Cl对气态亚硝酸（HONO）直接提氢反应机理的研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了Cl对气态亚硝酸（HONO）直接提取氢的反应机理。在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上,优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型;通过频率分析对各分子构型进行了确认;并利用QCISD(T)方法计算了各分子单点能量。计算结果表明,HONO分子具有顺式和反式两种构型;常温条件下,Cl对顺式构型直接提取氢的反应竞争性具有明显优势,其主要反应途径为：cis-HONO+Cl→cis-M1→cis-TS→cis-M2→HCl+NO2。     

H_2O分子在HONO+OH→NO_2+H_2O反应中的催化机制研究

本文采用CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-p VDZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311+G(2df,2p)方法并结合过渡态理论对HONO+OH→H_2O+NO_2抽氢反应以及H_2O参与该反应的微观机理和速率常数进行了理论研究.结果表明,由于复合物HONO…H_2O的高浓度和稳定性,我们预测HONO…H_2O+OH反应的大气相关性将比H_2O…HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO明显得多.进一步的速率常数计算结果表明,cisHONO…H_2O+OH反应的速率常数比H_2O…cis-HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO反应大了8～4个数量级.然而,cis-HONO…H_2O+OH反应的有效速率常数比无催化剂主反应cis-HONO+OH低了7～3个数量级.表明在实际大气环境中,H_2O对HONO+OH反应的催化效果并不明显.     

SiH3+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对SiH3+O(3P)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,并在QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明,SiH3+O(3P)→IM1→TS3→IM2→TS8→HOSi+H2为主反应通道,其他可能存在的次要产物有HSiOH+H、H2SiO+H和HSiO+H2.HOSi、HSiO和HSiOH(cis)还可能进一步解离生成SiO.另外,计算结果对SiH4+O(3P)反应机理中存在的争议给出了可能的解释,认为Withnall等人在实验中观察到的产物HSiOH、H2SiO和SiO并不是SiH4+O(3P)反应的直接产物,而是来自副反应SiH3+O(3P).     

CH3CH2+N(4S)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对CH3CH2+N(4S)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,并在QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明,CH2CH2+3NH和H2CN+CH3是此反应主要产物,CH3CHN+H是此反应次要产物.产物CH2CH2+3NH主要来自直接氢抽提反应通道,H2CN+CH3来自加成-解离反应通道,CH3CHN+H来自加成-解离反应通道.     

CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对CH3CH2+O(3P)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,并在QCISD(T)/6311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明:CH2O+CH3、CH3CHO+H和CH2CH2+OH是主要反应产物,其中CH2O+CH3主要来自反应通道A1:(R)→IM1→TS3→(A),CH3CHO+H主要来自反应通道B1:(R)→IM1→TS4→(B),CH2CH2+OH主要来自直接抽提反应通道C1和C2:(R)→TS1(TS2)→(C).计算结果同时表明该反应生成CO的通道能垒是非常高的,CO应该不是主要产物.     

N(4S)+CH3X(X=Cl、Br)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对N(4S)+CH3X(X=Cl、Br)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,在MP2/6311++G(3df,2p)和QCISD(T)/6311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算,并用G2MP2方法计算了所有物种的能量.计算结果表明,反应存在三条反应通道:H抽提反应通道a、Cl或Br抽提反应通道b和替代反应通道c.对于N(4S)+CH3Cl反应,a反应通道是主反应通道,b和c反应通道在反应中有少量贡献.对于N(4S)+CH3Br反应,a反应通道是主反应通道,b和c反应通道在反应中有一定的贡献.     

Cu(Ι)催化合成六氢氮类杂卓衍生物反应机理的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,研究了Cu(I)催化六氢氮杂卓衍生物偶联反应的微观反应机理.在6-31+G(d)的水平下,对反应路径中的所有反应物、中间物、过渡态和产物进行了构型优化,通过振动频率分析及内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算对过渡态进行了验证,应用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些物质的轨道间相互作用及成键特征.报道了可能的反应通道CuI+R1+R2→IM2→TS1→IM3→TS2→IM4→IM5→TS3→IM6→TS4→IM7→P1→P1+IM8→IM9a→TS5a→IM10a→TS6a→IM11a→IM12→TS7→IM13→TS8→IM14→TS9→IM15→P2活化能相对较低,是主要的反应通道.同时对比研究了在没有Cu(Ι)催化剂时,反应的活化能为199.01kJ/mol,而在Cu(Ι)催化下,反应活化能为176.94kJ/mol,说明了Cu(Ι)催化剂促进了反应的进行.     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法对CH2 Cl与OH自由基反应生成HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl的机理进行了研究 .在UMP2 (FC) / 6 311++G 水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率 ;并在Gaussian 3(G3)水平上计算了他们的零点能 (ZPE)、相对能量及总能量 .结果表明 ,CH2 Cl和OH自由基反应首先经无垒过程生成一个富能中间体CH2 ClOH ,中间体再经过一系列原子转移、基团旋转和键断裂分别生成产物HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl;三者均为放热反应 ,放热量分别为 72 .81、338.5 4和 35 4 .0 8kJ/mol;生成H2 CO +HCl放出的热量比生成HCCl+H2 O放出的热量多 2 81.2 7kJ/mol,与实验结果吻合 .     

