含氨基和环氧基双功能基的聚合物刷磁性微球的制备及对青霉素G酰化酶的固定化

在内部分散超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的二乙烯苯交联聚丙烯酸微球表面引入原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂,引发聚合向微球表面分别引入P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA-r-GMA)、P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA)和P(GMMA-r-GMA)无规共聚物刷(GMMA为甲基丙烯酸甘油单酯,DMAEMA为甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯,GMA为甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯),聚合物刷中GMMA链节的作用是使聚合物刷具有亲水性,DMAEMA引入氨基,GMA引入环氧基.研究了青霉素G酰化酶在这些载体上的固定化和其酶活性.结果表明,同时引入环氧基和氨基的P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA-r-GMA)刷磁性微球固定化青霉素G酰化酶的活性和活性收率都最高,其固定化动力学比只含环氧基P(GMMA-r-GMA)刷磁性微球的好.固定化酶比自由酶更耐热,固定化酶的最佳pH值比自由酶的略高,固定化酶重复使用10次后其活性保留70%.     

磁性聚合物微球固定化青霉素G酰化酶制备光学纯(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸

通过反相悬浮聚合法制备了超顺磁性环氧聚合物微球用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶,利用磁性固定化酶催化N-苯乙酰-(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸进行不对称水解反应,制备出(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸单一对映体。磁性固定化酶催化水解反应的适宜条件为:底物浓度100 mg·m L-1,反应温度和时间30℃和12 h,反应溶液p H 8.0。在此条件下,N-苯乙酰-(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸的转化率为48.8%,产物(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸的对映体过量值eep达99.4%。磁场下回收磁性固定化青霉素G酰化酶,重复使用6次,底物的转化率和产物的对映体过量值分别为47.8%和91.4%。     

含环氧基团的聚合物载体合成方法的改进及其固定化青霉素酰化酶

 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 以 N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂, 以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚为功能性单体, 用反相悬浮聚合技术成功制备了含环氧基团的聚合物载体, 并用红外光谱和低温氮吸附对聚合物载体进行了表征. 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 替代原有的 Span-60 和硬脂酸钙复合分散剂, 大幅度减少了后处理过程中所需的时间和溶剂用量, 使固定化青霉素酰化酶的活性从 215 U/g 提高到 320 U/g. 与游离酶相比, 该固定化酶具有较好的操作稳定性, 在 pH = 5~11 和不高于 50 oC 的环境中具有较好的稳定性. 固定化酶的水解反应动力学过程与游离酶相同, 均遵循米氏反应动力学, 而且活性与底物浓度密切相关. 当底物浓度为 6.5% 时, 固定化酶的活性最高, 达到 353 U/g.     

环糊精改性Fe_3O_4纳米微球的制备及其负载多柔比星体外释放的研究

采用柠檬酸钠作为稳定剂,通过超声辅助水相共沉淀法合成了柠檬酸修饰的Fe_3O_4纳米粒(Fe_3O_4@CA),进一步采用真空干燥法制备了β-环糊精包覆的Fe_3O_4纳米微球(Fe_3O_4@β-CD).分别利用X射线粉末衍射仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、热重分析仪等表征手段对其进行了结构和形貌表征.同时,以多柔比星为模型药物,考察了Fe_3O_4@β-CD微球对多柔比星的体外释放行为.结果表明,Fe_3O_4@CA纳米粒子呈球形或类球形,平均流体力学直径为84nm,具有顺磁性,室温下饱和磁化强度为17.5emu·g-1,红外光谱结果表明,β-环糊精成功的包覆在Fe_3O_4@CA表面,Fe_3O_4@β-CD的平均流体力学直径为104nm,室温下饱和磁化强度为15.7emu·g-1.体外释放结果表明,Fe_3O_4@β-CD-DOX载药系统在PBS(pH=7.4)溶液中释放缓慢,12h累积释放率为45.5%.结果表明,环糊精改性的Fe_3O_4纳米微球在体外有明显的缓释效果,有望成为理想的抗肿瘤药物载体.     

