Zigzag型石墨纳米带电子结构和输运性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理电子结构和输运性质计算研究了zigzag型单层石墨纳米带(具有armchair 边缘)的电子结构和输运性质及其边缘空位缺陷效应. 研究发现,完整边缘的zigzag型石墨纳米带是具有一定能隙的半导体带,边缘空位缺陷的存在使得纳米带能隙变小,且缺陷浓度越大,能隙越小,并发生了半导体-金属转变. 利用这些研究结果,将有助于在能带工程中实现其电子结构裁剪. 关键词： 石墨纳米带 空位缺陷 电子结构 输运性质     

Zigzag型石墨纳米带电子结构和输运性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理电子结构和输运性质计算研究了zigzag型单层石墨纳米带(具有armchair 边缘)的电子结构和输运性质及其边缘空位缺陷效应. 研究发现，完整边缘的zigzag型石墨纳米带是具有一定能隙的半导体带，边缘空位缺陷的存在使得纳米带能隙变小，且缺陷浓度越大，能隙越小，并发生了半导体-金属转变. 利用这些研究结果，将有助于在能带工程中实现其电子结构裁剪.     

扶手椅型石墨纳米带的双空位缺陷效应研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理电子结构和输运性质计算,研究了扶手椅型石墨纳米带（具有锯齿边缘）的双空位缺陷效应.研究发现：双空位缺陷的存在并没有改变石墨纳米带的金属特性,但改变了费米面附近的能带结构.同时,双空位缺陷的取向对石墨纳米带的输运性质有很重要的影响.对于奇数宽度的纳米带,斜向双空位缺陷使得石墨带导电性能减弱,而垂直双空位能基本保留原有的线性伏安特性,导电性能降低较少;对于偶数宽度的纳米带,斜向双空位缺陷会使石墨带导电性能明显增强,而垂直双空位缺陷则具有完整石墨带的输运性质. 关键词： 石墨纳米带 585双空位缺陷 电子结构 输运性质     

双空位缺陷石墨纳米带的电子结构和输运性质研究

基于第一原理电子结构和输运性质计算,研究了585双空位拓扑缺陷对锯齿（zigzag）型石墨纳米带（具有椅型（armchair）边）电子结构和输运性质的影响.研究发现,585双空位缺陷的存在使得锯齿型石墨纳米带的能隙增大,并在能隙中出现了一条局域于缺陷处的缺陷态能带,双空位缺陷的取向也影响其能带结构.另外,585双空位缺陷对能隙较小的锯齿型石墨纳米带输运性质的影响较大,而对能隙较大的锯齿型石墨纳米带影响很小,缺陷取向并不显著影响纳米带的输运性质. 关键词： 石墨纳米带 585空位缺陷 电子结构 输运性质     

单空位缺陷诱导的扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带电学性能的转变

本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了单空位缺陷对 扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带电学特性的影响. 计算结果表明: 当单空位位于纳米带边缘位置时, 系统结构最稳定. 不同位置上单空位缺陷的引入都会使得原本为半导体的本征 扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带变成金属性; 随着单空位浓度的减小, 其对纳米带能带结构的影响逐渐减弱; 随着纳米带宽度的增大, 表征其金属性的特征值表现出震荡性的减弱. 单空位缺陷诱导的扶手椅型纳米带的半导体特性到金属特性的转变为石墨烯在 电子器件中的应用提供了理论指导. 关键词： 扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带 单空位缺陷 电学性能     

N掺杂对zigzag型石墨烯纳米带的能带结构和输运性质的影响

用第一性原理研究了N掺杂zigzag型石墨烯纳米带(z-GNRs)的能带结构、透射谱和电流电压特性,研究结果表明N掺杂将使得z-GNRs的能带结构中出现能隙,材料从金属转变为半导体;随着杂质浓度的增大,相同偏压下电流明显减小,同时体系费米面附近的透射率逐渐减小;z-GNRs的长度、宽度以及N原子的替代掺杂位置均会对输运性质产生影响,在宽度较小的情况下,掺杂浓度和掺杂位置两种因素共同影响体系的输运性质. 关键词： 石墨烯纳米带 N掺杂 能带结构 输运性质     

