LaNi5-xMx高温氢化的歧化行为

采用Ｘ射线衍射、差热分析及电化学方法，研究了吸氢合金ＬａＮｉ５－ｘ－Ｍｘ（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ，Ｃｏ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ａｌ）在高温氢化反应时的歧化行为及其反应产物的电化学性能。ＬａＮｉ５－ｘＭｘ在２．５ＭＰａ氢压和５５０℃以上保温一地间后可发生明显的歧化反应，并析出纳米相镍。歧化反应的程度与加热温度、时间、第三组元Ｍ及合金的生成焓关系密切。电化学交换电流密度测定表明，经歧化反应得到的含纳米相镍的复相组织与原始合金     

氢中杂质CO对LaNi5,LaNi4.7Al0.3,MlNi4.5Al0.5合金PCT特性的影响

研究了 3种贮氢合金 ,即LaNi5 ,LaNi4.7Al0 .3,MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 在纯氢 ( 99 999% )及含 0 0 1%CO气体杂质氢中毒化前后的PCT特性。对于LaNi5 ,毒化后不出现平台 ;对LaNi4.7Al0 .3及MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 合金 ,平台压升高 ,平台倾斜加剧 ,平台宽度缩小 ,饱和吸氢量减小。LaNi5 中加入少量Al后 ,可以提高其抗毒化能力。分析了PCT平台变短、倾斜的原因。     

HDDR过程中三元和多元Nd-Fe-B合金磁畴结构的MFM研究

用磁力显微镜研究了三元Nd-Fe-B合金在HDDR过程的不同阶段(铸态、不充分吸氢歧化、充分吸氢歧化和脱氢再复合)的破畴结构。在铸态样品表面清楚地观察到了易磁化轴互相垂直的柱状晶表面的两类磁畴图型。当样品不充分吸氢歧化和充分吸氢歧化时，破畴结构明显发生变化，反映了Nd-Fe-B的分解产物NdH2，α-Fe和Fe2B及其微晶结构的变化。脱氢再复合后形成的微晶的磁畴结构则表明样品保留了铸态样品柱状晶的构型。此外，还对比研究了多元Nd-Fe-B合金在HDDR过程中的磁畴结构，并根据微磁结构分析，指出过量的Ga元素添加可抑制Nd2(Fe，M)14B相的吸氢歧化，从而导致相应HDDR粘结磁体性能降低。     

纳米晶镍—钼合金电沉积层的结构与性能

通过控电流沉积制备出纳米晶镍钼合金沉积层,沉积层的ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ结果表明,纳米晶镍钼合金沉积层存在较大的晶格畸变,其微晶尺寸为１７ｎｍ,纳米合金各元素的结合能发生了不同程度的位移．在３０％的ＫＯＨ溶液中纳米晶镍钼合金电极对析氢反应表现出较高的电催化活性．电化学交流阻抗谱表明,析氢过程按ＶｏｌｍｅｒＨｅｙｒｏｖｓｋｙ机理进行．     

稀土元素对R-Y-Ni系A2B7型无镁储氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼及退火处理制备R-Y-Ni系A_2B_7型R0.3Y0.7Ni3.25Mn0.15Al0.1(R=Y,La,Pr,Ce,Nd,Gd,Sm)储氢合金,系统研究稀土元素R对合金微观组织与结构、储氢和电化学性能的影响。XRD和SEM-EDS分析表明,合金退火组织由Ce2Ni7型主相、PuNi3型及少量Ca Cu5型相组成,Ce2Ni7型主相的晶格常数a、c及晶胞体积V均随稀土R原子半径的减小而依次降低。该合金均具有明显的吸放氢平台,常温下最大吸氢容量为1.17%~1.48%(w/w),吸氢平台压Peq为0.037~0.194 MPa。电化学分析表明,退火合金电极的电化学活化性能优良,R=La合金具有最高的放电容量(389.2 mAh·g-1)和较佳的容量保持率(充放电循环100次后的S100=85.7%),其中合金微观组织的不均匀性及稀土元素的电化学腐蚀是影响电极循环稳定性的主要原因。合金电极的高倍率放电性能(电流密度为900 m A·g-1)HRD900=71.05%~86.94%,其电极反应动力学控制步骤主要由氢原子在合金体相中的扩散速率所控制。     