亲水性含环氧基磁性聚合物微球的制备与性能表征

选择甲酰胺作磁性Fe3O4微晶的分散剂,通过设计反相悬浮聚合体系,合成了粒径分布窄、球状亲水性含环氧基磁性聚合物(MGM).利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和低温N2吸附以及化学分析方法对聚合物进行了性能表征.结果表明,合成的MGM呈球形,且粒度分布较窄,粒径为0.13~0.28 mm的粒子占91%;甲酰胺分散Fe3O4,微晶表面的亲水性进一步增强,单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联共聚生成的胶粒能够包埋Fe3O4微晶形成胶核,胶核聚集形成均匀、稳定的MGM微球.MGM中Fe3O4含量为6.17%时,比饱和磁化强度σs达6.5 emu/g;其比表面积、平均孔径和孔容分别为117.6 m2/g,15.6 nm和0.46 cm3/g,表面环氧基团含量为0.53 mmol/g.MGM借助自身的活性环氧基团在十分温和的条件下共价偶联青霉素酰化酶(penicillin G acylase EC 3.5.1.11,简称PGA),制备的固定化酶在37℃下催化水解青霉素G钾生成6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)的表观活性达502IU/g,并且在使用过程中没有出现磁聚集现象.     

氨基化修饰介孔Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2磁性核壳复合微球的可控制备及吸附性能

以水热法制备的高磁饱和强度Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒为核,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用改进的St觟ber法,制备介孔SiO_2包覆Fe_3O_4磁性核壳复合微球。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附-脱附、FTIR和VSM对制备样品的物相结构、形貌和磁性能进行了测试表征。研究结果表明,制备的复合材料呈球形,粒径分布均一,材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为413 m2·g-1和68.93emu·g-1。研究了TEOS的添加量对复合微球形貌的影响,随着TEOS添加量的增加,SiO_2壳层增厚,复合粒子形貌均匀,饱和磁化强度有所下降,仍具有良好的超顺磁性。在此基础上,通过接枝法在复合微球的表面接枝-NH2,制备了一种新型磁性纳米吸附剂(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@m SiO_2-NH2),进而研究了其对水中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。通过动力学拟合,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@m SiO_2-NH2对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程是准二级动力学模型占主导地位,探究了该材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程和吸附机理。结果表明,其吸附机理及吸附容量与Cr(Ⅵ)的离子形态及-NH2有关,并通过吸附剂与吸附质之间的电子共用或静电吸附实现。     

含环碳酸酯基新型聚合物载体的合成及固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶研究

碳酸亚乙烯酯(VCA)分子中的反应性环碳酸酯基可于温和条件下与氨基发生反应形成稳定的氨基甲酸酯.利用这一性质,将含-NH₂基团的酶分子直接以σ键的形式固定于含有环碳酸酯基的聚合物载体上.本文通过反相悬浮聚合,以液体石蜡为介质,VCA为反应性单体,甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)及丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为亲水性共聚单体,合成出一系列交联树脂聚合物.以此聚合物为载体对葡萄糖淀粉酶进行固载实验,表现出良好的固定化性能.同时,固定化酶的稳定性也有所提高.     

原子转移自由基聚合法制备表面聚合物接枝四氧化三铁纳米粒子

为制备表面具有柔性高分子链的磁性微球,采用化学共沉淀法制备了具有超顺磁性的Fe3O4纳米微球,用KH550对Fe3O4纳米微球进行化学改性得到表面氨基化的Fe3O4纳米微球,与2-溴代异丁酰溴反应后制得含有引发官能团的Fe3O4纳米微球,随后将含溴的Fe3O4纳米微球与小分子单体与之通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法共聚。测试结果表明聚合物链成功地接枝到了Fe3O4纳米微球表面。     

磁性微球的制备及应用

磁性微球在生物医学和分离工程等多个领域都有广泛的应用,如固定化酶、靶向药物载体、核磁共振成像、细胞标记及分离、核酸和蛋白质分离纯化、环境治理等.近年来随着纳米新材料及制备工艺的不断创新,磁性微球的制备及应用都取得了大量进展.磁性微球的制备方法主要可以分为4类:(1)包裹法,在微球生成的同时将磁性纳米颗粒包裹在微球基质内,又可以细分为异质聚合法、乳化-溶剂挥发法、膜乳化和微流控技术、反相悬液-交联法、Stober法、聚合诱导胶体聚集法等;(2)模板组装法,在模板微球内部或表面组装磁性纳米颗粒,包括溶胀法、吸附法和静电自组装法等;(3)模板原位生成法,在模板微球的内部或表面原位生成磁性纳米颗粒,包括共沉淀、沉淀-氧化法、有机前驱体热分解法等;(4)溶剂(水)热法,以有机溶剂或水为介质,密闭体系中的反应物在一定的温度和溶液的自生压力下反应得到磁性微球.本文按照制备方法对近几年来磁性微球领域的研究进展进行了总结,包括反应原理、磁性微球的性质、表面功能化和应用介绍.     

