等能谷间杂质散射对无序层状系统电导率的影响

本文研究了等能谷间杂质散射对无序层状系统电导率的影响,求得了依赖于平面间耦合t的系统的有效维数的电导率修正。并且发现在计及等能谷间杂质散射时,电导率修正比只考虑谷内杂质散射时小一半,我们研究了层伏系统从二维过渡到三维的跨越维数效应,发现跨越行为依赖于谷间散射时间τ′,当t<1/τ(τ₀/τ′)^1/2时,系统具有二维行为,反之系统具有三维特征。 关键词：     

量子自旋系统的块自旋方案及其簇团Monte Carlo模拟方法

本文提出了一种关于一维和二维量子自旋系统的Monte Carlo模拟新算法。具体给出了对于一维和二维Heisenberg模型的计算方案。在s=1/2的铁磁和反铁磁链情况下的计算结果证实了此方法有效地克服了“临界慢化(CSD)”效应和能够达到更低的温度区域进行计算。该方法可推广到各向异性和高自旋(s=1,3/2,…)量子系统、二维经典8-顶角格点模型和低维费密系统。 关键词：     

强阻尼非线性热弹耦合杆系统的全局吸引子

本文主要以算子半群理论为依据,证明了一类强阻尼非线性热弹耦合杆方程组在初边值条件下,全局吸引子的存在性,并且对吸引子维数做了估计. 关键词： 热弹耦合杆系统 强阻尼 非线性 全局吸引子     

硫酸铜电解沉积的分形与电导率研究

用电化学的方法,制备出具有分形结构的金属铜样品,计算了不同电解电压下铜样品的分形维数,并求出其电导率.发现随着电解电压的增大,分形结构的维数趋于增大,而铜样品的电导率减小.     

三角格点基底上磁性分形团簇形貌演化规律

在扩散限制凝聚模型基础上引入粒子的自旋自由度,将磁耦合系数扩展为随自旋间距离幂次变化的非常数项J/r^a,采用Monte Carlo方法研究在二维三角格点基底上具有幂次相互作用的磁性团簇形貌及其分形维数D_f的演化规律.模拟结果表明,对于较大的幂指数α值,即α≥5时,团簇形貌随耦合参数J的变化较小,其分形维数D_f在1.50~1.70之间;随着α值的减小,团簇形貌随参数J有一明显的演化过程,在模拟范围内,分形维数D_f在1.20~1.90之间.     

可重整的SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y模型中的轴矢Ward恒等式和维数正规化

利用维数正规化方法,通过到单圈的明显计算,证明了包含重轻子的无Adler-Bell-Jackiw(ABJ)反常的SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y模型中的轴矢Ward恒等式的成立性是与γ_5的两个在n维中的定义无关的。它的一个自然的推论是维数正规化方法适用于我们的有轴矢耦合费米子的模型。当把AVV三角形嵌入到轴矢费米子顶角中时,发现在n→4的物理极限下它并不会引起任何新的有限的反常,从而至少到两圈的水平证明了Frampton有关存在新的与质量相关的反常的猜测在我们的非Abel情况下同样是不成立的。     

光子数分束攻击对星地量子密钥分配系统安全的影响

由于仪器设备性能的不完美和信道传输损耗的存在,光子数分束(PNS)攻击对采用弱相干脉冲(WCP)光源的量子密钥分配(QKD)系统的安全性构成重大威胁.以基于WCP光源的星地QKD系统为研究对象,推导了在PNS攻击者采用最佳窃听策略进行窃听时,保证密钥绝对安全的最大天顶角和可采用的平均光子数之间的关系.理论分析和计算结果表明,星地QKD系统的最大安全传输天顶角和可使用的平均光子数等重要系统参数的取值上限均受PNS攻击的限制,最终系统的密钥交换速率和系统容量受到限制.对星地QKD系统的传输容量来说,天顶角和平均光子数是一对矛盾的影响因素.提供了一种对实际星地QKD系统的天顶角和平均光子数参数进行估算的方法.     

