ZrN-Sialon复相粉体对Al2O3-C耐火材料性能的影响

采用酚醛树脂为结合剂,板状刚玉、石墨为主要原料,ZrN-Sialon复相粉体为添加剂,制备Al2O3-C耐火材料.研究了ZrN-Sialon复相粉体对Al2O3-C耐火材料常温物理性能、抗热震性能以及抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明:ZrN-Sialon复相粉体加入量为9;时,材料的常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度最高,分别为59.93 MPa、18.75 MPa;此时材料的抗热震性能最佳,三次热震试验后强度保持率为79.60;;加入适量的ZrN-Sialon复相粉体可以明显提高材料的抗氧化性能,但加入量过多不利于抗氧化能力提高,ZrN-Sialon的加入量为9;时材料表现出较好的抗氧化能力.     

CeO2添加对Ta2O5低膨胀陶瓷结构与性能的影响

采用干压成型和高温固相反应烧结制备了CeO2改性Ta2O5低膨胀陶瓷材料.研究了CeO2加入量对制备的Ta2O5陶瓷样品的物相组成、微观结构、热膨胀性能、抗折强度和抗热震性能等的影响.结果表明,经1450℃保温2h烧成,纯Ta2O5陶瓷由β-Ta2O5组成,存在明显的开裂现象,表现出负的热膨胀系数(-1.02×10-6℃-1)和低的抗折强度(1.69 MPa).添加CeO2后,除β-Ta2O5主晶相外,还生成了六方相针状CeTa7O19晶体.适量CeO2的加入可有效抑制Ta2O5陶瓷的高温可逆相转变和消除开裂现象,形成致密的微观结构,样品呈现低的正热膨胀系数,抗折强度和抗热震性能显著提高.     

耐高温氧化锆-刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷的制备及其抗热震性

以煤系高岭土、α-Al2O3和部分稳定氧化锆(PSZ, 3;molY2O3)为原料,制备了耐高温氧化锆-刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM等测试技术对样品的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征,研究了PSZ添加量(分别为5wt;、10wt;、15wt;、20wt;、25wt;、30wt;)对样品物理性能、高温塑性变形及抗热震性的影响.结果表明:由于采用含3;molY2O3的PSZ,Y2O3在高温下起到了烧结助剂的作用,致使样品的烧成温度显著降低;同时随着PSZ添加量的增加,样品的抗折强度增加.经最佳烧成温度烧成的各样品的抗折强度分别达到147.4 MPa、161.3 MPa、205.9 MPa、234.4 MPa、294.0 MPa、385.0 MPa.当PSZ的最佳添加量为10wt;时,样品具有较低的高温塑性变形及良好的抗热震性;当PSZ添加量继续增加,样品在高温易产生液相,抗蠕变及抗热震性降低.SEM显微结构研究表明,随着氧化锆添加量增加,样品结构越致密,增强效果越显著.XRD分析结果表明,复相陶瓷具有良好的耐高温性能,热震前后样品的物相组成不变,均为莫来石、刚玉、m-ZrO2和t-ZrO2.     

铝粉添加量对自结合碳化硅材料结构与性能的影响

以3种粒度的α-SiC颗粒为骨料,以硅粉、石墨粉为β-SiC基质的原料,以铝粉为添加剂,通过埋粉烧结法制备自结合碳化硅材料.研究了铝粉添加量对自结合碳化硅的相组成、形貌以及性能的影响.采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对材料的组成、结构与性能进行了表征,探究铝粉促进SiC晶须原位合成的机理.研究结果表明:铝粉的加入对改善SiO气体分压起着重要作用.随着铝粉加入量的增加,SiC晶须生成量逐渐增加,晶须长径比增大,样品吸水率、气孔率呈下降的趋势,体积密度、抗折强度呈上升趋势.当铝的加入量为2.5wt;时,SiC晶须生成量最多,晶须形貌光滑,长径比最大,材料性能最优.样品吸水率、气孔率达到最小值,分别为7.96;、18.4;,样品体积密度、抗折强度达到了最大值,分别为2.32 g/cm3、70.1 MPa,热膨胀系数为4.62×10-6/C-(室温～1000℃).     

