受支架支撑的血管管壁变形及应力分析

摘要：为了计算动脉粥样硬化和局部斑块形成的堵塞对血管壁工作状态的影响,本文根据血液流动的连续性方程、运动方程及管壁运动方程,在给定了血压波形函数的基础上,求得了狭窄血管管壁的径向位移及环向应力。分析了不同狭窄程度对血管壁变形及应力的影响;给出了不同狭窄情况下及局部斑块硬化程度不同时,血管植入支架所需的作用力。从而计算出了植入支架后血管壁的径向位移及应力状态。本文的研究结果可供临床上对狭窄血管植入支架后的变形与受力分析,和支架的正确安放参考,可避免发生堵塞严重或血管过渡硬化时,由于安放支架不当而使发生血管破裂的医疗事故。     

静压沉桩挤土机理探讨及有限元分析

针对预制桩在静压沉桩过程中出现的挤土现象,从土体小主应力方向加载的角度考虑,视浅层土体的隆起为小主应力方向(水平向)加载引起大主应力(垂直向应力)增加所致.在已有的柱形小孔扩张理论基础上,通过引入考虑位移的土压力计算方法提出了桩周土体隆起分界面表达式.利用该表达式分析浅层土体的隆起量,并利用Randolph提出的深层土体径向位移解析公式给出深层土体的变形量.最后运用有限元数值模拟计算与本文的数值解答进行对比分析,结果相近.     

冠状动脉支架力学性能的理论和实验研究

冠状动脉支架必须具备的力学性能为:传送时的纵向柔软性,由球囊充压扩张时的动力大变形性能,在血管内支撑血管回缩压力的抗屈曲性能,以及术后金属支架留存在血管内的抗疲劳性能.本文内容分两部分:1、综述和评论支架的上述四种力学性能,2、重点论述金属支架纵向柔软性的最新研究结果.支架的结构刚度有离散性,介入治疗的要求和受力情况复杂,目前支架的力学性能质量标准尚未完善建立,支架结构设计中力学问题的处理仍存在盲目性.本文对于制定支架力学性能的质量标准以及改进和提高支架网架结构的力学性能设计都具有重要意义.     

非牛顿流体在渐变管中压力和剪切应力的二次摄动解

本文利用双摄动方法求解缓慢变化管道中Johnson-Segalman(J-S)流体流动的渐近解．将管道的扩张（或收缩）角度和粘弹性参数分别作为双摄动的参数，由流函数和涡量函数的形式，推导出压力和壁面剪切应力的渐近解．在此基础上，分析了管道角度，粘弹性参数和雷诺数等参数对压力以及剪切力影响．主要结论如下：(1) 管道扩张角度增加时，流向同一位置处径向压力以及壁面剪切应力随扩张角度减小；(2) 在同一扩张管道中，径向压力随着流向位移减小，收缩管与之相反；(3) 扩张角度与雷诺数对流场起主导作用，粘弹性系数起次要作用．     

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF DEGRADABLE POLYMER VASCULAR STENT STRUCTURE

聚合物血管支架由于材料刚度较低导致其径向支撑能力相对于金属血管支架较弱,通常采用增大支架筋宽和厚度的方式来提高其径向支撑能力,但这不仅会降低支架的柔顺性能,减小血管管腔获得面积,还会增大表面覆盖率,从而增大支架内再狭窄的风险.为了设计出具有较小筋宽和厚度的聚合物血管支架,提高其径向支撑能力,本文采用一种将Kriging代理模型和有限元方法相结合的优化方法来优化支架的结构.采用Kriging代理模型建立设计目标和设计变量之间近似的函数关系,采用优化拉丁超立方抽样方法选取初始样本点,采用EI函数平衡局部和全局搜索,以便获得全局最优解.选取ART18Z聚合物支架作为算例,首先将支架的筋宽和厚度各减小0.02 mm,然后采用优化方法优化ART18Z支架的几何结构参数.数值结果表明,优化后ART18Z支架的综合服役性能得到改善,文中提出的优化方法能有效地应用于聚合物血管支架的优化设计.     

