Analysis of the bandwidth of resonant spectra for tilted fiber grating

Based on the coupled-mode equations, the formula of null-null bandwidth for tilted fiber grating is deduced in this paper. Numerical simulations and theoretical analysis of the effects of the tilt angle on bandwidth and maximum reflectivity are performed. Furthermore, under the maximum reflection of 95%, the relation of bandwidth with the tilt angle, modulation amplitude, and the needed length of grating are demonstrated in two three-dimensional diagrams. It reveals that the grating tilt can obviously narrow the bandwidth, especially in the case of large modulation amplitude and grating length, which is meaningful to its application in optical communications and fiber sensing.     

新型光纤光栅中心波长与带宽独立调谐方法

提出了一种新型光纤光栅中心波长与带宽独立调谐方法，将光纤光栅沿圆柱形弹性梁的轴向成一定角度粘贴于侧面，通过改变梁的扭转角与侧向位移，实现了光纤布拉格光栅中心波长与带宽的准线性独立调谐，实验上获得了8．28nm准无啁啾波长调谐和5．32nm准无中心波长漂移的带宽调谐，实验结果与理论分析一致.     

带有对称啁啾光纤光栅的Sagnac环滤波器

通过在光纤Sagnac环中引入对称啁啾光纤光栅,对带有光纤光栅的Sagnac环梳状滤波器进行了改进,克服了原有滤波器工作带宽小、通带间隔不等的缺点.通过对光栅参量进行适当设计,在中等折射率调制度下,可使光栅同时具有高反射率和大反射带宽,结合Sagnac环可得到大带宽、等间隔梳状滤波器.     

极窄带宽的布拉格光纤光栅光谱特性研究

根据理想模展开下的耦合模方程，对光纤布拉格光栅的峰值反射率公式进行了数学推导，得到了布拉格光纤光栅的光谱反射率表达式。全面讨论了光栅周期、光纤栅长、光致折射率微扰最大值等参数与光纤光栅反射光谱的关系。仿真结果显示了固定参数下布拉格光栅的极限窄带宽，得到的反射率为1、带宽为0.02nm的窄带宽布拉格光栅，比现今分布式传感系统中使用的布拉格光栅的带宽窄1个数量级。这种布拉格光纤光栅用于分布式传感系统，可大大提高分布式传感系统中光源的带宽利用率，消除各信号间的相互串扰，提高传感光栅复用数目，降低解调系统成本。     

带宽可调的斜边光纤光栅滤波器的设计与制作

基于遗传算法设计了斜边三角形光纤光栅(EFBG)的折射率调制函数;提出了光纤外径沿轴向变化、在拉应力下可获得可调谐的斜边三角形光纤光栅;计算分析了该器件多个物理参量对反射光谱的影响。在实验中,采用紫外激光扫描辐照方法,制备了短波边斜边带宽为0．7nm、反射率为96％的斜边三角形光纤光栅;采用程序控制氢氟酸腐蚀方法获得外径从原始62．5μm减小到45μm、在85mm长度内按设计要求变化的光纤光栅。对该光纤光栅施加从。到1．715N变化的拉力时,其反射光谱短波边的斜边带宽从0．7nm增加到2．3nm,实现了一种带宽大范围可调的斜边光纤光栅。     

Design for broadband high-efficiency grating couplers

In this Letter, we propose general optimization methods to design broadband high-efficiency grating couplers for planar waveguides. We attribute the coupling bandwidth to the mismatch of effective indices between the diffracted beam and the actual grating structure around the operation wavelength for fiber to waveguide excitation. The coupling bandwidth formula is deduced. A simple parameter-separate optimization procedure is proposed for general layered grating couplers for high coupling efficiency. Using our principle, we optimized a grating coupler for a horizontal slot waveguide operating at wavelength 1.55 μm for TM polarization. The grating coupler has 1 dB bandwidth of 60 nm and coupling efficiency of 65% with incident light from single-mode optical fiber (SMF) at 8°.     