La2O3对氧化镁陶瓷烧结性能与抗热震性能的影响

本文以纳米氧化镁为主要原料,La2O3为添加剂,聚乙烯醇为结合剂,制备烧结性能良好和抗热震性能优异的氧化镁陶瓷.通过常温力学性能、抗热震性能、XRD和SEM等手段对试样进行分析和表征,重点研究La2O3对氧化镁陶瓷烧结性能及抗热震性能的影响.结果表明:La2O3的加入能够促进氧化镁陶瓷的烧结.从微观结构看出La2 O3加入后可与氧化镁形成固溶体及一些不定形态物质,均匀分布在晶界处,减缓试样在热震时裂纹的尖端应力,阻碍裂纹延伸,有效提高氧化镁陶瓷的抗热震稳定性.经1640℃烧结La2O3的加入量为1;的试样相对密度最高,为99.72;;热震后经1560℃烧结La2O3的加入量为2;的试样常温耐压强度达到最大值,58 MPa.     

Co包覆Al2O3/TiC复相陶瓷的力学性能与抗热震性能

不同Co含量Al2O3/TiC复相陶瓷的力学性能测试结果表明,综合力学性能最佳的复合材料含Co量为8;质量分数.采用急冷-强度法表征了单相Al2O3、Al2O3/TiC及Co包覆Al2O3/TiC三种材料的抗热震性能.单次热震结果表明,Co包覆Al2O3/TiC的抗热震性能是最佳的.SEM观察发现,随着热震温度的升高,材料的致密度越来越低,力学性能大幅下降,从而导致了抗热震性能的降低.循环热震结果表明,随循环次数的增加,ATC复合材料的抗热震性越来越差.Co的少量添加,虽然对复合材料的热物理性能改变较小,但却较大幅度地提高了ATC复合材料的力学性能,有效缓解了热应力,从而提高了ATC复合材料的抗热震能力.     

Y2O3添加对Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷结构与性能的影响

采用高温固相烧结法制备了Y2O3改性Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷材料.研究了Y2O3添加量对Nb2O5陶瓷的物相组成、微观结构、气孔率、热膨胀性能、抗弯强度和抗热震性能等的影响.结果表明,经1390℃保温2h烧成,纯Nb2O5陶瓷样品存在开裂现象,表现出低的抗弯强度和差的抗热震性能.添加2～ 10;Y2O3后,样品主晶相为单斜相Nb2O5,还生成了YNbO4晶相.通过添加适量Y2O3改性,可抑制Nb2O5陶瓷烧成过程中的晶粒增长和避免开裂现象,形成致密的微观结构,样品的抗弯强度和抗热震性能显著提高.Nb2O5陶瓷的热膨胀系数随Y2O3添加量的增加而逐渐增大.Y2O3添加量为6;时,样品的热膨胀系数和抗弯强度分别为1.9×10-6/℃和103.4 MPa,表现出良好的抗热震性能.     

Al2O3对氧化镁陶瓷烧结性及抗热震性的影响

本文以纳米氧化镁,硫酸铝和氨水为原料,采用共沉淀法制备表面由Al2O3前驱体包覆的MgO陶瓷.对烧后试样进行常温烧结性能和抗热震稳定性能检测.试样相组成的确定和显微结构分析是分别通过XRD和SEM手段来进行的.着重研究了由前驱体转化得到的Al2O3作为烧结助剂对氧化镁陶瓷的烧结性及抗热震性的影响.结果表明:加入Al2O3后,试样中生成了镁铝尖晶石,提高了试样的致密度,最大可达到3.48 g/cm3.在试样的显微结构中出现了大量微裂纹和粘连区域,一定程度上优化了试样的抗热震稳定性.     