可降解聚合物血管支架结构优化设计

聚合物血管支架由于材料刚度较低导致其径向支撑能力相对于金属血管支架较弱,通常采用增大支架筋宽和厚度的方式来提高其径向支撑能力,但这不仅会降低支架的柔顺性能,减小血管管腔获得面积,还会增大表面覆盖率,从而增大支架内再狭窄的风险.为了设计出具有较小筋宽和厚度的聚合物血管支架,提高其径向支撑能力,本文采用一种将Kriging代理模型和有限元方法相结合的优化方法来优化支架的结构.采用Kriging代理模型建立设计目标和设计变量之间近似的函数关系,采用优化拉丁超立方抽样方法选取初始样本点,采用EI函数平衡局部和全局搜索,以便获得全局最优解.选取ART18Z聚合物支架作为算例,首先将支架的筋宽和厚度各减小0.02 mm,然后采用优化方法优化ART18Z支架的几何结构参数.数值结果表明,优化后ART18Z支架的综合服役性能得到改善,文中提出的优化方法能有效地应用于聚合物血管支架的优化设计.     

CE/SE方法在内弹道瞬态两相流中的应用

根据CE/SE方法思想,构造在变换坐标系下内弹道两相流动数值计算的 格式. 采用此格式研究了膛内瞬态二维两相流动点火过程. 数值计算结果反映实际 规律并和试验结果符合. 结果表明,对中心点火方式,在点传火过程初期,膛内压力在 径向和轴向上存在较大的压力梯度,当火药全部着火后,药室内压力在径向上逐渐趋于 一致. 这表明CE/SE方法能够完全模拟瞬态二维两相流动的情况.     

考虑渗流影响的球孔扩张理论解答

为研究沉桩过程中渗流作用下球孔扩张引起的土体力学响应,基于桩端应力为三轴压缩状态下的空间滑动面(SMP)准则和非相关联流动法则,考虑渗流和剪胀特性等因素的综合影响,结合弹塑性边界条件推导了饱和无黏性土球孔扩张问题的弹塑性解答。利用体积守恒并考虑塑性区的弹性变形条件,得出了极限扩孔压力的理论解答。在此基础上,通过与不考虑渗流影响的球孔扩张解答对比,研究了渗流体积力对球孔扩张中应力和塑性区半径的影响。研究结果表明:随着渗流体积力的增大,扩孔压力和塑性区半径均减小;剪胀特性对土体的位移和变形影响显著,随着剪胀角的增加,扩孔周围土体的径向位移减小,并沿径向逐渐趋于零;随着土体强度的增大,扩孔压力明显增大。该解答可为富水工程中进行扩底沉桩等岩土渗流问题提供必要的理论依据。     

饱和黏土中考虑土塞效应的柱孔扩张分析

为研究静压开口管桩的挤土效应,在考虑土塞效应的前提下,采用柱孔扩张理论对管桩压入饱和软黏土时的扩孔过程进行了分析。基于可以合理描述黏性土强度特性的拓展Lade-Duncan屈服准则,对柱孔扩张过程中的桩周土体进行了弹塑性理论推导,得到了桩周土体应力场、位移场、塑性区半径、极限扩孔压力和塑性区外侧边界径向位移的解析解。在此基础上,通过室内模型实验获得了软土中开口管桩的土塞高度,且运用等效替代法验证了理论解答的合理性;并通过引入土塞长度比对参数进行了分析。结果表明:在沉桩过程中随着土塞长度比的增大,塑性区半径、极限扩孔压力和塑性区外侧边界径向位移均逐渐减小;土体的剪切模量和黏聚力对沉桩挤土效应有显著的影响,挤土效应始终随着土塞效应的增强而减弱。该研究成果对开口管桩工程的实际应用具有一定理论指导意义。     

混凝土保护层锈胀开裂过程分析的细观刚体弹簧元模型

建立了描述保护层锈胀开裂过程的细观刚体弹簧元模型(RBSM),获得了锈胀裂缝的扩展过程和保护层的力学响应。数值结果表明,锈胀裂缝开展过程与试验现象较为一致;混凝土采用弹性本构关系时,平均锈胀压力-径向位移曲线的斜率(模型刚度)与厚壁圆筒模型理论值接近;采用软化本构关系时,平均锈胀压力峰值与理论值接近,从而验证了本文模型的正确性。此外,探讨了保护层厚度和钢筋直径对锈胀过程力学响应的影响规律。结果表明,保护层厚度减小将导致峰值锈胀压力和径向位移降低;钢筋直径增大同样会导致峰值锈胀压力降低,对应的径向位移整体上呈现随钢筋直径增大而减小的趋势。     