边缘修饰的石墨烯纳米带电子特性的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理计算方法,研究了zigzag型石墨烯纳米带在边缘采用不同基团（包括氢原子、羟基、酮基、氢和羟基共同饱和）进行修饰后电子特性的改变,计算了能带结构、态密度和电荷差分密度。结果分析表明,不同基团修饰的影响本质上可归结于不同的边缘杂化方式。边缘sp2杂化方式对GNRs体系内层原子的电子状态影响很小,没有改变zigzag-GNRs的金属性;而边缘sp3杂化的体系在能带结构中打开了一个带隙,此带隙随纳米带宽度的增加而逐渐减小。其中GNRs-H2 体系和GNRs-H2O体系发生了由金属性向半导体性的转变,而GNRs-O体系费米能级升高并且进入了导带,依然呈现金属性。利用这种边缘修饰非常易于调控GNRs的电子能带结构。     

边缘修饰的石墨烯纳米带电子特性的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理计算方法,研究了zigzag型石墨烯纳米带在边缘采用不同基团（包括氢原子、羟基、酮基、氢和羟基共同饱和）进行修饰后电子特性的改变,计算了能带结构、态密度和电荷差分密度。结果分析表明,不同基团修饰的影响本质上可归结于不同的边缘杂化方式。边缘sp2杂化方式对GNRs体系内层原子的电子状态影响很小,没有改变zigzag-GNRs的金属性;而边缘sp3杂化的体系在能带结构中打开了一个带隙,此带隙随纳米带宽度的增加而逐渐减小。其中GNRs-H2 体系和GNRs-H2O体系发生了由金属性向半导体性的转变,而GNRs-O体系费米能级升高并且进入了导带,依然呈现金属性。利用这种边缘修饰非常易于调控GNRs的电子能带结构。     

β石墨炔衍生物结构稳定性及电子结构的密度泛函理论研究

石墨炔衍生物比石墨烯具有更多样化的原子结构,因而具有潜在的更丰富的电子结构.通过第一性原理密度泛函理论研究方法系统研究了β石墨炔衍生物的结构稳定性、原子构型和电子结构.本文计算的β石墨炔衍生物系列体系由六边形碳环(各边原子数N=1—10)通过顶点相连而成.对结构与能量的计算分析表明:当N为偶数时,β石墨炔拥有单、三键交替的C—C键结构,其能量比N为奇数时,拥有连续C=C双键的石墨炔衍生物更稳定.计算的能带结构和态密度显示:根据碳环各边原子个数N的奇偶性不同,β石墨炔可呈现金属性(N为奇数时)或半导体特性(N为偶数时).该奇偶依赖的原子构型和电学性质是由Jahn-Teller畸变效应导致,与碳环各边原子碳链的实际长度无关.计算发现部分半导体β石墨炔(N=2,6,10)呈现狄拉克锥能带特征,其带隙约10 meV,且具有0.255×10~6—0.414×10~6m/s的高电子速度,约为石墨烯电子速度的30%—50%.本密度泛函理论研究表明,将sp杂化碳原子引入石墨烯六边形碳环的边上,可通过控制六边形各边原子个数的奇偶性调制其金属和半导体电子特性或狄拉克锥的形成,为免掺杂和缺陷调控纳米碳材料的电学性质和设计碳基纳米电子器件提供了理论依据.     

空位缺陷对CdS电子结构和光学性质的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理的平面波超软赝势方法,对空位缺陷体系的几何结构进行优化计算,发现空位引起周围原子的弛豫,晶格结构发生畸变。在此基础上研究了空位缺陷对闪锌矿结构CdS体系电子结构(能带结构、电子态密度)的影响,结果表明,S空位使得能带变窄,而Cd空位使带隙变宽,但二者仍为直接带隙半导体。对光学性质的研究发现,由于空位的介入使其邻近原子电子结构发生变化,使得空位缺陷体系光学性质的变化主要集中在低能量区。     

Atomic and electronic structures of divacancy in graphene nanoribbons

First principles calculations have been performed to investigate the electronic structures and transport properties of defective graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in the presence of pentagon-octagon-pentagon (5-8-5) defects. Electronic band structure results reveal that 5-8-5 defects in the defective zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) is unfavorable for electronic transport. However, such defects in the defective armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) give rise to smaller band gap than that in the pristine AGNR, and eventually results in semiconductor to metal-like transition. The distinct roles of 5-8-5 defects in two kinds of edged-GNR are attributed to the different coupling between π^? and π subbands influenced by the defects. Our findings indicate the possibility of a new route to improve the electronic transport properties of graphene nanoribbons via tailoring the atomic structures by ion irradiation.     