三角形大带宽反射光谱光纤光栅的设计和制备

反射谱具有三角形形状的光纤光栅在光纤传感等领域中具有重要的应用前景。利用遗传算法设计出了产生三角形光谱分布的光纤光栅的耦合系数沿光纤的分布。计算表明,三角形光谱光纤光栅是可以实现的,其反射带宽可以通过光栅的啁啾量进行调节,常周期的三角光栅反射带宽小,变周期的三角光栅反射带宽大,其带宽同其啁啾量大致相等。实验中,采用光束扫描法制备了反射底宽为0．77nm三角形光谱的光纤光栅。     

利用光纤光栅在双侧悬臂梁中的啁啾实现对挠度和应力的传感研究

报道一种利用双侧悬臂梁展宽光纤光栅带宽实现对挠度和应力线性传感的新方法,理论研究与实验结果表明,光纤光栅的带宽对挠度及外力均很敏感,并呈线性关系,实验上传感范围超过17nm,传感灵敏度分别达到0．658nm/mm及5．32nm/N。     

光纤激光器中激光波长相对于光纤光栅反射中心的偏移

在用光纤布拉格光栅作为反射器的掺镱光纤激光器的输出光谱中发现激光波长相对于光纤光栅反射中心偏移的现象，偏移量相当于光纤光栅反射带宽的一半。通过实验证明偏移现象与光纤光栅的反射特性和热效应无关，并且在不同的温度和不同的光纤光栅反射波长的情况下都得到了同样的结果。采用激光增益线形的有关理论，对这一现象进行了分析，实验结果与理论分析相一致。     

啁啾长周期光纤光栅的超宽带滤波特性及其切趾优化

基于光纤光栅的模式耦合理论,采用传输矩阵法对啁啾长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的超宽带滤波特性进行了分析。研究表明当啁啾LPFG的纤芯模同时与同向传输的多个阶次的包层模发生耦合,且与多个不同阶次包层模对应的谐振峰交叠时,其传输谱带宽可扩展到500nm以上,可用做超宽带带阻滤波器。传输谱带宽随模式序数、啁啾系数、光栅长度、周期和折射率调制量的增加单调递增,但随光纤包层半径的增大单调递减。采用高斯折射率切趾技术抑制了传输谱旁瓣,为设计超宽带滤波器提供了新的方法。     

Fiber Sagnac Loop Filter with a Symmetrical Piecewise Uniform FBG

We propose a novel comb filter by using a symmetrical piecewise uniform fiber Bragg grating (S-PUFBG) in a Sagnac interferometer. The filter has wide bandwidth, equal passband spacing, and low insertion loss. The total transmission bandwidth is determined by the number and the parameters of the grating segments, while the transmission spectrum can be cosine modulated to realize comb-like filtering, and the modulating frequency can be controlled by adjusting the fiber length difference in the Sagnac loop.     

Improving the performance of fiber gratings with cladding being etched as hyperbolic function

A new grating structure of cladding being etched as hyperbolic function along the grating length is introduced to improve their performance. The fiber grating exhibits a flattop spectrum with steep edges and high reflectivity when tension is applied to it. The bandwidth utilization defined as the ratio of −1:−30 could be achieved a larger value (>0.9689). The −3 dB bandwidth and the bandwidth utilization could be tunable with the increment of tension applied to the grating and the etch factor.     

Bandpass filter with adjustable bandwidth based on a press-induced long-period twisted holey-fiber grating

A bandpass filter with adjustable bandwidth based on a press-induced long-period grating in a twisted holey fiber is presented. By twisting the holey fiber prior to the application of periodic pressure, each rejection band of the nontwisted induced long-period grating is split into two shifted rejection bands that move further apart as the twist ratio increases. This feature results in a wide bandpass filter with controllable bandwidth. A bandpass filter at 1523 nm with adjustable bandwidth from 15 to 65 nm with near-linear response and insertion loss lower than 0.7 dB is demonstrated. Additionally, the bandpass filter can be tuned over 100 nm.     

Wavelength-spacing-tunable multichannel filter incorporating a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating based on a symmetrical chirp-tuning technique without center wavelength shift

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and flexible scheme for a wavelength-spacing-tunable multichannel filter exploiting a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating based on a symmetrical modification of the chirp ratio. Symmetrical bending along a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating attached to a flexible cantilever beam induces a variation of the chirp ratio and a reflection chirp bandwidth of the grating without a center wavelength shift. Accordingly, the wavelength spacing of a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating is continuously controlled by the reflection chirp bandwidth variation of the grating corresponding to the bending direction, which allows for realization of an effective wavelength-spacing-tunable multichannel filter. Based on the proposed technique, we achieve the continuous tunability of the wavelength spacing in a range from 1.51 to 6.11 nm, depending on the bending direction of the cantilever beam.     

