高压水射流冲击煤体的力学特征

以质量守恒与动量守恒定律为基础, 建立了高压水射流冲击煤体的力学模型。运用此模型分析了高压水射流在冲击煤体的过程中, 未破水体、破碎水体、煤体的破碎区与扩孔区的力学特征, 利用严格的力学守恒关系得出高压水射流冲击煤体的简化常微分方程组。将理论计算结果与现场实验和数值模拟结果进行对比, 结果表明:理论计算结果与数值模拟结果和实验结果基本一致。此模型具有明确的力学意义, 且能够反映真实的冲击过程。     

Relationship between vortex and sound in under‐expanded supersonic impinging jets

The study of an under‐expanded supersonic jet impinging on a flat plate by using large‐eddy simulation is reported. A third‐order upwind compact difference and a fourth‐order symmetric compact scheme are employed to discretize the nondimensional axisymmetric compressible Favre‐filtered Navier–Stokes equations in space, whereas the third‐order Runge–Kutta method with the total variation diminishing property is adopted to deal with the temporal discretization. The numerical simulation successfully captures the shock wave and vortex structures with different scales in the flow field. Waves with high and low frequencies traveling forward and reflecting back, and sound sources in different locations can be observed. By comparison with the frequency of the impinging tone from the experiment, it can be deduced that the change of pressure and swirling strength in the shear layer, pressure change on the impinging plate, and vortex merging in the jet shear layer are interdependent with the impinging tone. The effects of nozzle lip thickness on the impinging jet flow field have been investigated. The results show that the values of pressure fluctuation and vortex swirling strength in the shear layer near the nozzle have an extremum with the variation of the nozzle lip thickness. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the design of supersonic nozzles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光光栅显微图像检测技术及其应用

介绍一种可以用来测量曲面试件表面应分量（εｚ,εθ,εｚθ）的激光光栅显微图像检测技术（ＩＧＭ）,它能实现从小应变到大应变全过程的高精度定量测量。我们将这一技术成功地应用在铁基形状记忆合金（ＦＳＭＡ）管接头的结构设计中,在这项研究中,首先在管接头结构表面制作了变形的载体－位相型干涉光栅,由结构表面产生的衍射光通宵我学系统后形成新的干涉光栅,我们利用数字图像系统接收了逆相变前后各自的干涉图像,采用带     

大直径SHPB实验中的高温加载技术及其应用

为研究材料的高温动态力学行为,提出一套由自主设计的温控系统和100 mm SHPB装置组成的高温SHPB实验系统,采用ANSYS软件对界面热传导及其对实验结果的影响进行了计算分析,论证了该实验技术的可靠性,并对混凝土的高温动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在大直径合金钢材质SHPB装置上对混凝土等热惰性材料进行高温冲击实验,冷接触时间临界值为1.00 s,本文中提出的高温加载技术可将冷接触时间控制在0.50 s以内,实验技术可靠;同一加载速率下,随着温度从常温升到1 000 ℃,高温混凝土的动态应力应变曲线呈现出塑性变化趋势,动态抗压强度先提高后降低,动态峰值应变则不断增大。     

Magnetoelastic bending and stability of current-carrdying coil structures

As a results of magnetoelastic interaction, the mechanical behavior of current-carrying coil structures, such as deformation and instability, is a key problem in the design of strong field magnets. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is presented to described the deformation and buckling of D-type current-carrying coil, based on the Biot-Savart law and the bending theory of curved beams. The bending deformation, the critical value of current for the magnetoelastic buckling of the current-carrying coil, and the effect of the type and number of supports at middle part of the bendling coil on the critical value are quantitatively investigated by a semi-analytical and semi-numerical method. The numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Science Foundation of the State Education Committee of China for Outstanding Teacher in Universities, and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province of China     

