Lipids of cottonseed and palm oils and compositions based on them

The phsicochemical indices and the fatty-acid and triacylglycerol compositions of cottonseed and palm oils, of cottonseed oil hydrogenate, and of compositions based on them have been determined with the aid of IR and UV spectroscopies, GLC analysis, and chemical transformations. The compositions and amounts of the main classes of lipids in the initial oils and the hydrogenate have been studied. It has been found that in the process of hydrogenation the amount of oxygenated components falls.The work was conducted with the financial support of the Uzbek Fund for Fundamental Investigations.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. FAX (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 471–474, July–August, 1994.     

Triacylglycerols of fractionated cottonseed oil

The fatty-acid and triacylglycerol compositions of forepressing cottonseed oil and the refined and standard oils, and also of the palmitin fraction have been studied. It has been shown that the scheme of fractionation adopted does not give a clear separation of cottonseed oil into salad oil and palmitin. It has been found that typical compositions of the diunsaturated-monosaturated TAGs of the forepressing and refined and salad oils are practically the same, while the amount of diun-saturated-monosaturated TAGs in the palmitin fraction is far higher than in the others.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. SredazNIPKIPishcheprom [Central Asian Scientific-Research, Design, and Construction Institute of the Food Industry], Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 161–163, March–April, 1981.     

Stereospecific analysis of the triacylglycerols of a cottonseed oil hydrogenate and its fractions

A cottonseed oil hydrogenate has been fractionated into three fractions: high-melting, medium-melting, and liquid. It has been established that the fat of the second fraction, because of its physicochemical indices, consistency, and the distribution of the saturated fatty acyl radicals in the extreme positions of the TAG molecules, can be regarded as a cocoa butter substitute.     

傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱识别五种植物油的研究

以花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、棉籽油和米糠油为样品,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,采集傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱,对光谱预处理后,提取红外特征信息,以1746cm-1和2855cm-1处的吸收峰面积比值为横坐标,1099cm-1处与1119cm-1处的吸收峰面积比为纵坐标,在Origin6.0上做出二维分布图,对各种油脂进行识别分析。结果显示,大豆油与其它4种油脂之间有明显区分;大豆油、花生油和芝麻油分布效果好,但棉籽油各样品点之间比较分散;能与其它油脂区分开的有以下几种分布花生油明显区别于芝麻油、棉籽油和大豆油;米糠油明显区别于棉籽油和大豆油。分布有交叉的油脂有米糠油与花生油或芝麻油有交叉,棉籽油与芝麻油有交叉。     

Stereospecific analysis of the triacylglycerols of a cottonseed oil hydrogenate and its fractions

A cottonseed oil hydrogenate has been fractionated into three fractions: high-melting, medium-melting, and liquid. It has been established that the fat of the second fraction, because of its physicochemical indices, consistency, and the distribution of the saturated fatty acyl radicals in the extreme positions of the TAG molecules, can be regarded as a cocoa butter substitute.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 509–513, July–August, 1987.     

Influence of the chemical composition of plant oils on cytochrome P-450

The influence of sunflowerseed and cottonseed oils and also of fractions of normal and oxidized triacylglycerols isolated from them on cytochrome P-450 from rat liver microsomes has been investigated.     

Functional composition and IR spectra of cottonseed husk hydrolysis lignin and its derivatives

The functional compositions of cottonseed husk hydrolysis lignin and its derivatives have been determined and their IR spectra have been studied. A possible formation of stronger hydrogen bonds in derivatives of hydrolysis lignin has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 392–397, May–June, 1999.     

Rapid screening of mixed edible oils and gutter oils by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Authentication of edible oils is a long-term issue in food safety, and becomes particularly important with the emergence and wide spread of gutter oils in recent years. Due to the very high analytical demand and diversity of gutter oils, a high throughput analytical method and a versatile strategy for authentication of mixed edible oils and gutter oils are highly desirable. In this study, an improved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) method has been developed for direct analysis of edible oils. This method involved on-target sample loading, automatic data acquisition and simple data processing. MALDI-MS spectra with high quality and high reproducibility have been obtained using this method, and a preliminary spectral database of edible oils has been set up. The authenticity of an edible oil sample can be determined by comparing its MALDI-MS spectrum and principal component analysis (PCA) results with those of its labeled oil in the database. This method is simple and the whole process only takes several minutes for analysis of one oil sample. We demonstrated that the method was sensitive to change in oil compositions and can be used for measuring compositions of mixed oils. The capability of the method for determining mislabeling enables it for rapid screening of gutter oils since fraudulent mislabeling is a common feature of gutter oils.     

The monoterpenes of the essential oils of coniferous trees of Siberia

Summary 1. The essential oils of some coniferous Siberian trees isolated under industrial conditions have been investigated.2. The physicochemical characteristics and group compositions of the essential oils have been determined.3. The substance compositions of the monoterpene hydrocarbons have been determined by the GLC method.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, N. 6, pp. 784–786, November–December, 1977.     