MmB5贮氢合金的结构和性能

近十年未对AB5型合金的研究表明，某些多元取代的LaNi5基合金可作为MH／Ni电池的负极材料，且具有容量大，寿命长等优点[1，2]．LaNi5虽然具有吸放氢量较大、平台氢压平整和压力滞后小等优良性能，但不耐硷腐蚀、吸氢后易粉化，其氢化物的分解氢压较高，故不能作为负板材料．以Co部分地取代Ni可有效地降低氢化物的分解氢压·混合稀土（Mm）取代La，虽容量有所下降，但从原料成本上看是有益的．本工作试图从MmB5多元合金晶体结构的研究，来探讨Mm中La和Ce的相对含量对吸放氢性能和电化学容量的影响．1实验Mllin。合金样品由金属Ni，…     

过化学计量比La(NiMnFe)6.0贮氢合金的晶体结构和电化学性能

详细研究了无Co过化学计量比合金LaNi(4.75-x)FexMn1.25及LaNi4.75Mn(1.25-x)Fex(x=0.2～0.7)在1000℃168 h固溶及均匀化退火条件下合金的相结构及电化学性能.X射线衍射(XRD)及能谱分析(EDS)表明,La(NiMnFe)6.0退火合金由过化学计量比CaCu5型结构吸氢主相和含Ni-Fe-Mn三元组分少量的第二相组成.当Fe元素替代合金中的Ni时,合金晶胞体积增大,主相的化学计量比及Mn的固溶度有所增加.而当Fe元素替代合金中的Mn时,合金的晶胞体积减小,主相的化学计量比减小.电化学测试表明,Fe替代合金中的Ni时合金电极的放电容量较低但循环稳定性好;Fe替代Mn时合金电极放电容量较高但循环稳定性差.分析原因可能是由于两系列合金中Mn原子哑铃对数量上的差别所引起的,并基于B端双原子哑铃占位模型分析了合金B端组成和结构对合金电极性能的影响,提出了改善合金综合电化学性能的方法.     

AB5型多元贮氢合金的化学制备及其性能研究

LaNi5贮氢合金在传统的贮氢应用中得到利用而被充分的研究，但LaNi5用作电池的电极太贵，不稳定，对腐蚀太敏感，而且吸放氢过程中晶胞过度膨胀和收缩，吸放氢前后体积变化率大，从而导致合金严重粉化。为了克服这些缺点，人们采用添加辅助元素部分取代基本元素的方法。即用混     

负载型LaNi5合金催化剂的制备及甲苯加氢性能的研究

采用燃烧还原法制备了LaNi5合金单体,并通过球磨法将其负载到介孔分子筛MCM-41上．利用XRD,TEM对催化剂的晶相结构和形貌进行分析．结果表明,负载后的LaNi5颗粒粒径明显减小,粒径为几个到几十个纳米,制得了负载型纳米LaNi5催化剂．通过甲苯加氢反应测试催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,负载后的LaNi5催化剂催化活性比LaNi5单体有较大的提高,合金含量为40％时达到最大转化率．     

AB2型La1-xMgxNi2．28（X=0．0—0．6）贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的研究

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备La1-xMgxNi2.28(x=0.0～0.6)贮氢电极合金,采用FESEM,EDS,XRD,p-c-t测试及三电极电化学性能测试研究合金的相成分、相结构、p-c-t曲线和电化学性能.EDS结合XRD分析表明,LaNi2.28合金主相为四方结构的La7Ni16相;Mg替代量x为0.3时合金主相为MgSnCu4型的LaMgNi4相,还含有LaNi5和(La,Mg)Ni3相.p-c-t曲线显示,当Mg替代量x不超过0.2时,合金无放氢平台;x为0.3时合金出现明显平台;x为0.5时合金出现两个放氢平台,相应贮氢量达到1.24%(质量分数).电化学性能测试表明,最大放电容量从100.2 mAh·g-1(x=0.0)增大到329.0 mAh·g-1(x=0.5),然后减小到207.8 mAh·g-1(x=0.6);活化性能改善;高倍率放电性能先降低后提高;循环稳定性S100从84.8%(x=0.0)提高到91.5%(x=0.2),然后降低到63.3%(x=0.5).     

Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of the One‐Electron Reduction of Nonplanar Nickel(II) Porphyrins

The electrochemical reduction of a series of nickel porphyrins with an increasing number of substituents was investigated in acetonitrile. A one‐electron reduction of [5,15‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)porphyrinato]nickel(II) leads to π‐anion radicals and to efficient formation of phlorin anions, presumably by disproportionation and subsequent protonation of the doubly reduced species. The phlorin anion was identified by using cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis and resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry, complemented by quantum‐chemical calculations to assign the spectral signatures. The theoretical analysis of the potential‐energy landscape of the singly reduced species suggests a thermally activated intersystem crossing that populates the quartet state and thus lowers the energy barrier towards disproportionation channels. Structure–reactivity correlations are investigated by considering different substitution patterns of the investigated nickel(II) porphyrin cores, that is, for the porphyrin with additional β‐aryl ([5,15‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐2,8,12,18‐tetra(p‐tolyl)porphyrinato]nickel(II)) and meso‐alkyl substitution ([5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(1‐ethylpropyl)porphyrinato]nickel(II)), no phlorin anion formation was observed under electrochemical conditions. This observation is correlated either to kinetic inhibition of the disproportionation reaction or to lower reactivity of the subsequently formed doubly reduced species towards protonation.     

Exploring the role of nickel in the formation of amorphous Pt-based metallic alloys for methanol electro-oxidation with significant enhancement

Amorphous PtNiP ternary nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a hypophospite-assisted reduction process for methanol electro-oxidation. Due to the difficulty of P doping into pure Pt, it was found that improving the reaction temperature led to the phase transformation of Pt-P binary alloys from amorphous to crystalline by the same hypophospite-assisted reduction method. Adding a small quantity of nickel salt in the Pt-P synthetic solution could promote the P content by the formation of NiP matrixes, leading to the PtNiP ternary nanoparticles with amorphous structure. Notably, amorphous PtNiP ternary nanoparticles showed high electrochemical activity and long-term stability for methanol oxidation, which was explained by XPS analysis.     

在纳米晶Co－Mo／Ni复合电极上的析氢反应

采用复合电镀的方法将不同球磨时间制备的高催化活性的纳米晶Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金粉直接镀在电极表面,用稳态极化曲线及交流阻抗技术测试了这些电极析氢的电化学活性,并用Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜及Ｘ射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜监测了Ｃｏ－ＭＯ合金粉的物相结构、晶粒尺寸和复合镀层的成份、形貌,实验结果表明,Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ纳米晶合金粉有较高的析氢催化活性。球磨使钴钼粉合金化成为纳米晶,一方面增加了复合镀层的真实表面积,另一方面由于纳米晶合金具有高比例的表面活性原子,致使析氢活化能降低,加快了析氢反应,研究表明在不太高温度下,电化学脱附的活化能和整个析氢反应的活化能一致。说明电化学脱附为速度控制步骤。     

Preparation of Nano‐bismuth with Different Particle Sizes and the Size Dependent Electrochemical Thermodynamics

Nano‐bismuth has excellent electrochemical properties. However, it is still unclear how the particle size of nano‐bismuth influences its electrochemical thermodynamic properties. In this paper, spherical bismuth nanoparticles with different particle sizes were prepared by solvothermal method; the electrode potentials, the temperature coefficients of the electrode potentials and the thermodynamic functions of reaction for nano‐bismuth electrodes with different particle sizes at different temperatures were determined; and the effects of particle size on the electrode potential, the temperature coefficient and the thermodynamic functions were discussed. The experimental results show that particle size of bismuth nanoparticles has a significant influences on the electrochemical thermodynamic properties. The standard electrode potential of the nano‐bismuth electrode with a diameter of 39.9 nm was 0.009 V lower than that of the ordinary standard electrode (0.308 V); the temperature coefficient of the electrode potential with a diameter of 39.9 nm was nearly double that of 85.9 nm. With the particle sizes decrease, the standard molar Gibbs energy of reaction, the standard molar enthalpy of reaction, the standard molar entropy of reaction, the molar reversible reaction heat and the temperature coefficient increase; and these quantities are linearly related to the reciprocal of the particle diameter.     

Crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics of La(0.7)Mg(0.3)Ni(5.0-x)(Al(0.5)Mo(0.5)x hydrogen-storage alloys.

