永磁磁浮轴承的设计及其计算

介绍了永磁磁浮轴承结构图及其工作原理。采用等效表面电流法和 Ansoft三维有限元电磁场计算软件计算比较了永磁磁浮轴承的悬浮力。永磁磁浮轴承的损耗主要包括磁阻力矩损耗和涡流损耗。文章推导了频域涡流场和涡流电流密度公式 ,计算了磁阻力矩损耗功率和涡流损耗功率。在无轴承电机、高速离心机、飞轮储能、航空陀螺仪等高速旋转系统中具有广泛的应用前景。     

无轴承式高温超导飞轮储能系统样机设计

针对现有飞轮储能系统中的机械摩擦等问题,提出了无轴承式高温超导飞轮储能装置。储能装置利用高温超导块材料的迈斯纳效应使安装有永磁体的飞轮悬浮,实现无轴承。定子侧安装有三相对称绕组与飞轮构成同步电机结构。利用陀螺仪效应,使飞轮高速旋转,实现储能。利用有限元分析软件,对超导块与永磁体间的作用力进行仿真分析,对在不同尺寸的圆柱永磁体下的悬浮力进行比较。在此基础上,进行飞轮和装置结构设计,并对储能装置储能性能进行了测试,验证了方案的可行性。     

高温超导磁悬浮径向轴承悬浮特性分析

高温超导磁悬浮轴承凭借无源自稳定的优良特性,在飞轮储能系统中拥有巨大的应用潜能,其主要结构由高温超导定子和永磁转子组成。而轴承的悬浮特性直接决定飞轮转子的设计和飞轮储能系统的容量大小。本文基于磁通冻结镜像法的思想,对高温超导径向磁悬浮轴承的悬浮特性进行分析,并对轴承轴向/径向悬浮力和刚度参数进行计算。结果表明:轴承的悬浮力和刚度随着初始径向位置、径向位移和轴向位移的变化而变化;在相同的位移条件和研究的位移范围内,径向悬浮力/刚度皆大于轴向的情况,且两者相差约一个数量级。     

飞轮储能用磁悬浮轴承研究进展北大核心

磁悬浮轴承已在高速飞轮储能和旋转机械等重要领域得到广泛应用。系统研究了高速飞轮储能用永磁悬浮、电磁悬浮、超导悬浮和混合悬浮轴承的工作原理、结构型式和特点,分析了各种磁悬浮轴承的悬浮力、刚度,并介绍了国内外研究现状以及待解决的关键技术问题,阐述了未来发展趋势。     

高温超导磁悬浮飞轮储能系统样机

在日益严峻的能源问题背景下,为展示无源高温超导磁悬浮技术在能量储存领域的应用前景,我们设计制作了一台全高温超导磁悬浮形式的飞轮储能样机.样机主要由高温超导磁悬浮轴承、飞轮转子、永磁电机和电路控制及负载部分组成.上下两个轴向型高温超导磁悬浮轴承用于悬浮和稳定飞轮转轴,直径200mm重量1.4kg的飞轮转子作为储能载体,最高可实现13000r/min的转速.在演示运行中,采用灯泡作为负载,该样机完成了从电能→机械能→电能的相互转换.     

飞轮储能器的新型高温超导悬浮轴承研究

储能器是一种储存能量的装置,随着高温超导悬浮轴承运用到飞轮储能器中,储能效率得到了大大的提高。它的主要结构是由高温超导体和永磁体组成。文中提出一种全新高温超导悬浮轴承,并研究其的力学性能,为新型超导悬浮轴承的研究与开发做好了基础准备。     

小型高速超导磁浮轴承优化设计北大核心

轴承是高速机电设备的核心部件。高温超导磁浮轴承具有载重大、刚度高、抗干扰能力强、无需主动控制等诸多优点,可以实现重载高速运行,因此在高速机电设备中具有巨大应用潜力。文中针对中小型飞轮储能器、离心机、脉冲电机等设备实际工程需求,设计并优化完成了一款小型高速超导磁浮轴承。通过三维仿真程序,对磁浮轴承中超导块材和永磁阵列的组合方式和电磁力进行了计算,并对不同气隙下的轴承性能进行了对比。相较于传统二维仿真计算,三维仿真结果考虑了超导块材的空间位置分布,更贴近实际应用,可以作为工程设计的直接参考。相关设计表明,通过合理优化,小型超导磁浮轴承具备足够悬浮力和导向力刚度,可以满足相关系统的工程应用需求。     