一种新颖的高灵敏度光纤光栅带宽调谐机构

设计了一种由一直梁和两个半圆拱组成的开口环结构,并将均匀光纤布拉格光栅斜贴于直梁中间的表面处。对两半圆拱施加与直梁方向平行的应力作用时,光纤光栅受到线性应力场的作用,光纤布拉格光栅即转化为啁啾光纤光栅。该机构实现了光纤光栅带宽的线性调谐,线性度高达0．9982,实验结果与理论分析一致。与以往的带宽调谐机构相比,该机构具有很高的应力灵敏度,在20N力的作用下,可产生约7nm的带宽反射,灵敏度达0．34nm／N。利用环境温度对带宽调谐无影响的特性,采用带宽编码技术,研制出具有温度自动补偿特性、高灵敏度的带宽调谐装置。     

Improving the performance of chirped fiber grating with cladding being etched as sinusoidal function

A new grating structure of cladding being etched as sinusoidal function along the grating length is introduced to improve their performance. When a tension is applied to it, the fiber grating not only exhibits a flattop spectrum with steep edges and high reflectivity, but also has a smoothly time delay curve. The bandwidth utilization defined as the ratio of −1:−30 could be achieved a larger value (>0.90). The −3 dB bandwidth and the bandwidth utilization could be tunable with the increment of tension applied to the grating and the linearly chirped modulus.     

Effects of group-delay difference on ultrashort pulse propagation in an active nonlinear LPFG

The effects of group-delay difference in an active nonlinear long-period fiber grating (LPFG) made in an erbium-doped amplifying fiber (EDF) are investigated by proposing a general model that include the effects of detuning, group-delay difference, gain saturation, gain bandwidth and Kerr nonlinearity. In particular, we observe a new feature caused by the interaction between the group-delay difference and the gain bandwidth: the pulse breakup effect due to the group-delay difference can be suppressed by the finite bandwidth of the linear gain.     

倾斜Bragg光纤光栅反射谱特性理论和实验研究

光纤Bragg光栅在通信和传感领域有着广泛的应用。根据倾斜光纤Bragg光栅的结构特点，利用耦合模原理，运用传输矩阵法，模拟分析了倾斜角度对光纤Bragg光栅反射特性的影响，并用实验对模拟结果进行了验证。实验和模拟结果表明：随着倾斜角的增大，中心反射波长向长波方向移动，反射带宽变窄，反射率减小。这个结论对倾斜Bragg光纤光栅的生产和应用有一定的指导作用。     

双带通啁啾光纤光栅光谱特性仿真及分析

针对啁啾光纤光栅的带通滤波特性,设计了纤芯/包层复合结构的啁啾光纤光栅滤波器.基于光纤耦合模和传输矩阵理论及坐标变换方法,对其光谱特性进行仿真分析,验证了该光栅的双带通滤波特性;对周期为536、537、538nm,长度为8、10、12mm,折射率调试深度为0.0002、0.0003、0.0004,啁啾系数为0.05、0...     

带宽调制型单光纤光栅温变无补偿位移传感

报道了利用反射谱带宽调制和光强差分探测技术实现单一光纤光栅温变无补偿位移精确测量的新方法。设计了一种结构新颖的曲臂梁位移传感装置,结合光波导理论与材料力学原理分析了光纤光栅在高斯应变作用下光栅反射谱侧向梯度展宽的成因,理论推导了特殊结构梁在外力作用下光栅反射谱带宽/反射光强与压力之间的响应关系。光栅反射谱侧向梯度展宽的同时反射光强线性增加,利用光强差分检测方法消除光源出光抖动的影响,提高了位移测量精度。基于带宽调制的光纤光栅位移传感方法免受温度变化的影响,在-10℃~80℃的温度变化范围内,测量误差小于1.2%,实现了单光纤光栅温变无补偿位移测量。