Numerical simulation of an impinging jet on a flat plate

Two-dimensional normal impinging jet flowfields, with or without an upper plate, were analysed by employing an implicit bidiagonal numerical method developed by Lavante and Thompkins Jr. The Jones–Launder K–? two-equation turbulent model was employed to study the turbulent effects of the impinging jet flowfield. The upper plate surface pressure, the ground plane pressure and other physical parameters of the momentum flowfield were calculated at various jet exit height and jet inlet Reynolds numbers. These results were compared with those of Beam and Warming's numerical method, Hsiao and Chuang, and others, along with experimental data. The potential core length of the impinging jet without an upper plate is longer than that of the free jet because of the effects of the ground plane, while the potential core length of the impinging jet with an upper plate is shorter than that of the free jet because of the effects of the upper plate. This phenomenon in the present analysis provides a fundamental numerical study of an impinging jet and a basis for further analysis of impinging jet flowfields on a variable angle plate.     

基于Fluent的超高压撞击流乳化喷嘴的优化分析

高压液体通过喷嘴加速,形成高速射流,与相反方向的另一股射流相互撞击,发生强烈的相互作用,产生强烈的径向和轴向湍流速度分量以及狭窄的高压高速湍流区,在此区域内,相间或液滴间的碰撞互磨产生的挤压力和剪切力使流体被细化。本文从液体连续相撞击流的两个特征：微观混合和压力波动入手,逐一分析了撞击速度与微观混合、压力波动的关系,得出了压力波动与撞击流速度乱U0成正比关系,微观混合与U^3 0成正比的规律。同时,用流体模拟软件Fluent对喷嘴的结构和尺寸进行优化,并得出最合理的喷嘴结构和尺寸。模拟认为：在相同压力下,采用矩形槽,出口孔径为0．2mm,槽的深度为0．27mm的结构时撞击速度达到最大,并通过实验验证了这一结论。     

气枪喷嘴高速射流的除水效率研究

为揭示喷嘴除水的机理并进而对气枪喷嘴进行改进和优化设计,本文提出了利用图像分析处理对小尺度气枪喷嘴高速冲击乘风破浪的除水效率的研究方法。该方法将有效除水面积作为衡量喷嘴除水效率的标准,从面实现了对喷嘴整体除水效率的定量测量,并利用该方法对影响气枪喷嘴除水效率的各种因素（一次侧压力,喷嘴到平板的距离和射流攻角）进行了研究,并将实验结果与用热线风速仪及总压探头测量的结果进行了比较,得到冲击射流在平板水平速度分量是蚊蝇 嘴除尘除水效率的决定性因素等结论。     

Thermal stress measurement of quartz oscillator module packaging

The thermal stress of the quartz oscillator module packaging is investigated using digital-image correlation method (DICM), and the experimental results are given. Under the quartz oscillator module packaging, the quartz oscillator and the Fe−Sn−Cu alloy frame are joined together with the electroconductive adhesive (PI), and the electroconductive adhesive needs to be cured twice at 150°C and 275°C respectively. As the quartz oscillator and the Fe−Sn−Cu alloy frame have a distinct difference in both thermal expansion coefficients and mechanical properties and in process of packaging temperature rises or drops, the thermal stress is yielded easily. While temperature drops, the normal stress at the quartz oscillator edge is a tensile stress, which can make the quartz oscillator fracture. Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (013605211).     

液腔体中气体射流冲击压力的实验测量

对充液腔体中气体射流的冲击效应进行了实验研究. 测量结果表明了冲击压力的瞬态最 大值、稳态平均值和脉动值随喷管进口压比的增加而增加，冲击区是主要的噪声源和动态压 力承载部位. 通过充气与充水两种状态的对比实验，还揭示了腔体充水时气体射流冲击压力 出现一个上冲阶段，其瞬态最大值比充气值有显著的增加.     

