基于相对失真测度的感兴趣区域编码

提出了一种基于相对失真测度的率失真斜率提升感兴趣区域编码算法.通过计算感兴趣区域与背景之间的相对失真确定感兴趣区域的率失真斜率提升幅度,使得实际感兴趣区域与背景的相对失真尽可能逼近给定值.本算法不需要对小波域的系数进行比特平面提升,而是通过提升率失真斜率实现.解码器不需要进行小波域系数的逆提升,且提升大小不受比特平面限制, 可以精确到步骤.适合给定感兴趣区域与背景之间的相对失真,也适合交互式图像等感兴趣区域编码.相对失真改变时,不需要重新对图像进行比特平面编码,只要提升感兴趣区域斜率然后重新组织码流即可, 避免了比特平面提升的感兴趣区域编码算法缺陷.仿真结果表明,本算法能够精确根据给定感兴趣区域与背景的平均相对失真组织码流,实际结果十分接近给定值.     

Partition functions and thermodynamic properties of paraboson and parafermion systems

New formulas are given for the grand partition function of paraboson systems of order p with n orbitals and parafermion systems of order p with m orbitals. These formulas allow the computation of statistical and thermodynamic functions for such systems. We analyze and discuss the average number of particles on an orbital, and the average number of particles in the system. For some special cases (identical orbital energies, or equidistant orbital energies) we can simplify the grand partition functions and describe thermodynamic properties in more detail. Some specific properties are also illustrated in plots of thermodynamic functions.     

数字水印的鲁棒性评测模型

数字水印的鲁棒性是水印技术实用化的一个重要指标.与通过StirMark测试和各种仿真测试不同,定义互信息作为代价函数,建立水印系统鲁棒性描述和度量的一般模型.以扩频水印和量化水印为范例,推导出评测鲁棒性的互信息度量计算模型,并仿真分析了高斯噪声和JPEG压缩条件下互信息函数对鲁棒性的评估结果.实验以统计误比特率的方法计算图像DCT域中低频系数为载体的扩频水印误码率和一段音频数据三级小波细节系数为载体的量化水印误码率.互信息函数和误码率之间的匹配关系验证了互信息度量模型的有效性,互信息函数可以作为代价函数预测误码率的变化趋势. 关键词： 数字水印 鲁棒性 互信息 误码率     

二氧化硅分子配分函数的研究

在低温20K到高温6000K温度范围内,计算了¹⁶O²⁸Si¹⁶O分子稳定结构的的总配分函数.其中,转动配分函数考虑了离心扭曲修正,振动配分函数采用谐振子近似.把20—6000K的温度范围划分为五区间段,计算的总配分函数在这五个温度区间分别被拟合到一个温度T的四阶多项式,从而在每个区间均得到五个拟合系数.由这些拟合系数就可以快速、准确地获得分子在所研究温度范围内任意温度的总的配分函数. 关键词： 总配分函数 二氧化硅分子 转动配分函数 振动配分函数     

一种广义边距区分性训练准则

通过分析不同区分性训练目标函数之间的关系,以MMI(Maximum Mutual Information)作为分离度量,把不同的区分性训练目标函数统一为基于广义边距的区分性训练准则.并在该广义边距准则下,通过对其权重函数进行讨论,得到两种区分性训练目标函数:利用组合增进因子和候选词路径中误识词个数,加权候选路径,得到SBMMI(Soft Boosted MMI)目标函数;利用基于单个候选词的后验概率定义每一训练语句的错误识别率,采用幂指数的形式对单个候选词动态加权,得到VWMMI(Variable Weighting MMI)目标函数。实验结果表明,与软边距估计准则和增进的最大互信息方法相比,SBMMI方法准确率分别提高了0.89%和0.56%,VWMMI方法能在SBMMI方法基础上提高0.68%.      