Cu(Ι)催化合成六氢氮类杂卓衍生物反应机理的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,研究了Cu(I)催化六氢氮杂卓衍生物偶联反应的微观反应机理。在6-31+G(d)的水平下,对反应路径中的所有反应物、中间物、过渡态和产物进行了构型优化,通过振动频率分析及内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算对过渡态进行了验证,应用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些物质的轨道间相互作用及成键特征。报道了可能的反应通道CuI+R1+R2→IM2→TS1→IM3→TS2→IM4→IM5→TS3→IM6→TS4→IM7→P1→P1 +IM8→IM9a→TS5a→IM10a→TS6a→IM11a→IM12→TS7→IM13→TS8→IM14→TS9→IM15→P2活化能相对较低,是主要的反应通道。同时对比研究了在没有Cu(Ι)催化剂时,反应的活化能为199.01kJ/mol,而在Cu(Ι)催化下,反应活化能为176.94kJ/mol,说明了Cu(Ι)催化剂促进了反应的进行。     

Theoretical Study of Haloacetonitrile Anions: CH2XCN- (X=F, Cl)

使用HF-SCF、Becke3-LYP和MP2理论方法和Dunnning基组aug-cc-PVTZ对卤代乙腈负离子CH2XCN-(X=F,Cl)进行一系列计算. 计算说明电子垂直贴附到中性分子是吸热反应. 构型优化的负离子CH2FCN-主要是价层束缚类型,CH2FCN-→CH2CN+F-是非绝热解离过程. 在描述负离子的电子结构以及解离贴附动力学时, 理论计算与实验结果比较得出Becke3-LYP方法是合理的,然而在CH2ClCN-→CH2CN+Cl-的解离势能曲线的计算中,MP2和Becke3-LYP方法有显著的不同.     

Understanding the Effects of Ultrasound (408 kHz) on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) on Raney-Ni in Alkaline Media

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the Raney-Ni mesh electrode in 30 wt.-% aqueous KOH solution were studied in the absence (silent) and presence of ultrasound (408 kHz, ∼54 W, 100% acoustic amplitude) at different electrolyte temperatures (T = 25, 40 and 60 °C). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were performed to analyse the electrochemical behaviour of the Raney-Ni electrode under these conditions. Under silent conditions, it was found that the electrocatalytic activity of Raney-Ni towards the HER and the OER depends upon the electrolyte temperature, and higher current densities at lower overpotentials were achieved at elevated temperatures. It was also observed that the HER activity of Raney-Ni under ultrasonic conditions increased at low temperatures (e.g., 25 °C) while the ultrasonic effect on the OER was found to be insignificant. In addition, it was observed that the ultrasonic effect on both the HER and OER decreases by elevating the temperature. In our conditions, it is suggested that ultrasound enhances the electrocatalytic performance of Raney-Ni towards the HER due to principally the efficient gas bubble removal from the electrode surface and the dispersion of gas bubbles into the electrolyte, and this effect depends upon the behaviour of the hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles in alkaline media.     

Photochemical kinetics for holographic grating formation in phenanthrenequinone doped poly (methyl methacrylate) photopolymer

The photochemical kinetics of phenanthrenequinone (PQ) doped poly (methyl methacrylate) photopolymer in holographic recording was studied theoretically and experimentally. The diffusion of PQ molecules during holographic recording was negligible because of its small diffusion coefficient at room temperature. A photochemical reaction kinetics model of PQ/PMMA was established. The analytical expressions for the temporal variations of transmittance and diffraction efficiency were derived. By fitting the experimental curves, some parameters related with the polymer components were obtained by the proposed model, which can be used to analyze the photochemical process and will be helpful to the optimization of material preparation.     

