensity on the angle between the scattered and incident beams—are simultaneously observed. The intensity distributions of the scattered laser light at 0.488, 0.531 nm, and 0.633 μm along the optical axis of a thick sample of a TeO₂ single crystal are visualized. Based on the patterns obtained, the values of the specific rotation are calculated, and the curve of the optical rotation for the visible range is obtained.     

碳酸钙微粒光致旋转的实验和理论研究

理论分析了由于光束轨道角动量和自旋角动量传递以及微粒的特殊形状导致微粒旋转的机理.实验建立了单光束激光光镊装置,不仅可以捕获并移动直径为微米量级的微小粒子,而且利用圆偏振光与微粒之间角动量的传递,实现了对具有双折射特性的碳酸钙微粒的光致旋转.实验中发现微粒的旋转不仅取决于光束的偏振态,还与微粒本身的形状有关,解释了实验中观察到的几种旋转现象.碳酸钙微粒旋转的最高转速达到12转/秒,转速与激光功率成正比.     

基于弹光调制的高灵敏旋光测量

为了实现连续稳定、高速、高精度和高灵敏度的光学旋光测量, 考虑到弹光偏振调制技术具有高的调制频率、调制纯度、调制精度和良好的调制稳定度等应用优势, 设计了一种基于弹光调制的旋光测量新方案. 检测激光经起偏器、测量样品、弹光调制器和检偏器到探测器的光路设计, 使得测量系统选用较少的光学器件, 最大化地降低了光学器件可能引入的测量误差; 起偏器和检偏器偏振轴相对于弹光调制器快轴方向分别取0°和45°的光学安排, 并选择弹光调制的二倍频信号作为研究对象, 有效避免了弹光调制器剩余双折射对旋光样品测量的影响, 提高了旋光测量精确度; 将探测器输出调制信号的直流和交流分开输出, 并将交流信号进行前置放大处理, 然后再锁相输出, 进一步提高了测量灵敏度. 设计了将激光调制为圆偏光, 然后精确调节起偏器来替代样品的旋光测量验证试验, 确定了系统旋光测量的比列系数, 并且获得旋光测量灵敏度为3.15×10^-7 rad, 测量精度优于0.3%. 所以, 本方案实现了较高灵敏度旋光测量, 有望应用于高灵敏旋光测量领域, 并且本方案的实验可为高灵敏旋光测量系统的定标提供参考.     

Ellipsometric measurement of magnetooptical nonreciprocal effects

To detect small rotation rates with a ring laser the two counter-propagating beams must be uncoupled. This lock-off can be realized using nonreciprocal optical effects yielding different optical path lengths for the two waves. Usually magnetooptical effects are employed for nonreciprocity. To measure, instead of calculating from optical constants, the magnitude of this nonreciprocal effects an ellipsometric method is proposed. Lock-off elements using Faraday or Kerr effect (polar and transverse, respectively) are treated. First measurements were made on FeNi films.     

Modeling and characterization of TFT-LCD display module for LED projector

We developed optical simulation models for TFT-LCD modules in LED projectors to study the effects of optical properties and light projection tilting angle on the transmission rate of liquid crystals. Optical properties for modules in each of the LCD panel layers were included in the study. The experiment for establishing crystal rotation was first constructed to measure changes in the transmission rate as light was projected on the LCD panel from different angles. The relationship between light attenuation and the allowable angles at which the LCD panel is able to allow light to shine through, was investigated. The results were used as parameters in the optical simulations. Through the use of LightTools, an optical software package, optical simulation was built for different modules in each of the LCD panel layers and optical simulation analysis was performed on the overall structure of the TFT-LCD panel. Results from the simulation analysis were compared with experimental results from scanning illumination measurement. The disparity between simulated and experimental values was less than 13%, ensuring the rationality and accuracy of the optical simulation.     

Optical properties of a polarizable linear magneto-cosserat fluid

General optical properties of polarizable linear magneto-Cosserat fluids are investigated. The constitutive dielectric tensor is generalized to include the effects of magnetic field and rotation vector, and the general expression for the refractive index is obtained. If the optical effects of the magnetic field and rotation vector are negligible, the fluid shows the same birefringent phenomena as a stokesian fluid and if the effect of magnetic field or rotation vector is dominant, the fluid shows double circular refraction. The coupling effect of the magnetic field and rotation vector is considered and special cases of slow motion and low conductivity are also discussed.     

Self-rotation of optical polarization in rubidium vapor

We present an experimental and theoretical study of self-rotation of optical polarization in a rubidium vapor.The atomic vapor is placed in a magnetic shielding cavity to suppress the Faraday rotation effect.In our experiment,Doppler-free spectroscopy configuration is used,and F = 2 → F ’ = 3 transition of 87Rb D2 line is chosen.We observe self-rotation of optical polarization effect at different pump light ellipticities.A theoretical analysis is then provided based on the experimental conditions.Theoretical simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.     

Optical structures formed by combined field transformations in a nonlinear interferometer

By means of a numerical experiment, an investigation was carried out of the characteristics for generating optical structures in a Fizeau interferometer with Kerr nonlinearity under the effect of combined large-scale transformation of the optical field in the feedback profile by: shifting the interferometer mirror, rotation of the optical field, and compression (expansion) of the laser beam. New types of structures are predicted. From the scale of these listed effects it is established that the combined effect of all three factors is not limited to the sum of their effects. An explanation for the specific structure formations is proposed. Analogs to these rules can be found in the results of actual experiments.Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 20–22, February, 1995.