Influence of injection patterns on chaos synchronization performance between a multimode laser diode and a single-mode laser

In this paper, based on a system composed of a multimode emitted laser diode and a single-mode received laser, chaos synchronization performance has been investigated numerically under different optical injection patterns. The results show that, for single mode injection (SMI) which means the received laser is injected by a selective longitudinal mode of the multimode emitted laser whose wavelength corresponds to that of the single-mode received laser, the system synchronization performance is better than that with multi mode injection (MMI); depending on the optical spectrum of the received laser, the physical mechanism of chaos synchronization deterioration for MMI is given. Additionally, after taking into account the parameter mismatches, the chaos synchronization performance of the system with different injection pattern have also been discussed. For either SMI or MMI, the synchronization performance with negative parameter mismatches is better than that with positive parameter mismatches.     

An improved partial SPIHT with classified weighted rate-distortion optimization for interferential multispectral image compression

Based on the property analysis of interferential multispectral images, a novel compression algorithm of partial set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) with classified weighted rate-distortion optimization is presented.After wavelet decomposition, partial SPIHT is applied to each zero tree independently by adaptively selecting one of three coding modes according to the probability of the significant coefficients in each bitplane.Meanwhile the interferential multispectral image is partitioned into two kinds of regions in terms of luminous intensity, and the rate-distortion slopes of zero trees are then lifted with classified weights according to their distortion contribution to the constructed spectrum.Finally a global ratedistortion optimization truncation is performed.Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed algorithm not only improves the performance in spatial domain but also reduces the distortion in spectral domain.     

Mutual Information and Quantum Discord in Quantum State Discrimination with a Fixed Rate of Inconclusive Outcomes

We studied the mutual information and quantum discord that Alice and Bob share when Bob implements a discrimination with a fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes (FRIO) onto two pure non-orthogonal quantum states, generated with arbitrary a priori probabilities. FRIO discrimination interpolates between minimum error (ME) and unambiguous state discrimination (UD). ME and UD are well known discrimination protocols with several applications in quantum information theory. FRIO discrimination provides a more general framework where the discrimination process together with its applications can be studied. In this setting, we compared the performance of optimum probability of discrimination, mutual information, and quantum discord. We found that the accessible information is obtained when Bob implements the ME strategy. The most (least) efficient discrimination scheme is ME (UD), from the point of view of correlations that are lost in the initial state and remain in the final state, after Bob’s measurement.     

基于三维集合分裂嵌入式零块编码算法的超光谱图像压缩

基于超光谱图像的特点,提出了一种三维集合分裂嵌入式零块编码(3D SPEZBC)的超光谱图像压缩算法。该算法首先采用三维小波包变换有效地去除超光谱图像的空间和谱间相关性,然后对于所生成的每个二维子带利用基于集合分裂的方法进行零块编码,最后再采用基于上下文的自适应算术编码来进一步提高编码性能。实验结果表明,3D SPEZBC算法具有与三维嵌入式零块编码(3D EZBC)算法相同的压缩编码性能,在各比特率下编码性能均明显优于三维集合分裂嵌入式块编码(3D SPECK)、三维等级树集合分裂(3D SPIHT)和非对称三维等级树集合分裂(AT-3D SPIHT)算法,并且略好于多分量JPEG2000编码(JPEG2000-MC)算法。此外,3D SPEZBC编码算法不但可以提供较好的率失真性能,而且相对于3D EZBC编码算法可以节省大量的存储空间。     

Some Parameterized Quantum Midpoint and Quantum Trapezoid Type Inequalities for Convex Functions with Applications

Quantum information theory, an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, information theory, philosophy, cryptography, and entropy, has various applications for quantum calculus. Inequalities and entropy functions have a strong association with convex functions. In this study, we prove quantum midpoint type inequalities, quantum trapezoidal type inequalities, and the quantum Simpson’s type inequality for differentiable convex functions using a new parameterized q-integral equality. The newly formed inequalities are also proven to be generalizations of previously existing inequities. Finally, using the newly established inequalities, we present some applications for quadrature formulas.     