小型高速超导磁浮轴承优化设计

轴承是高速机电设备的核心部件。高温超导磁浮轴承具有载重大、刚度高、抗干扰能力强、无需主动控制等诸多优点,可以实现重载高速运行,因此在高速机电设备中具有巨大应用潜力。文中针对中小型飞轮储能器、离心机、脉冲电机等设备实际工程需求,设计并优化完成了一款小型高速超导磁浮轴承。通过三维仿真程序,对磁浮轴承中超导块材和永磁阵列的组合方式和电磁力进行了计算,并对不同气隙下的轴承性能进行了对比。相较于传统二维仿真计算,三维仿真结果考虑了超导块材的空间位置分布,更贴近实际应用,可以作为工程设计的直接参考。相关设计表明,通过合理优化,小型超导磁浮轴承具备足够悬浮力和导向力刚度,可以满足相关系统的工程应用需求。     

高温超导磁悬浮轴承选择与设计

新型无摩擦高速高温超导磁悬浮轴承是高温超导磁悬浮技术最有潜力的应用之一,具有巨大的工业应用前景。文中分析比较了轴向型和径向型两种高温超导磁悬浮轴承的特点,并利用轴向型高温超导磁悬浮轴承结构简单、制作容易的优点,设计制作了一台双轴向型高温超导磁悬浮轴承样机。实验结果显示,上、下两高温超导磁悬浮轴承完全实现了2.4kg转轴的稳定悬浮及无接触旋转运行,目前受驱动电机转速限制,最高试验转速为3000 rpm。在稳定运行的基础上,该轴承样机将最终用于高温超导飞轮储能系统的原理演示。     

超导技术在飞轮储能系统中的应用及前景

阐述了飞轮储能装置原理和超导磁悬浮理论,并设计了超导飞轮储能系统的基本结构。采用超导磁悬浮轴承技术可以解决普通的飞轮储能系统由于有机械轴承摩擦产生的能量损耗,克服普通飞轮储能的低效、储能时间短等问题。最后简要介绍了超导飞轮储能技术的发展前景。     

The flow noise level at microphones in flow ducts

When sound measurements are made in flow ducts one has to insure that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound signal to the flow noise, which is produced by the turbulent flow at the microphone, is sufficiently high. To accomplish this, knowledge of the flow noise level under the specific given flow conditions is required. In this paper two procedures for determining the flow noise level are described. For the first method, the mean flow velocity and the turbulence level have to be known to estimate the flow noise level as a function of duct diameter and frequency. For the second method knowledge of only the mean flow velocity is required. The procedure involves two measurements: one with a microphone fitted with a conventional nose cone and one with a microphone fitted with a slit-tube. The slit-tube is a special device for reducing the flow noise level. Finally, guidelines are given for sound measurements in the presence of flow and for the use of a microphone with a slit-tube under unusual temperature conditions or in gases other than air.     

Thickness of SiO2 thin film on silicon wafer measured by dispersive white-light spectral interferometry

We present a white-light spectral interferometric technique for measuring the thickness of SiO₂ thin film on a silicon wafer. The technique utilizes a slightly dispersive Michelson interferometer with a cube beam splitter and a fibre-optic spectrometer to record channelled spectra in two configurations. In the first, a standard configuration with two identical metallic mirrors, the recorded channelled spectrum is fitted to the theoretical one to determine the effective thickness of the beam splitter made of BK7 optical glass. In the second configuration one of the mirrors is replaced by SiO₂ thin film on the silicon wafer and the recorded channelled spectrum is fitted to the theoretical one to determine the thin-film thickness. We consider multiple reflection within the thin-film structure, use the optical constants for all the materials involved in the set-up, and confirm very good agreement between theory and experiment. The technique is applied to four samples with various SiO₂ film thicknesses. PACS 07.60.Ly; 68.55.Jk; 78.20     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms in titanium at a temperature of 30OK. The nucleation and growth of helium bubble has been simulated up to 50 helium atoms. The approach to simulate the bubble growth is to add helium atoms one by one to the bubble and let the system evolve. The titanium cohesion is based on the tight binding scheme derived from the embedded atom method, and the helium-titanium interaction is characterized by fitted potential in the form of a Lennard-Jones function. The pressure in small helium bubbles is approximately calculated. The simulation results show that the pressure will decrease with the increasing bubble size, while increase with the increasing helium atoms. An analytic function about the quantitative relationship of the pressure with the bubble size and number of helium atoms is also fitted.     