On the Role of In-Plane Compliance in Edge Wrinkling

Bifurcations of a thin circular elastic plate subjected to uniform normal pressure are investigated by taking into account the in-plane compliance of the edge restraint. This effect amounts to introducing a Hookean spring relating the radial components of the membrane stress tensor and the corresponding in-plane displacement fields. The addition of this new feature gives rise to an adaptive radial stretching of our configuration, which is intimately linked to the strength of the applied pressure. The Föppl-von Kármán nonlinear plate theory, in conjunction with singular perturbation arguments, help us to establish the nature of the localised wrinkling observed in numerical simulations. Asymptotic analysis of the problem provides some simple qualitative predictions for the dependence of the critical load on a number of key dimensionless parameters.     

Numerical investigation on dynamic characteristics of drilling shaft in deep hole drilling influenced by minimal quantity lubrication

The dynamic characteristics of drilling shaft in deep hole drilling influenced by minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) is investigated. According to the features of the compressible fluid Reynolds equation in oil/air feature, a time-dependent mathematical model is established to describe the pressure distribution of cutting fluid with nonlinearity in MQL deep hole drilling. By introducing the differential transformation approach, the time-dependent pressure equation arising from cutting fluid is solved by the use of direct integral method. The influences of the rotational speed, the transverse displacement ratio, and radial clearance on the hydrodynamic pressure distribution of cutting fluid are obtained. The advantage of this method is to overcome much of the computational cost and has its rapid convergence rate. Furthermore, the nonlinear responses of drilling shaft influenced by MQL are analyzed, and the instability rotational speeds of drilling tool are discussed while the design parameters of drilling shaft system changing.     

Thermo-magnetic analysis of thick-walled spherical pressure vessels made of functionally graded materials

This study presents an analytical solution of thermal and mechanical displacements, strains, and stresses for a thick-walled rotating spherical pressure vessel made of functionally graded materials(FGMs). The pressure vessel is subject to axisymmetric mechanical and thermal loadings within a uniform magnetic field. The material properties of the FGM are considered as the power-law distribution along the thickness. Navier's equation, which is a second-order ordinary differential equation, is derived from the mechanical equilibrium equation with the consideration of the thermal stresses and the Lorentz force resulting from the magnetic field. The distributions of the displacement,strains, and stresses are determined by the exact solution to Navier's equation. Numerical results clarify the influence of the thermal loading, magnetic field, non-homogeneity constant, internal pressure, and angular velocity on the magneto-thermo-elastic response of the functionally graded spherical vessel. It is observed that these parameters have remarkable effects on the distributions of radial displacement, radial and circumferential strains, and radial and circumferential stresses.     

Magnetothermoelastic stress and perturbation of magnetic field vector in a functionally graded hollow sphere

In this article, a closed-form solution for one-dimensional magnetothermoelastic problem in a functionally graded material (FGM) hollow sphere placed in uniform magnetic and temperature fields subjected to an internal pressure is obtained using the infinitesimal theory of magnetothermoelasticity. Hyper-geometric functions are employed to solve the governing equation. The material properties through the graded direction are assumed to be nonlinear with an exponential distribution. The nonhomogeneity of the material in the radial direction is assumed to be exponential. The temperature, displacement and stress fields and the perturbation of magnetic field vector are determined and compared with those of the homogeneous case. Hence, the effect of inhomogeneity on the stresses and the perturbation of magnetic field vector distribution are demonstrated. The results of this study are applicable for designing optimum FGM hollow spheres.     

Elastoplastic analysis of cylindrically orthotropic composite thick-walled tube

In the present paper, Tsai-Hill Yield Criterion in a state of plane strain is derived for incompressible and compressible materials respectively. the elastoplastic stress and displacement fields of cylindrically orthotropic composite thick-walled tube under uniform radial pressure are studied. The formulas of the yield pressure, limit pressure and region of shakedown are obtained.     