非线性耦合时空混沌系统的反同步研究

利用非线性耦合方法研究了离散型时空混沌系统的反同步问题.对时空混沌系统的线性项和非线性项进行适当的分离,利用系统本身的非线性项作为耦合函数,实现了两个二维耦合映象格子的反同步.进一步将这种非线性耦合方法推广应用到由二维耦合映象格子构成复杂网络的反同步研究中,仿真模拟发现仍具有理想的反同步效果. 关键词： 反同步 非线性耦合 耦合映象格子 复杂网络     

在(2+1)维手征Gross-Neveu模型中有限温度的顶角修正和退耦合相变

本文根据含复合场的Wark-Takahashi恒等式所得到的费米子质量谱,利用虚时温度场论计算了准确到1/N阶的费米子和σ介子的顶角修正,并讨论了顶角函数随温度的变化关系和退耦合相变.结果表明:退耦合相变的临界温度随着零下π介子和费米质量的增大而升高,由热涨落对顶角修正所引起的费米子质量的改变不能忽略.     

J/ψ→Nπ衰变中的核子极点贡献

采用πN作用的赝标 (PS)耦合和赝矢 (PV)耦合两种形式 ,计算了J/ ψ→NNπ衰变中核子极点图的贡献 ,并加入各种强子顶角形状因子 ,考察它们的离壳效应。     

The Critical Behaviour of Conductivity for Some Two-Dimensional Fractals

The critical behaviour of conductivity for some two-dimensional fractals is studied by experiments. The results show that the conductivity exponent is fractal dimensionality dependent with exponential scaling behaviour but is fractal material independent.     

Critical points in less than two dimensions

From a study of the liquid-vapour equilibrium at low temperatures in the lattice-gas and penetrable-sphere models it is concluded that the phase transformation can occur as soon as the dimensionality of the fluid exceeds one, even if, formally, by a small, non-integral amount. A hypothetical fluid of dimensionality s only slightly greater than 1 is defined through its cluster integrals, and its thermodynamic properties are deduced. It is found that its behaviour is identical to that of a one-dimensional system for temperatures above some critical temperature T _c (with T _c →0 as s →1), while for temperatures below T _c its behaviour is that of a two-phase system of dimensionality s greater than 1.     

YBa2Cu3O7-x的金属-绝缘体转变

借助于局域化的标度理论,我们对层状结构系统引进一个由电导各向异性或层间耦合决定的有效维度,认为电导的减小和有效维度的降低是YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x和其它氧化物金属-绝缘体转变的原因,同时也讨论了有限温度的标度理论以解释正常态电阻率的温度行为。 关键词：     

The mobility edge problem: Continuous symmetry and a conjecture

An apparently overlooked symmetry of the disordered electron problem is derived. It yields the well-known Ward-identity connecting the one- and two-particle Green's function. This symmetry and the apparent shortrange behaviour of the averaged one-particle Green's function are used to conjecture that the critical behaviour near the mobility edge coincides with that of interacting matrices which have two different eigenvalues of multiplicity zero (due to replicas). As a consequence the exponents of the d.c. conductivity is expected to approach 1 for real matrices and 1/2 for complex matrices as the dimensionality of the system approaches two from above. In two dimensions no metallic conductivity is expected.     

Investigation of Cu<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>/Nb interface transparency by using current-perpendicular-to-plane measurement

A direct determination of the interfacial transparency on the basis of current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) resistances for Cu_0.5Ni_0.5/Nb layered system is presented. This particular realization has substantial significance for understanding the interfacial transport in such heterostructures. The unexpected large critical thickness for this weak ferromagnetic containing system can be attributed to the strong pair-breaking effect as a result of the high interfacial transparency. Besides, the strong pair-breaking also plays a decisive role in the occurrence of the dimensionality crossover of the temperature dependent upper critical magnetic field.     