Preliminary Study on Measurement of Magnetic Center of Quadrupoles Using Quadrupole Shunt for Hefei Storage Ring

The theoretical analysis of the DC K-modulation of quadrupole for the beam-based alignment method is presented. It is shown that the shift of the orbit,when the focussing strength of one quadrupole magnet is changed,can be described by the perturbed or unperturbed linear lattice parameters. The beam-based alignment system is constructed using DC K-modulation of quadrupole. In order to use the beam-based alignment method one must be able to individually adjust the strength of the quadrupole magnet. So,a switchable shunt resistor is installed on quadrupole to bypass 1%-2.5% magnet current and some solid-state relays are used to switch the shunt resistor in this beam-based alignment system. To improve the measurement accuracy,two methods are used. First method is that beam positions in measured quadrupole magnet are moved by local bump of beam closed orbit using the corrector magnets. Second method is that the root-mean-square of difference in closed orbit is fitted by a parabola function. The system can be not only used to position the beam in the magnetic center of quadrupoles,but also to measure the β function in quadrupole magnets. Some preliminary measurement results are given for Hefei 800MeV electron storage ring. These experimental results show that this system is valid to position the beam to the center of the quadrupole magnets and measure the β function at Hefei Light Source.     

Systematics of Periodic Windows in the Double-Diffusive Convection System

The dynamics of truncated double-diffusive convection system on a parameter axis is studied with symbolic dynamics. It is found that the systematics of periodic windows interspersed in chaotic region for its one-dimensional (ID) return maps (to be defined in the text) can be fitted into the universal form for the ID mappings with two critical points and the antisymetric property.     

光学相干控制中脉冲光束等相面的实时测控

描述了飞秒脉冲基频光、倍频光光束位相差对相干控制光电流注入的控制作用,提出一种控制基频光、倍频光在全光孔径干涉光场内的等相面保持一致的实验方案,制作了一套相位差稳定自动控制系统,并应用于光学相干控制光电流实验中,获得较好的实时控制结果.     

He-HF碰撞体系相互作用势及散射截面的理论研究

首先以与散射数据和实验结果符合较好的BFW势为依据,拟合了He-HF碰撞体系相互作用的ESMSV势,并与其它势进行比较,验证了拟合势的可靠性;然后采用密耦近似方法计算了不同势下He原子和基态HF分子碰撞的散射截面,并将计算结果与散射实验数据作了比较;最后研究了该碰撞体系散射截面的变化规律.研究表明:拟合势能较好地描述He-HF系统相互作用的基本特征.     

Perturbation treatment of doublet splittings in rotational spectra of molecules with two equivalent conformations separated by nonequivalent energy barriers

A method is described for analyzing doublet splittings in rotational spectracaused by tunneling between two equivalent conformations, under the restriction that the tunneling motion be effectively aperiodic. The splittings can mainly be fitted with three parameters: the purely torsional doublet splitting ΔE and two Euler angles β and γ, which characterize the transformation between the principal-axis system and the Eckart-axis system. The method is numerically very fast when the splittings are small enough to allow the use of perturbation theory. Examples are given to show that a simple correlation between β and γ with the path of the tunneling process is possible.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of the fracture behavior of shock loaded alumina

Plate impact expeiments are conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of alumina by using one stage light gas gun. A ve-locity interferometer system for reflectors (VISAR) is used to obtain Hugoniot elastic limit and the free surface velocity profile,which consists of an elastic wave followed immediately by a dispersive inelastic wave. The stress histories under different impact velocities are measured by in-material manganin gauges. Based on the experimental data a Hugoniot curve is fitted,which shows ...     

闪光照相系统成像重复性的测量

为了更直观利用照像图像信息考察照相系统的重复性,提出了利用等光程条件下的黑密度分布曲线对成像重复性进行测量的方法,通过两次成像的黑密度分布曲线的线性拟合参数来评估成像系统的成像重复性。实验测量了有无后锥条件下的闪光照相系统的重复性以及底片接收系统的成像重复性,实验结果表明:后锥的存在对成像重复性没有明显影响,底片接收时闪光照相系统的成像重复性约为5%,底片本身引入的成像重复误差约为1.6%。