20G钢表面喷涂MoB/CoCr金属陶瓷涂层的组织性能研究

在20G钢换热管表面上利用低压等离子喷涂(UPS)制备MoB/CoCr金属陶瓷涂层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDAX)对涂层的物相组成、微观组织和成分进行了表征,并对涂层的结合强度和抗热震性能进行研究.研究表明:喷涂前后涂层的物相相差不大,涂层为层状结构;涂层与20G基体之间、表面涂层与过渡涂层之间结合良好,涂层致密;涂层具有良好的结合强度和抗热震性能,在熔融AI-12.07; Si中经过1080h腐蚀后,涂层基本保持完好,具有很好的抗熔融铝硅腐蚀性能.     

普通刚玉砂对99氧化铝陶瓷抗热震性的影响

主要研究普通刚玉砂的加入量、烧成温度对99氧化铝陶瓷抗热震性的影响.用SEM对样品的微观结构进行表征.在100 MPa的压力下压制普通刚玉砂含量分别为20wt;、40wt;、60wt;的99氧化铝板材,并将不同含量干压成型(dry pressing,DP)的板材再经150MPa的冷等静压成型(cold isostatic pressing,CIP).干燥后,分别在1580℃、1620℃及1660℃下进行常压烧结.结果表明:普通刚玉砂的加入能改善氧化铝板材的抗热震性,当经过150MPa的冷等静压成型时,普通刚玉砂含量为40wt;,烧成温度为1620℃时,氧化铝板材的抗热震性最好.此时,抗弯强度为126.5 MPa.并通过韦伯分布分析,韦伯模数达到13.7,说明这种板材具有较好的使用可靠性.     

Dry Patterning of Al and Al Alloys

Plasmachemical etching of Aluminium in chlorine containing discharges is discussed from a thermochemical point of view. A model of Al etching is proposed, in which diffusion of reaction products through the carbon-rich deposite layer is considered to be rate-limiting. The model quantitatively describes the dependence of the etch reaction on different process parameters of the CCl₄-plasma.     

铝/铁掺杂的非晶碳/铝结构的电致电阻效应研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在石英玻璃衬底上沉积铁掺杂的非晶碳膜(a-C:Fe),然后使用真空热蒸发设备在膜上镀铝(Al)电极层,形成Al/a-C:Fe/Al结构的器件.该器件在±5 V测试电压范围内显示出可逆电致电阻效应,具有较好的开关电压、开关比等参数,可用作电阻型随机存储器.     

Local Al site distribution in aluminosilicate glasses by Al MQMAS NMR

Coordination and local environment around Al in glasses and liquids is a long-standing question, which has been a controversial issue in geochemistry and glass science. Nuclear magnetic resonance at high-field (750 MHz) was employed to investigate the geochemically and industrially important CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system. We show that Al remains mainly in tetrahedral position in glasses, however, the presence of five-fold coordinated aluminum is the general rule throughout the ternary CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ system, except for the low silica percalcic region. The proportion of five-fold (Al^V) and six-fold (Al^VI) coordinated Al was quantified to determine the effects of composition overall the peralkaline part. Moreover our results indicate that Al may occupy more polymerized positions than Si. These two findings do put new questions to the modeling/understanding of these glasses and their parent liquids.     

Local structure in liquid binary Al–Cu and Al–Ni alloys

The local short-to-intermediate range structure was studied in liquid Al–Ni and Al–Cu alloys by X-ray diffraction as a function of temperature and composition. A containerless technique, combining aerodynamic levitation and inductive heating, was used to position and melt the samples. The scattered intensity was recorded by an image plate. Liquid samples with compositions corresponding to an intermetallic solid phase show a pronounced prepeak in the structure function S(Q).     

Al2TiO5/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的晶粒异向生长

通过机械激活法制备了Al2TiO5/Al2O3(nAl2TiO5: nAl2O3=1: 4)的陶瓷复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)分析了不同的温度制度下Al2TiO5/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的晶粒生长特性.X射线衍射谱图(XRD)显示烧结样品的主晶相为α-Al2O3和Al2TiO5.SEM和EDS分析显示,较低温度下烧结(1350 ℃)时Al2TiO5晶粒为等轴状.当温度升高到1450 ℃时,Al2TiO5开始异向长大,形成棒状晶粒.随着温度的升高(1500 ℃),棒状Al2TiO5的长径比继续增加.而Al2O3则始终为片状和等轴晶粒,且异向生长的Al2TiO5晶粒填充于Al2O3三角晶界处.研究表明,烧结温度的升高会促进晶体异向生长并增加其体积分数.Al2TiO5会阻碍Al2O3基体颗粒进一步生长,所以当Al2TiO5颗粒平均尺寸随着烧结温度增加而增大,Al2O3基体晶粒生长几乎停滞.     