乙烯基Ia3d介孔硅分子筛的环氧化及其固定化青霉素酰化酶(英文)

采用直接共聚法合成表面含有乙烯基的具有立方相Ia3d结构的介孔硅分子筛(V-ClMS),然后对乙烯基团进行环氧化制备得到表面环氧基功能化的介孔硅分子筛(E-CIMS),采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、热重分析和13C固体核磁共振对制备的介孔硅分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,表面含有乙烯基的V-ClMS介孔硅分子筛能被一步成功合成,并易于发生环氧化而获得表面环氧基功能化的E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛.将E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛作为载体用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶(PGA),研究了表面环氧基团对固定化PGA初活性和操作稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着表面环氧基团数量的增加,介孔硅分子筛孔径减小,表面疏水性增加,导致载酶量和初活性减小.但介孔硅分子筛表面适量的环氧基团能增强E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛与PGA之间的相互作用,从而提高固定化PGA的操作稳定性.     

Immobilization of penicillin G acylase on poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-(glycerol monomethacrylate)]-grafted magnetic microspheres

Poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-(glycerol monomethacrylate)]-grafted magnetic microspheres were prepared by graft random copolymerization via ATRP from polymer microspheres with dispersed Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) was immobilized onto the polymer brush-grafted magnetic microspheres. The immobilized PGA prepared with initial glycidyl methacrylate/glycerol monomethacrylate ratios of 40/60 to 60/40 possessed higher catalytic activity than that prepared with higher proportions of glycidyl methacrylate in the initial monomer mixture. The immobilized PGA showed high thermal stability and enhanced tolerability to the pH variance.     

介孔SiO2/Fe3O4中空磁性微球的漆酶固定化

以介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球作为载体,采用物理吸附法对漆酶进行固定化,考察了时间、温度和pH值对漆酶固定化效果的影响,并对固定漆酶的活性及稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球吸附漆酶分子后,介孔材料的比表面积与孔体积均减小.在3 h时复合微球对漆酶的吸附达到平衡,复合微球中介孔SiO2对漆酶的有效固定量为689 mg/g,大大高于纯介孔材料MCM-41的漆酶固定量(319 mg/g).在pH=3～6的条件下,复合微球中固定漆酶仍保持70%以上的相对酶活.当温度不高于60℃时,固定漆酶的相对酶活仍保持65%以上.固定漆酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性都明显优于游离漆酶,固定漆酶的米氏常数为1.05 mmol/L,与游离漆酶相比,固定漆酶与底物的亲和力有所降低.当2,4-二氯苯酚的浓度为10 mg/L时,固定漆酶对其去除率在6 h时达到81.6%,表现出很好的催化活性.     

Preparation of magnetic microspheres with thiol-containing polymer brushes and immobilization of gold nanoparticles in the brush layer

Narrow-disperse magnetic microspheres were prepared by alkaline coprecipitation of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions within poly(acrylic acid–divinylbenzene) microspheres that were prepared by distillation–precipitation copolymerization. Magnetic microspheres with polymer brushes that contain epoxy groups were prepared by graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and glycerol monomethacrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the magnetic microsphere surfaces. Subsequently, magnetic microspheres with thiol-containing polymer brushes were prepared by treating the epoxy group-containing magnetic microspheres with sodium hydrosulfide. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized in the brush layer of the thiol-containing magnetic microspheres through Au–S coordination. The catalytic activity of the gold nanoparticle-immobilized magnetic microspheres was investigated using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with sodium borohydride as a model reaction. The catalyst could be reused for over 10 cycles without noticeable loss of catalytic activity.     

Preparation of surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on magnetic core/shell Fe3O4/SiO2 and Fe3O4/Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles

In this paper, surface plasmon resonance biosensors based on magnetic core/shell Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) and Fe(3)O(4)/Ag/SiO(2) nanoparticles were developed for immunoassay. With Fe(3)O(4) and Fe(3)O(4)/Ag nanoparticles being used as seeding materials, Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) and Fe(3)O(4)/Ag/SiO(2) nanoparticles were formed by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The aldehyde group functionalized magnetic nanoparticles provide organic functionality for bioconjugation. The products were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), FTIR and UV-vis absorption spectrometry. The magnetic nanoparticles possess the unique superparamagnetism property, exceptional optical properties and good compatibilities, and could be used as immobilization matrix for goat anti-rabbit IgG. The magnetic nanoparticles can be easily immobilized on the surface of SPR biosensor chip by a magnetic pillar. The effects of Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) and Fe(3)O(4)/Ag/SiO(2) nanoparticles on the sensitivity of SPR biosensors were also investigated. As a result, the SPR biosensors based on Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) nanoparticles and Fe(3)O(4)/Ag/SiO(2) nanoparticles exhibit a response for rabbit IgG in the concentration range of 1.25-20.00 μg ml(-1) and 0.30-20.00 μg ml(-1), respectively.     