石墨烯纳米带的制备与电学特性调控

石墨烯由于其独特的晶体结构展现出了特殊的电学特性,其导带与价带相交于第一布里渊区的六个顶点处,形成带隙为零的半金属材料,具有优异的电子传输特性的同时也限制了其在电子学器件中的使用.因而科研人员尝试各种方法来打开其带隙并调控其能带特性,主要有利用缺陷、应力、掺杂、表面吸附、结构调控等手段.其中石墨烯纳米带由于量子边界效应和限制效应,存在带隙.本综述主要介绍了制备各类石墨烯纳米带的方法,并通过精确调控其细微结构,从而对其进行精确的能带调控,改变其电学特性,为其在电子学器件中的应用提供一些可行的方向.     

Theoretical calculation of excitonic binding energies and optical absorption spectra for Armchair graphene nanoribbons

In this paper the excitons of armchair graphene nanoribbons with layers of different width and thickness have been investigated. In this investigation, the band structure and energy gap of armchair graphene nanoribbons have been calculated using a tight-binding model including edge deformation effects (all edge atoms have been passivated with hydrogen atoms). Also, by calculating the conductance in armchair graphene nanoribbons (A-GNRs) optical absorption of armchair graphene nanoribbon in the single-electron approximation has been obtained. Finally, the binding energy of excitons in armchair graphene nanoribbons has been calculated using the Wannier model, Hartree-Fock approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation.     

Electronic and transport properties of V-shaped defect zigzag MoS_2 nanoribbons

Based on the nonequilibrium Green＇s function （NEGF） in combination with density functional theory （DFT） calcu- lations, we study the electronic structures and transport properties of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons （ZMNRs） with V-shaped vacancy defects on the edge. The vacancy formation energy results show that the zigzag vacancy is easier to create on the edge of ZMNR than the armchair vacancy. Both of the defects can make the electronic band structures of ZMNRs change from metal to semiconductor. The calculations of electronic transport properties depict that the currents drop off clearly and rectification ratios increase in the defected systems. These effects would open up possibilities for their applications in novel nanoelectronic devices.     

Ab initio study of the electronic and transport properties of waved graphene nanoribbons

We apply the nonequilibrium Green's function method based on density functional theory to investigate the electronic and transport properties of waved zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons. Our calculations show that out-of-plane mechanical deformations have a strong influence on the band structures and transport characteristics of graphene nanoribbons. The computed I-V curves demonstrate that the electrical conductance of graphene nanoribbons is significantly affected by deformations. The relationship between the conductance and the compression ratio is found to be sensitive to the type of the nanoribbon. The results of our study indicate the possibility of mechanical control of the electronic and transport properties of graphene nanoribbons.     

Electronic structures of the F-terminated AlN nanoribbons

Using the first-principles calculations, electronic properties for the F-terminated AlN nanoribbons with both zigzag and armchair edges are studied. The results show that both the zigzag and armchair AlN nanoribbons are semiconducting and nonmagnetic, and the indirect band gap of the zigzag AlN nanoribbons and the direct band gap of the armchair ones decrease monotonically with increasing ribbon width. In contrast, the F-terminated AlN nanoribbons have narrower band gaps than those of the H-terminated ones when the ribbons have the same bandwidth. The density-of-states (DOS) and local density-of-states (LDOS) analyses show that the top of the valence band for the F-terminated ribbons is mainly contributed by N atoms, while at the side of the conduction band, the total DOS is mainly contributed by Al atoms. The charge density contour analyses show that Al–F bond is ionic because the electronegativity of F atom is much stronger for F atom than for Al atom, while N–F bond is covalent because of the combined action of the stronger electronegativity and the smaller covalent radius.