A comparison of flow visualisation and wall pressure measurements for a jet impinging on a plane surface

Several studies of jets impinging on a plane surface have already been made. This paper suggests a new approach to studying impingements of jets. Comparisons have been made between visualisation results and wall pressure measurements. It is shown that only one of these two techniques is sufficient for characterising the flow nature near the wall. Visualisations can be sufficient for determining the location of wall pressure maxima and minima. Detachments and reattachments of the flow are thus located, and the main characteristics of a jet impinging on a plane wall can be shown by simpler experiments such as the spreading over method. Received: 15 October 1998/Accepted: 27 July 1999     

Computations for a jet impinging obliquely on a flat surface

A SIMPLE-C algorithm and Jones-Launder k-ε two-equation turbulence model are used to simulate a two-dimensional jet impinging obliquely on a flat surface. Both the continuity and momentum equations for the unsteady state are cast into suitable finite difference equations. The pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation rate distributions are solved and show good agreement with various experimental data. The calculations show that the flow field structure of the jet impinging obliquely on a flat surface is strongly affected by the oblique impingement angle. The maximum pressure zone of the obliquely impinging jet flow field moves towards the left as the oblique impingement angle is decreased.     

全尺寸隔水管在复杂应力状态下的力学特性试验研究

为对隔水管在复杂应力状态下的力学特性进行试验研究,研制了能够模拟高液压环境下管柱力学行为的特殊试验装置——深水管柱力学模拟试验系统,并借助该系统对全尺寸隔水管在受内外压条件下进行了力学特性模拟试验。结果表明:试验系统运行良好,能够有效地按照要求进行加载、卸载。试验中通过对隔水管试件进行内外压加载,同时对系统两端的轴向活塞加压,消除了由于内外压产生的轴向力,实现了在内外压条件下的隔水管力学特性模拟试验。通过在管柱外壁粘贴电阻应变片,得到了其真实径向应变与环向应变随内外压变化的关系曲线,并通过分析计算得到了试件的真实应力状态。由于隔水管加工制造等方面的误差,真实的应变数据、应力状态与理论推导结果并不重合。为了提高深水作业的安全性与经济性,可以借用试验结果对理论推导值进行修正,也说明了用试验方法进行隔水管力学特性研究的重要性。该试验系统为深水作业管柱等的模拟试验提供了一个良好的平台,能够有效降低深水钻采作业的风险,提高深水钻采作业的经济性与安全性,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

An experiment on the breakup of impinging droplets on a hot surface

Breakup characteristics of liquid droplets impinging on a hot surface are investigated experimentally with the wall temperatures in the Leidenfrost temperature range of 220–330°C for n-decane fuel. Factors influencing droplet breakup are wall temperature, impinging velocity, droplet diameter and impinging angle. The 50% breakup probability shows that the impinging velocity decreases linearly with the droplet diameter increase and there exists an optimum impinging angle near 80° having the minimum value in the impinging velocity for given wall temperature and droplet size. Near the wall temperature of 250°C corresponding to the Leidenfrost temperature, a peculiar nonlinear behavior in the breakup probability is observed.This work was supported by the Turbo and Power Machinery Research Center, Seoul National University.     

Green water impact pressure on a three-dimensional model structure

Green water impact pressure due to plunging breaking waves impinging on a simplified, three-dimensional model structure was investigated in the laboratory. Two breaking wave conditions were tested: one with waves impinging on the vertical wall of the model at the still water level and the other with waves impinging on the horizontal deck surface. Pressure measurements were taken at locations in two vertical planes on the deck surface with one at centerline of deck and the other between the centerline and an edge. Impact pressure was found to be quite different between the two wave conditions even though the incoming waves are essentially identical. Two types of pressure variations were observed??impulsive type and non-impulsive type. Much higher pressure was observed for the deck impingement wave condition, even though the flow velocities were quite close. Void fraction was also measured at selected points. Impact pressure was correlated with the mean kinetic energy calculated based on the measured mean velocities and void fraction. Impact coefficient, defined as the ratio between the maximum pressure at a given point and the corresponding mean kinetic energy, was obtained. For the wall impingement wave condition, the relationship between impact pressure and mean kinetic energy is linear with the impact coefficient close to 1.3. For the deck impingement wave condition, the above relationship does not show good correlation; the impact coefficient was between 0.6 and 7. The impact coefficient was found to be a function of the rate of pressure rise.     