The structure, hydrogen-storage property and electrochemical characteristics of La(0.7)Mg(0.3)Ni(5.0-x)(Al(0.5)Mo(0.5))x (x = 0-0.8) hydrogen-storage alloys have been studied systematically. X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis shows that all the alloys consist of an La (La,Mg)2Ni9 phase and an LaNi5 phase. The pressure-composition isotherms indicate that the hydrogen-storage capacity first increases and then decreases with increasing x, and the equilibrium pressure decreases with increasing x. Electrochemical measurements show that the maximum discharge capacity and the exchange-current density of the alloy electrodes increase as x increases from 0 to 0.6 and then decrease when x increases further from 0.6 to 0.8. Moreover, the low-temperature dischargeability of the alloy electrodes increases monotonically with increasing x in the alloys.     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zrx(x=0～0.06)储氢电极合金的相结构及电化学性能*

系统研究了V2.1TiNi0.4Zrx(x=0耀0.06)储氢电极合金的相结构及电化学性能. 相结构分析表明, 所有合金均由体心立方(bcc)结构的V 基固溶体主相和第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布;其中, 当Zr 含量x 臆0.02时合金的第二相为TiNi基相, 而当Zr含量x达0.04时, 其第二相变为C14型Laves相, 且主相和第二相的晶胞体积均随着x 的增加而增大.电化学性能测试表明, 添加Zr 元素可以改善合金的活化性能和提高最大放电容量; 同时, 随着Zr 含量x 的增大, 合金的高倍率放电性能得到明显提高, 但充放电循环稳定性逐渐降低. 在所研究的合金样品中, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.04合金具有相对较好的综合性能.     

Electrocatalytical properties presented by Cu/Ni alloy modified electrodes toward the oxidation of glucose

This paper concerns the deposition of metal alloys formed by nickel and copper on electrode surface aiming at the development of electrocatalytic systems. Such alloys were formed on platinum electrodes by direct reduction of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ sulfate salts in different proportions in a simple and straightforward electrochemical treatment. After the deposition, the conversion to the electrocatalytic oxide form was done in alkaline solutions by cyclic voltammograms. The experimental parameters, such as deposition time and the proportion of copper and nickel in the synthetic solution, were investigated toward the catalytic oxidation of glucose. The materials were characterized by electrochemical experiments, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction, showing that the material is not a simple mixture of nickel and copper oxides. The modified electrodes showed remarkable electrocatalytic properties, indicating an interesting application in the sensor and fuel cell development.     

铸态和快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)5Bx (x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的微观结构与电化学性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了低钴AB5型MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2Bx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)贮氢合金, 分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学性能, 研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 铸态合金具有双相组织, 主相为CaCu5型相, 还有少量CeCo4B第二相, 第二相的相丰度随硼含量x的增加而增大. 对合金进行了不同淬速的快淬处理, 随淬速的增加, 合金中第二相的量减少. 快淬使合金的晶格参数略有增大. 快淬工艺对合金的电化学性能产生显著影响, 随淬速的增加, 合金的容量下降, 循环稳定性显著提高. 快淬使合金的活化性能降低, 但随着硼含量的增加, 活化性能、高倍率放电能力及放电电压特性均得到不同程度的改善.     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cux(x=0-0.12)储氢合金的微结构及电化学性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备了V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cux (x=0-0.12)储氢合金, 经XRD、SEM、EDS和电化学测试等系统研究了Cu添加量对合金微结构及电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 所有合金均由V基固溶体主相和C14型Laves第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布; 合金主相和第二相的晶胞体积均随着Cu含量x的增加而增大. 电化学性能测试表明, 添加适量(x=0.03-0.06)的Cu可以提高合金的最大放电容量, 并对活化性能基本没有影响; 而过高的Cu添加量(x≥0.09)会降低合金的放电容量. 此外, 添加Cu可使合金的高倍率放电性能得到明显改善, 充放电循环稳定性有所提高. 在所研究的合金样品中, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03合金具有最佳的综合性能.     

Synthesis and properties of zinc–nickel–carbon nanotube composite coatings

Composite electrochemical coatings modified with carbon nanotubes were produced on the basis of the zinc–nickel alloy. The functional properties (friction coefficient, protective capacity) of the composite coatings were studied in comparison with zinc–nickel alloys without a dispersed phase. It was found that, upon inclusion of carbon nanotubes particles into zinc–nickel deposits, their sliding friction coefficient decreases by a factor of 1.3–1.4 and the range of passive-state potentials becomes two times wider.