A hydrogenate of cottonseed oil as a base for suppositories

The compositions of two samples of hydrogenated cottonseed oil recommended as fatty bases for suppositories have been studied. Their physicochemical indices have been determined. Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, fax (3712) 56 45 04. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 459–460, July–August, 1998.     

The chemical composition of the essential oil of the larch

Summary The essential oils of various species of larch have been separated by gas-liquid chromatography under conditions of linear temperature programming.Of the 45 compounds present in each of the essential oils, 32 components have been identified, 16 of which have not previously been found in larch essential oil.The chemical compositions of the oxygen-containing and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of four species and one variety of larch have been studied. It has been shown that there is no quantitative difference between the compositions of the individual species of larch and only their quantitative compositions differ.Voronezh Institute of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 456–462, July–August, 1976.     

Composition of the waxes from the production wastes of lavender and sage oils

The chemical compositions of the waxes and the wastes from the production of lavender and sage oils and also the influence of industrial treatment with hydrogen peroxide on their composition have been established.     

Dynamics of the accumulation of the monoterpenoids ofCitrus limon

The amounts and compositions of the essential oils in the leaves and fruit of Meyer's lemon in the various vegetation periods have been studied. It has been established that as the fruit ripens the amount of essential oils and of monoterpene hydrocarbons in its peel and in the leaves increases.     

Phospholipids from industrial cottonseed meal

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the phospholipids isolated from industrial cottonseed meal have been studied. The meal contains a mixture of phospholipids that may be a source for the production of individual phospholipids. The total and position distributions of the fatty acid radicals in individual phospholipids have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 698–700, November–December, 1983.     

Composition of the seed oils ofOriganum tyttanthum andMentha asiatica

The fatty oils of the seeds ofOriganum tyttanthum andMentha asiatica (family Labiatae) have been investigated. The glyceride and fatty-acid compositions of the two oils have been determined. From the oil ofM. asiatica have been isolated the new acid 9-hydroxyoctadeca-12-cis,15-cis-dienoic acid and a mixture of six unsaturated oxo acids.     

Composition of the triacylglycerols of the seeds of some representatives of the family labiatae

The fatty acid compositions of five species and the compositions of the triacylglycerols of 22 species of the family labiatae have been studied for the first time. Octadeca-ε12,13-dienoic acid has been detected in five species. The typical compositions of the triacylglycerols differs from those of known plant oils with a similar set of fatty acids by the absence of triacylglycerols of the S₃ type and the presence of the S₂U type (0.1–1.6%). The main types are SU₂ (5–24%) and U₃ (74–95%). In a comparison of the position-species composition of the oils studied it was found that the oils of the plants of this family are distinguished by a greater diversity of species of triacylglycerols and also by the nature of the distribution of the unsaturated acyl residues between the 1,3- and 2-positions. In the majority of oils studied, the 2- position is enriched with the 18:1 acid, while the 18:2 acid is distributed predominantly in the 1,3- positions, and the nature of the distribution of the 18:3 acid is determined by its proportion in the total.     

Lubricant properties of Moringa oil using thermal and tribological techniques

The increasing application of biobased lubricants could significantly reduce environmental pollution and contribute to the replacement of petroleum base oils. Vegetable oils are recognized as rapidly biodegradable and are thus promising candidates for use as base fluids in formulation of environment friendly lubricants. Although many vegetable oils have excellent lubricity, they often have poor oxidation and low temperature stability. Here in, we report the lubricant potential of Moringa oil, which has 74% oleic acid content and thus possess improved oxidation stability over many other natural oils. For comparison, Jatropha oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil and sunflower oil were also studied. Among these oils, Moringa oil exhibits the highest thermo-oxidative stability measured using PDSC and TG. Canola oil demonstrated superior low temperature stability as measured using cryogenic DSC, pour point and cloud point measurements. The friction and wear properties were measured using HFRR. Overall, it was concluded that Moringa oil has potential in formulation of industrial fluids for high temperature applications. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

A study of the oils of Ocimum basilicum and Cardaria repens

Summary The seed oils of the plantsOcimum basilicum andCardaria repens have been studied. Their physico-chemical properties and fatty acid and glyceride compositions have been determined. Both oils contain a hydroxy acid of undetermined structure. The oil ofOcimum basilicum contains an unusual trienic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 7–11, January, 1971.     

在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成

建立了分析棉籽仁中脂肪酸组成的在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法。将0.3 mg棉籽仁样品与2 μ L三甲基氢氧化硫（0.2 mol/L）加入裂解器,在350℃下进行甲基化反应,通过气相色谱仪进行分离分析,共检测到8种脂肪酸甲酯成分,分别为亚油酸（C18：2）、油酸（C18：1）、棕榈酸（C16：0）、硬脂酸（C18：0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）、棕榈油酸（C16：1）、花生酸（C20：0）和二十二酸（C22：0）,不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为66.30%~72.54%,其中亚油酸的相对含量为43.20%~53.61%,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%（n=5）。通过分析5组棉籽仁样品与3种食用油中的脂肪酸组成,结果表明不同产地的棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成差异不明显,且棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成与玉米油最为接近,相似度为0.960~0.992。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成。