小口径轴对称收缩喷嘴射流冲击大平板噪声指向特性研究

实验研究了3毫米口径轴对称收缩喷嘴在各种压比下射流垂直冲击和倾斜冲击坚固大平板产生的噪声的指向特性。发现噪声在过平板法线和喷嘴轴线的平面内呈近似四瓣分布，当喷嘴与平板距离减小时，指向壁射流下游的瓣得到增强，反之，指向喷嘴上游的瓣得到增强。喷嘴压比增加时，指向壁射流下游的瓣得到增强，反之，指向喷嘴上游的瓣得到增强。根据自由射流噪声的基本指向特性、射流冲击噪声基本指向特性、声波在平板处发生镜面反射和声波能量叠加的设定，建立了一个冲击射流总体噪声指向特性的模型，成功解释了实验结果，并揭示了形成冲击射流总体噪声指向特性的内在机理。     

高速涡轮泵机械密封端面温度变化规律研究

以高速涡轮泵用机械密封为研究对象,以15#液压油为试验介质,考虑循环冷却量、转速、介质压力以及不同摩擦副配对等因素,采用自行搭建的高速密封试验台开展端面温度变化规律的研究. 结果表明:对于高速机械密封,上述因素均对端面温度产生影响,其中转速对端面温度的影响基本成线性关系,循环冷却量对端面温度的影响存在一个阈值,建议实际设计时取阈值的120%,介质压力对端面温度产生影响较大,但是影响程度不如转速;以尽可能获得低的端面温度值来判断,用作静环时浸渍树脂石墨比普通石墨合适,用作动环时碳化硅比钼合金合适.      

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND PENETRATION PERFORMANCE OF WFeNiMo HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY 1)

为了探究不同应变速率下WFeNiMo高熵合金的变形行为和侵彻性能, 采用万能材料试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆开展了高熵合金的静动态力学性能试验, 讨论了其在不同应变速率下变形特征微观机制. 基于弹道枪试验平台开展了高熵合金与典型钨合金(93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe,wt%)破片对有限厚钢靶侵彻作用性能试验研究, 分析了两种合金破片侵彻作用过程与靶板破坏特征、侵彻穿孔能量消耗与撞击速度间的关系. 结果表明: 高熵合金、钨合金材料屈服强度与应变率呈正相关, 且在相同的应变率下高熵合金具有更高的屈服强度; 随着应变率的提高, 高熵合金由脆性断裂、韧脆混合的准解理断裂发展至具有黏着特性的破碎变形模式; 高熵合金具有较强的局部绝热变形能力, 在侵彻薄钢靶时体现出较高的剪切敏感性; 相同撞击速度下, 高熵合金破片穿靶消耗的能量低于钨合金破片, 对于薄钢靶具有更强的侵彻穿透能力. 高熵合金具有优异的力学性能和侵彻能力, 在高速撞击薄靶板时除了传统的剪切冲塞作用还具有一定的能量释放特性, 在预制破片上有较好的应用前景.     

Study on particle removal efficiency of an impinging jet by an image-processing method

 An image-processing method is proposed to obtain the distribution of the removal efficiency of particles on a plate by an air jet. This method can be used to measure particle removal from a flat surface by processing the image of the reflected light from the surface. Factors affecting the particle removal efficiency such as air pressure, distance between the nozzle and the impinging surface and the impinging angle are discussed. Optimal conditions are determined to obtain the most effective particle removal by the air jet. Received: 10 April 2001 / Accepted: 2 August 2001     

ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金JH-2模型研究

为了更好的进行ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金药型罩的爆炸成形及侵彻仿真研究,首要就是建立其材料模型。本文结合ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金力学性能试验结果计算得到了材料的JH-2模型参数,研究确定了ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金JH-2模型。为了验证ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金JH-2模型的准确性,采用Autodyn建立了平板撞击试验有限元模型,模拟了ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金材料在高压、高应变率等环境条件下的变形过程,仿真计算得到的靶板背面自由面粒子速度与试验结果相比,速度平均偏差均在3%以内,表明ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金JH-2模型能很好的描述该材料在大变形、高应变率、高压等环境条件下的力学行为,验证了ZrCuNiAlAg块体非晶合金JH-2模型准确性。