Critical behaviour of thin films with quenched impurities

The critical behaviour of thin films containing quenched random impurities and inhomogeneities is investigated by the renormalization-group method to the one-loop order within the framework of the n-component φ⁴-model. The finite-size crossover in impure films has been considered on the basis of the fundamental relationship between the effective dimensionality D_eff and the characteristic lengths of the system. The fixed points, their stability properties and the critical exponents are obtained and analyzed, using an -expansion near the effective spatial dimensionality D_eff of the fluctuation modes in D-dimensional hyperslabs with two types of quenched impurities: point-like impurities with short-range random correlations and extended (linear) impurities with infinite-range random correlations along the small-size spatial direction. The difference between the critical properties of infinite systems and films is demonstrated and investigated. A new critical exponent, describing the scaling properties of the thickness of films with extended impurities has been derived and calculated. A special attention is paid to the critical behaviour of real impure films (D=3).     

Critical exponents of magnets with lengthy defects

The critical behaviour of magnets with non-zero-dimensional defects is investigated by the renormalization group method. Expansions of the critical exponents in the small parameters ? and ?_d are obtained, where ?_d is the defect dimensionality. The corresponding renormalization group equations are shown to possess a focus-type fixed point.     

The nature of conduction pathways in mixed alkali phosphate glasses

In this paper we discuss the nature of the ion conduction pathways in Li_xRb_1−xPO₃ glasses. Our investigations are based on a bond valence analysis of reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) produced structural models in quantitative agreement with neutron and X-ray diffraction data. In a previous letter [11] we have shown that this approach enables us to reproduce and understand the mixed alkali effect (MAE) directly from the structural models. The results have shown that the drastic drop of the conductivity for an intermediate composition (x ≈ 0.5) is mainly caused due to the blocking by immobile unlike cations, which is highly effective since the two types of alkali ions are randomly mixed and have distinctly different conduction pathways of low dimensionality. Here, we explore the local dimensionality of the pathways and discuss its implications for the network of pathways and the related ionic conductivity. Paper presented at the Patras Conference on Solid State Ionics — Transport Properties, Patras, Greece, Sept. 14 – 18, 2004.     

Superconductivity and metal-insulator transition in amorphous Si1−xAux system

Electrical conductivity of metallic amorphous Si_1?xAu_x films was measured down to 10 mK. Superconducting transition was observed in a certain range of Au content. In the normal state, the temperature variation of electrical conductivity showed √T-dependence at higher temperatures and ln T-dependence at lower temperatures. This crossover is interpreted as being due to a change of sample dimensionality.     

Transport in dispersed ionic conductors: Effect of insulating particle size

Dispersed ionic conductors are random mixtures of a solid salt, e.g. AgI, LiI, with fine particles of an insulating second phase, like Al₂O₃ or SiO₂. These composites can show a dramatic increase in ionic conductivity compared to the pure homogeneous system. Generally, this observation is attributed to an increased conductivity along the internal interface between the conducting salt and the insulating material. In this work a three-component random resistor network (RRN) model for dispersed ionic conductors is reviewed. In the model, the ionic conductor is represented by normally conducting bonds, the insulating material by non-conducting bonds and the interface between the two phases by highly conducting bonds. A special feature of the model is the existence of two critical concentrations of the insulating phase, p′_c and p″_c , for interface percolation and bulk conduction, respectively, where critical transport properties corresponding to conductor/superconductor and conductor/insulator networks are predicted. The model describes satisfactorily the dependence on composition of the conductivity and activation energy of dispersed ionic conductors. Furthermore, the observed effect on the conductivity of the size of dispersed particles can be described qualitatively well by a generalized version of the RRN model, which in addition predicts a sensitive dependence of the critical thresholds on particle size. Non-universality features in the critical exponents for the conductivity are also discussed within a continuum percolation analog of the model.