氧化亚氮3000—0200和1001—0110跃迁带在高温下的线强度

采用乘积近似法计算了氧化亚氮分子的总配分函数，其中转动配分函数考虑了离心扭曲修正，振动配分函数采用谐振子近似. 利用计算所得的配分函数和实验振动跃迁矩平方及Herman-Wallis因子系数，计算了氧化亚氮3000—0200和1001—0110跃迁带在常温和高温下的线强度. 结果显示，当温度高达3000K时，计算所得线强度与实验值及HITRAN数据库提供的结果仍符合较好. 这表明高温下的分子配分函数和线强度的计算是可靠的. 还进一步计算了氧化亚氮3000—0200和1001—0110跃迁带在更高温度(40 关键词： 氧化亚氮 配分函数 线强度 高温     

A Bounded Measure for Estimating the Benefit of Visualization (Part II): Case Studies and Empirical Evaluation

Many visual representations, such as volume-rendered images and metro maps, feature a noticeable amount of information loss due to a variety of many-to-one mappings. At a glance, there seem to be numerous opportunities for viewers to misinterpret the data being visualized, hence, undermining the benefits of these visual representations. In practice, there is little doubt that these visual representations are useful. The recently-proposed information-theoretic measure for analyzing the cost–benefit ratio of visualization processes can explain such usefulness experienced in practice and postulate that the viewers’ knowledge can reduce the potential distortion (e.g., misinterpretation) due to information loss. This suggests that viewers’ knowledge can be estimated by comparing the potential distortion without any knowledge and the actual distortion with some knowledge. However, the existing cost–benefit measure consists of an unbounded divergence term, making the numerical measurements difficult to interpret. This is the second part of a two-part paper, which aims to improve the existing cost–benefit measure. Part I of the paper provided a theoretical discourse about the problem of unboundedness, reported a conceptual analysis of nine candidate divergence measures for resolving the problem, and eliminated three from further consideration. In this Part II, we describe two groups of case studies for evaluating the remaining six candidate measures empirically. In particular, we obtained instance data for (i) supporting the evaluation of the remaining candidate measures and (ii) demonstrating their applicability in practical scenarios for estimating the cost–benefit of visualization processes as well as the impact of human knowledge in the processes. The real world data about visualization provides practical evidence for evaluating the usability and intuitiveness of the candidate measures. The combination of the conceptual analysis in Part I and the empirical evaluation in this part allows us to select the most appropriate bounded divergence measure for improving the existing cost–benefit measure.     

Rotational partition functions of methane and its isotopic species

Rotational partition functions for six isotopic species of methane have been calculated by explicit summation of the energy level expressions, using the most recent rotational and centrifugal distortion constants. The partition functions are tabulated for temperatures ranging from 10 to 500°K.     

基于加权率失真优化SPIHT算法的干涉多光谱图像压缩

基于空间调制型成像光谱仪的成像特点,提出了一种适合于干涉多光谱图像的加权率失真优化多级树集合分裂(SPIHT)光谱压缩算法。该算法根据干涉多光谱图像在时域和频域的特点,推导出时域中随着光程差的增大,干涉图像对频域中光谱曲线的形状影响越大。因此,在光程差方向上,逐渐提升率失真函数的斜率,增大对图像的保护程度,不仅弥补了SPIHT算法在码率分配上的不足,而且有效地保护了频域中的光谱信息。实验结果表明,无论在时域还是频域,该算法与现有算法相比,性能有明显改进。     

Free Bosonic Vertex Operator Algebras on Genus Two Riemann Surfaces I

We define the partition and n-point functions for a vertex operator algebra on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing two tori together. We obtain closed formulas for the genus two partition function for the Heisenberg free bosonic string and for any pair of simple Heisenberg modules. We prove that the partition function is holomorphic in the sewing parameters on a given suitable domain and describe its modular properties for the Heisenberg and lattice vertex operator algebras and a continuous orbifolding of the rank two fermion vertex operator super algebra. We compute the genus two Heisenberg vector n-point function and show that the Virasoro vector one point function satisfies a genus two Ward identity for these theories.     