Geometrically nonlinear vibration of laminated composite cylindrical thin shells with non-continuous elastic boundary conditions

The geometrically nonlinear forced vibration response of non-continuous elastic-supported laminated composite thin cylindrical shells is investigated in this paper. Two kinds of non-continuous elastic supports are simulated by using artificial springs, which are point and arc constraints, respectively. By using a set of Chebyshev polynomials as the admissible displacement function, the nonlinear differential equation of motion of the shell subjected to periodic radial point loading is obtained through the Lagrange equations, in which the geometric nonlinearity is considered by using Donnell’s nonlinear shell theory. Then, these equations are solved by using the numerical method to obtain nonlinear amplitude–frequency response curves. The numerical results illustrate the effects of spring stiffness and constraint range on the nonlinear forced vibration of points-supported and arcs-supported laminated composite cylindrical shells. The results reveal that the geometric nonlinearity of the shell can be changed by adjusting the values of support stiffness and distribution areas of support, and the values of circumferential and radial stiffness have a more significant influence on amplitude–frequency response than the axial and torsional stiffness.

     

NONLINEAR THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR THE INTER-SHAFT BEARING UNDER THE DYNAMIC LOAD 1)

中介轴承作为双转子系统高低压转子重要的支承部件,其内圈和外圈均随着低压转子和高压转子高速旋转, 其传热问题更加突出.本文研究中介轴承在非线性动载荷作用下的非线性热行为.基于双转子系统动力学响应定义中介轴承动载荷,考虑中介轴承的径向游隙、分数指数非线性和参数激励等非线性因素,中介轴承动载荷会出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性行为. 考虑润滑剂的黏温关系,根据Palmgren经验公式建立动载荷作用下中介轴承的热传递模型,通过数值求解得到中介轴承稳态温度,发现动载荷的非线性行为导致中介轴承温度出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性热行为.分析转速比、偏心距、中介轴承径向游隙、Hertz接触刚度和滚子数目对中介轴承温度及非线性热行为的影响,表明偏心距、径向游隙和刚度只影响非线性热行为,而转速比和滚子数目对两者都有重要影响. 本文研究表明,动载荷相较于静载荷更适合描述中介轴承的实际载荷,由于双转子系统具有非线性振动特性, 中介轴承的热行为也表现出复杂的非线性行为.     

动载荷作用下中介轴承的非线性热行为研究

中介轴承作为双转子系统高低压转子重要的支承部件,其内圈和外圈均随着低压转子和高压转子高速旋转, 其传热问题更加突出.本文研究中介轴承在非线性动载荷作用下的非线性热行为.基于双转子系统动力学响应定义中介轴承动载荷,考虑中介轴承的径向游隙、分数指数非线性和参数激励等非线性因素,中介轴承动载荷会出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性行为. 考虑润滑剂的黏温关系,根据Palmgren经验公式建立动载荷作用下中介轴承的热传递模型,通过数值求解得到中介轴承稳态温度,发现动载荷的非线性行为导致中介轴承温度出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性热行为.分析转速比、偏心距、中介轴承径向游隙、Hertz接触刚度和滚子数目对中介轴承温度及非线性热行为的影响,表明偏心距、径向游隙和刚度只影响非线性热行为,而转速比和滚子数目对两者都有重要影响. 本文研究表明,动载荷相较于静载荷更适合描述中介轴承的实际载荷,由于双转子系统具有非线性振动特性, 中介轴承的热行为也表现出复杂的非线性行为.      

Stability analysis of radial inflation of incompressible composite rubber tubes

The inflation mechanism is examined for a composite cylindrical tube composed of two incompressible rubber materials, and the inner surface of the tube is subjected to a suddenly applied radial pressure. The mathematical model of the problem is formulated, and the corresponding governing equation is reduced to a second-order ordinary differential equation by means of the incompressible condition of the material, the boundary conditions, and the continuity conditions of the radial displacement and the radial stress of the cylindrical tube. Moreover, the first integral of the equation is obtained. The qualitative analyses of static inflation and dynamic inflation of the tube are presented. Particularly, the effects of material parameters, structure parameters, and the radial pressure on radial inflation and nonlinearly periodic oscillation of the tube are discussed by combining numerical examples.