Corrosion behavior of solid solution (Ti,Al) N as a function of Al concentration

In this work, a series of (Ti, Al) N coatings with different Al contents were deposited on 304 stainless steel substrates by Hollow Cathode Discharge (HCD) method. The coatings were grown on 304 stainless steel substrates at 400 °C. The coatings were characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and microhardness test. The XRD confirmed the transition from TiN phase to (Ti, Al) N phase and then to AlN phase with increasing Al concentration in the solid solution. It was found that with increasing Al concentration the hardness of the coatings initially increased up to a maximum value of about 30 GPa at around 32 at.% of Al and then the coating hardness decreased rapidly with further increase of Al content (Al > 32 at.%). The potentiodynamic polarization analysis was carried out in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions to study the corrosion resistance of the coatings. From the corrosion test it can be inferred that the amount of Al atoms in the coatings plays an important role for reducing the corrosion.     

The Al nano-crystallization process in amorphous Al85Ni8Y5Co2

The primary nano-crystallization of fcc Al in initially amorphous Al₈₅Ni₈Y₅Co₂ has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). TEM in combination with EELS after both isochronal and isothermal annealing allowed the determination of the change of the crystalline particle density and particle density/size distribution. The crystallization in Al₈₅Ni₈Y₅Co₂ was found to take place in three sequences. In the first step of the first sequence spherical fcc Al nano-particles develop with a very high particle density. In the second step of the first sequence the more or less spherical Al particles develop protrusions without significant further nucleation of fcc Al particles. In the second sequence nucleation of new fcc Al particles takes place. Comparing the crystallization behavior of Al₈₅Ni₈Y₅Co₂ with that of Al₈₅Ni₅Y₈Co₂ it follows that the yttrium solute level has a strong influence on the nucleation and growth behavior during the fcc Al primary nano-crystallization.     

微波水热法制备Al2O3包覆Al复合粉体的研究

用微波水热辅助沉淀法制得氧化铝前驱体/铝复合粉体,再经过1000℃煅烧2 h得到氧化铝/铝复合粉体,用XRD、SEM和EDS对粉体进行了表征.研究表明:相比普通水热法,微波水热法制备时间短,制得的前驱体水合氧化铝结晶度更好.当微波水热反应pH=11、反应时间为120 min、硝酸铝浓度为1 mol/L时,前驱体水合氧化铝的结晶度和煅烧后氧化铝对铝粉的包覆效果均达到最佳.     

Electron transport properties of Al–Sm and Al–Sm–Ni amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys

The calculated temperature variation of electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power for composite Al–Sm alloys, composed of the X fraction of fcc-Al nanocrystals embedded in amorphous phase, are in good agreement with experimental data. No interphase layer was detected on nanograin surface. Correlation between a value of electrical resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistivity and thermoelectric power of amorphous Al–Sm and Al–Sm–Ni alloys is qualitatively consistent with Ziman theory. The attracting interaction between Al and Ni atoms, which stabilizes the amorphous structure, is detected.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体及其陶瓷的性能研究

以硝酸铝、柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对Al2O3粉体的晶体结构、形貌及粒径进行表征,并研究以MgO-CuO-TiO2作为添加剂时,Al2O3陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能.结果表明:干凝胶经1000℃煅烧2h后得到了分散性良好的Al2O3粉体,粒径大约为50～ 80 nm.随着MgO掺杂量的增加,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度、介电常数以及Q·f值都呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着温度的升高,烧结体的相对密度不断增大.当烧结温度为1500℃,MgO含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的综合性能较好:相对密度为91.52;,介电常数和Q·f值达到最大值分别为9.46,19862 GHz.