Low depth quantum circuits for Ising models

A scheme for measuring complex temperature partition functions of Ising models is introduced. Two applications of this scheme are presented. First, through appropriate Wick rotations, those amplitudes can be analytically continued to yield estimates for partition functions of Ising models. Bounds on the estimated error are provided through a central-limit theorem whose validity extends beyond the present context; it holds for example for estimations of the Jones polynomial. The kind of state preparations and measurements involved in this application can be made independent of the system size or the parameters of the system being simulated. Second, the scheme allows to accurately estimate non-trivial invariants of links. Another result concerns the computational power of estimations of partition functions for real temperature classical ferromagnetic Ising models. We provide conditions under which estimating such partition functions allows to reconstruct scattering amplitudes of quantum circuits, making the problem BQP-hard. We also show fidelity overlaps for ground states of quantum Hamiltonians, which serve as a witness to quantum phase transitions, can be estimated from classical Ising model partition functions. Finally, we discuss how accurate corner magnetisation measurements on thermal states of two-dimensional Ising models lead to fully polynomial random approximation schemes (FPRAS) for the partition function.     

Comparison of distortion-product otoacoustic emission growth rates and slopes of forward-masked psychometric functions

Slopes of forward-masked psychometric functions (FM PFs) were compared with distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) input/output (I/O) parameters at 1 and 6 kHz to test the hypothesis that these measures provide similar estimates of cochlear compression. Implicit in this hypothesis is the assumption that both DPOAE I/O and FM PF slopes are functionally related to basilar-membrane (BM) response growth. FM PF-slope decreased with signal level, but this effect was reduced or reversed with increasing hearing loss; there was a trend of decreasing psychometric function (PF) slope with increasing frequency, consistent with greater compression at higher frequencies. DPOAE I/O functions at 6 kHz exhibited an increase in the breakpoint of a two-segment slope as a function of hearing loss with a concomitant decrease in the level of the distortion product (L(d)). Results of the comparison between FM PF and DPOAE I/O parameters revealed only a weak correlation, suggesting that one or both of these measures may provide unreliable information about BM compression.     

Generating functional models for a statistical system near a phase transition

Starting from an assumed form of the distribution function near the phase transition point, an expression for the generating functional of a statistical system suitable for describing two-phase states of matter is derived. We then obtain formulas for the partition function and correlation functions by the standard procedure.     

基于视感知特征的多光谱高保真降维方法研究

为解决多光谱数据在降维压缩过程中的颜色精度保持问题,提出一种基于人眼视觉感知特征的多光谱数据高保真降维压缩方法(VPCM)。研究首先依据人眼视觉响应的非线性解析特征,成功构建了同时综合人眼光谱特征与色度特征的变换函数,并通过进一步构造的优化函数对其进行修正,以针对不同的样本集找到最佳变换方向,而后利用修正后的视觉特征变换函数对光谱样本集进行空间变换(Γ(S)=C),然后利用主成分分析方法对经视觉特征函数变换后样本集光谱数据进行降维压缩处理,并通过逆变换重构出样本集光谱数据(Γ-1(C)=^S),进行降维评价。实验选取四类具有典型代表性的数据集作为测试样本,分别以D50/2°条件下的CIELab色差和75组典型照明光源(钨丝灯、荧光灯和LED灯)下的平均同色异谱指数(MMI)作为色度主要评价指标,同时对比了Lab-PQR和2-XYZ两种较为先进的光谱降维算法。实验结果为VPCM方法的MMI值最小,其次是LabPQR,而2-XYZ的表现较差;VPCM方法在75组光源下对四组样本集的平均重构色差ΔEab也为最小,且最大样本平均色差及方差均要小于其他两种方法;VPCM方法的重构光谱精度介于Lab-PQR和2-XYZ之间,Lab-PQR的重构光谱精度最高。实验结果显示新方法色度压缩精度整体优于对比的两种方法,在变换参考条件下具有良好的色差稳定性,能够较好的应用于多光谱数据色度高保真压缩。