A DFT study of Ti3C2O2 MXenes quantum dots supported on single layer graphene: Electronic structure and hydrogen evolution performance

Heterojunction structure has been extensively employed for the design of novel catalysts. In the present study, density functional theory was utilized to investigate the electronic structure and hydrogen evolution performance of Ti₃C₂O₂ MXene quantum dots/graphene (QDs/G) heterostructure. Results show that a slight distortion can be observed in graphene after hybriding with QDs, due to which the electronic structure of QDs have been changed. Associated with such QDs-graphene interaction, the catalytic activity of Ti₃C₂O₂ QDs has been optimized, leading to excellent HER catalytic performance.     

Copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction of unsymmetrical alkyne with HB(pin): a density functional theory study

With the aid of density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the mechanism of copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction between unsymmetrical alkyne 1‐phenyl‐1‐butyne and HB(pin). The results of the density functional theory calculations show that the reaction mechanism involves syn‐addition of catalyst ([NHC]CuH) (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) to 1‐phenyl‐1‐butyne to form the alkenyl copper intermediates 2a and 5a , and then intermediates 2a and 5a react with HB(pin) to give intermediates 3 ( 3a , 3b ) and 6 ( 6a , 6b ), and finally elimination of catalyst completes the catalytic cycle and yields the α‐product P₁ and β‐product P₂ . We found that α‐product should be more favored than β‐product. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental findings. The present paper may provide a useful guide for understanding other analogous copper‐catalyzed hydroboration of unsymmetrical alkynes.     

掺杂钐离子的邻苯二甲酸锌的光谱研究

应用微波反应方法制备了掺杂钐离子的邻苯二甲酸锌(Zn(Pht))化合物,采用XRD,FTIR,NIR FT-Raman,固体样品漫反射紫外-可见光谱(DRS UV/Vis),荧光光谱和热重分析(TG)对其结构进行了分析表征。傅里叶变换红外和拉曼分析表明,在化合物中邻苯二甲酸酐中邻位的二个羟酸根各以单齿和Zn配位,其π→π*的跃迁由255和289 nm移向235和270 nm。该化合物在240 nm的光激发下,在560,596,642和670 nm附近产生较强的发射峰,它们分别对应于Sm3+的从4G_5/2,6H_7/2,6H_9/2和6H_11/2激发态到基态的发射,结果表明,Zn(Pht)显著地提高了Sm3+的发射效率。在荧光寿命谱中,化合物以240 nm激发所产生的596和642 nm的发射峰,其荧光寿命分别为τ₁=1.57 ns,τ₂=76.94 ns和τ₁=1.19 ns,τ₂=55.64 ns。TG分析表明,所研究的化合物在380℃开始分解,具有较高的热稳定性。     

反应离子刻蚀与离子刻蚀方法的研究与比较

在制备所有的NbN超导隧道结的过程中,为了得到良好的隧道结,刻蚀是很关键的一步,我们对反应离子刻蚀(RIE)和离子刻蚀两种不同的方法进行了研究比较.通过对多层结构用三种不同的方法刻蚀,再进行SEM观察切面图像,发现离子刻蚀出来的薄膜边缘,与离子源与基片摆放的方向有很大的关系,而RIE刻蚀的结区边缘较为平缓且结果稳定,有利于我们制备更好质量的超导隧道结.     

双核系统预平衡偶极巨共振

讨论了在对称质量入射道和非对称质量入射道条件下,稍高于库仑位垒的熔合反应动力学过程中形成的长寿命双核系统,以及建立在其上的GDR的性质.计算表明,双核系统巨共振能量分裂为两个.     

A Bayesian-neural-network prediction for fragment production in proton induced spallation reaction

Fragment production in spallation reactions yields key infrastructure data for various applications. Based on the empirical SPACS parameterizations, a Bayesian-neural-network (BNN) approach is established to predict the fragment cross sections in proton-induced spallation reactions. A systematic investigation has been performed for the measured proton-induced spallation reactions of systems ranging from intermediate to heavy nuclei systems and incident energies ranging from 168 MeV/u to 1500 MeV/u. By learning the residuals between the experimental measurements and SPACS predictions, it is found that the BNN-predicted results are in good agreement with the measured results. The established method is suggested to benefit the related research on nuclear astrophysics, nuclear radioactive beam sources, accelerator driven systems, proton therapy, etc.