A new ion-exchange adsorbent with paramagnetic properties for the separation of genomic DNA

A new ion-exchange adsorbent (IEA) derived from Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)-GPTMS-DEAE with paramagnetic properties was prepared. Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were firstly prepared in water-in-oil microemulsion. The magnetic Fe(3)O(4) particles were modified in situ by hydrolysis and condensation reactions with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to form the core-shell Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2). The modified particles were further treated by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to form Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)-GPTMS nanoparticles. Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)-GPTMS-DEAE nanoparticles (IEA) were finally obtained through the condensation reaction between the Cl of diethylaminoethyl chloride-HCl (DEAE) and the epoxy groups of GPTMS in the Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)-GPTMS. The obtained IEA has features of paramagnetic and ion exchange properties because of the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and protonated organic amine in the sample. The intermediates and final product obtained in the synthesis process were characterized. The separation result of genomic DNA from blood indicated that Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)-GPTMS-DEAE nanoparticles have outstanding advantages in operation, selectivity, and capacity.     

表面图案化磁性复合微球的原位制备与表征

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了丙烯酸(AA)含量不同的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物P(NIPAM-co-AA)微凝胶, 并以其作为微反应器, 通过原位外源沉积法制备了一系列微米级、表面具有图案化结构的SiO₂-Fe₃O₄-P(NIPAM-co-AA)磁性复合微球. 实验结果表明, 复合微球的表面结构与微凝胶的组成、Fe₃O₄和SiO₂的沉积量有关. 在微球表面进行修饰, 可得到表面带有氨基等官能基团的磁性复合材料. 将这种功能化磁性微球用于识别生物大分子并进一步用于生物医学领域具有重要的意义.     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and non-magnetic core-shell polyepoxide micrometer-sized particles of narrow size distribution

Core polystyrene microspheres of narrow size distribution were prepared by dispersion polymerization of styrene in a mixture of ethanol and 2-methoxy ethanol. Uniform polyglycidyl methacrylate/polystyrene core-shell micrometer-sized particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization at 73 degrees C of glycidyl methacrylate in the presence of the core polystyrene microspheres. Core-shell particles with different properties (size, surface morphology and composition) have been prepared by changing various parameters belonging to the above seeded emulsion polymerization process, e.g., volumes of the monomer glycidyl methacrylate and the crosslinker monomer ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Magnetic Fe(3)O(4)/polyglycidyl methacrylate/polystyrene micrometer-sized particles were prepared by coating the former core-shell particles with magnetite nanoparticles via a nucleation and growth mechanism. Characterization of the various particles has been accomplished by routine methods such as light microscopy, SEM, FTIR, BET and magnetic measurements.     

Fabrication and functionalization of dendritic poly(amidoamine)-immobilized magnetic polymer composite microspheres

The synthesis of functionalized magnetic polymer microspheres was described by a process involving (1) preparation of the monodisperse magnetic seeds according to a two-step procedure including the preparation of bilayer-oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by soap-free emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and divinyl benzene (a cross-linking agent, DVB); (2) seeded emulsion polymerization proceeding under the continuous addition of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers in the presence of the magnetic PMMA seeds; and (3) chemical modification of the PGMA shells with ethylenediamine (EDA) to yield amino groups. As such, the magnetic poly(MMA-DVB-GMA) microspheres were prepared possessing monodispersity, uniform magnetic properties, and abundant surface amino groups. Then, the dendritic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) shells were coated on the magnetic particles on the basis of the Michael addition of methyl acrylate and the amidation of the resulting ester with a large excess of EDA, which could achieve generational growth under such uniform stepwise reactions. For improving the luminescence properties of the composite particles, fluorescein isothiocyanate, which is a popular organic dye, was reacted with the terminal -NH2 groups from the dendritic PAMAM shells, resulting in the formation of multifunctional microspheres with excellent photoluminescence, superparamagnetic, and pH-sensitive properties. In this case, it can be expected that an extension of the functionalization of these microspheres is to immobilize other target molecules onto the PAMAM shells to introduce other desired functions for potential chemical and biological applications.